Replication of recombinant herpesvirus of turkey expressing genes of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in specific pathogen free and broiler chickens followingin ovoand subcutaneous vaccination

Elucidating the complex microbial interactions in biological environments requires the identification and characterization of not only the bacterial component but also the eukaryotic viruses, bacteriophage, and fungi. In a proof of concept experiment, next generation sequencing approaches, accompanied by the development of novel computational and bioinformatics tools, were utilized to examine the evolution of the microbial ecology of the avian trachea during the growth of a healthy commercial broiler flock. The flock was sampled weekly, beginning at placement and concluding at 49 days, the day before processing. Metagenomic sequencing of DNA and RNA was utilized to examine the bacteria, virus, bacteriophage, and fungal components during flock growth. The utility of using a metagenomic approach to study the avian respiratory virome was confirmed by detecting the dysbiosis in the avian respiratory virome of broiler chickens diagnosed with infection with infectious laryngotracheitis virus. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of the ecology of the avian respiratory microbiome and demonstrates the feasibility for the use of this approach in future investigations of avian respiratory diseases.

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Protection induced by commercially available live-attenuated and recombinant viral vector vaccines against infectious laryngotracheitis virus in broiler chickens

Avian Pathology ◽

10.1080/03079457.2011.631983 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 21-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Ariel Vagnozzi ◽

Guillermo Zavala ◽

Sylva M. Riblet ◽

Alice Mundt ◽

Maricarmen García

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Viral Vector ◽

Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽

Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽

Laryngotracheitis Virus

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Prevalence and molecular detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus in chickens in selected areas of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Livestock Research ◽

10.3329/bjlr.v27i1.55175 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 113-117

Author(s):

MZ Ali ◽

M Giasuddin

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Winter Season ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽

Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽

Layer Chickens ◽

Laryngotracheitis Virus

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a viral disease of poultry species caused by infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) that shows high morbidity and mortality. The present study was under taken for ILTV prevalence in broiler and layer chickens from four different geographical areas including Bogura, Gazipur, Chattogram and Dhaka districts during 2017 to 2018. Total 350 tracheal swabs were collected and were evaluated by real time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). The overall 5.14% (18/350) ILTV prevalence was found that included 6.5% (13/200) in layer and 3.33% (5/150) in broiler chickens. The prevalence of ILTV was highest (10%) in layer chickens under age below 20 weeks and broiler chicks showed ILTV (1. 42%) infection when they were 7-14 days old. Winter season showed highest 6.6% prevalence whereas 5% and 3% prevalence were noticed at summer and rainy seasons, respectively. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 27 (1&2), 2020: P. 113-117

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Evaluation of Recombinant Herpesvirus of Turkey Laryngotracheitis (rHVT-LT) Vaccine against Genotype VI Canadian Wild-Type Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) Infection

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9121425 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1425

Author(s):

Catalina Barboza-Solis ◽

Shahnas M. Najimudeen ◽

Ana Perez-Contreras ◽

Ahmed Ali ◽

Tomy Joseph ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Wild Type ◽

Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽

Common Causes ◽

Specific Pathogen ◽

Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽

Laryngotracheitis Virus

In Alberta, infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) infection is endemic in backyard poultry flocks; however, outbreaks are only sporadically observed in commercial flocks. In addition to ILTV vaccine revertant strains, wild-type strains are among the most common causes of infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT). Given the surge in live attenuated vaccine-related outbreaks, the goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of a recombinant herpesvirus of turkey (rHVT-LT) vaccine against a genotype VI Canadian wild-type ILTV infection. One-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) White Leghorn chickens were vaccinated with the rHVT-LT vaccine or mock vaccinated. At three weeks of age, half of the vaccinated and the mock-vaccinated animals were challenged. Throughout the experiment, weights were recorded, and feather tips, cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected for ILTV genome quantification. Blood was collected to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and quantify CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. At 14 dpi, the chickens were euthanized, and respiratory tissues were collected to quantify genome loads and histological examination. Results showed that the vaccine failed to decrease the clinical signs at 6 days post-infection. However, it was able to significantly reduce ILTV shedding through the oropharyngeal route. Overall, rHVT-LT produced a partial protection against genotype VI ILTV infection.

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Effect of Pullet Vaccination on Development and Longevity of Immunity

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v11020135 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 135 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Emily Aston ◽

Brian Jordan ◽

Susan Williams ◽

Maricarmen García ◽

Mark Jackwood

Keyword(s):

Clinical Signs ◽

Vaccination Program ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Respiratory Pathogens ◽

Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus ◽

Vaccination Programs ◽

Live Attenuated Vaccines ◽

Specific Pathogen ◽

Infectious Laryngotracheitis ◽

Laryngotracheitis Virus

Avian respiratory disease causes significant economic losses in commercial poultry. Because of the need to protect long-lived poultry against respiratory tract pathogens from an early age, vaccination programs for pullets typically involve serial administration of a variety of vaccines, including infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). Often the interval between vaccinations is only a matter of weeks, yet it is unknown whether the development of immunity and protection against challenge when vaccines are given in short succession occurs in these birds, something known as viral interference. Our objective was to determine whether serially administered, live attenuated vaccines against IBV, NDV, and ILTV influence the development and longevity of immunity and protection against challenge in long-lived birds. Based on a typical pullet vaccination program, specific-pathogen-free white leghorns were administered multiple live attenuated vaccines against IBV, NDV, and ILTV until 16 weeks of age (WOA), after which certain groups were challenged with IBV, NDV, or ILTV at 20, 24, 28, 32, and 36 WOA. Five days post-challenge, viral load, clinical signs, ciliostasis, tracheal histopathology, and antibody titers in serum and tears were evaluated. We demonstrate that pullets serially administered live attenuated vaccines against IBV, NDV, and ILTV were protected against homologous challenge with IBV, NDV, or ILTV for at least 36 weeks, and conclude that the interval between vaccinations used in this study (at least 2 weeks) did not interfere with protection. This information is important because it shows that a typical pullet vaccination program consisting of serially administered live attenuated vaccines against multiple respiratory pathogens can result in the development of protective immunity against each disease agent.

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