Fruit fly, Fireblight and powdery scab: Australia‐New Zealand trade relations, 1919–39

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-48
Author(s):  
Keith Sinclair
Author(s):  
David Thackeray

Brexit is likely to lead to the largest shift in Britain’s economic orientation in living memory. Some have argued that leaving the EU will enable Britain to revive markets in Commonwealth countries with which it has long-standing historical ties. Their opponents argue that such claims are based on forms of imperial nostalgia which ignore the often uncomfortable historical trade relations between Britain and these countries, as well as the UK’s historical role as a global, rather than chiefly imperial, economy. This book explores how efforts to promote a ‘British World’ system, centred on promoting trade between Britain and the Dominions, grew and declined in influence between the 1880s and 1970s. At the beginning of the twentieth century many people from London, to Sydney, Auckland, and Toronto considered themselves to belong to culturally British nations. British politicians and business leaders invested significant resources in promoting trade with Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa out of a perception that these were great markets of the future. However, ideas about promoting trade between ‘British’ peoples were racially exclusive. From the 1920s onwards colonized and decolonizing populations questioned and challenged the bases of British World networks, making use of alternative forms of international collaboration promoted firstly by the League of Nations and then by the United Nations. Schemes for imperial collaboration amongst ethnically ‘British’ peoples were hollowed out by the actions of a variety of political and business leaders across Asia and Africa who reshaped the functions and identity of the Commonwealth.


2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
David A.J. Teulon ◽  
John M. Kean ◽  
Karen F. Armstrong

Fruit flies (Family Tephritidae), in particular the Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni; QFF), areone of the biggest biosecurity risks for New Zealand horticulture. New Zealand has one of the bestscience-based biosecurity systems in the world, based on years of experience and sound research. Theintroduction of fruit flies to New Zealand is now well managed in commercial fruit imports, but the riskis rising from growing trade and travel and, in the case of QFF, climatic adaptation and spread to moresouthern localities. Smarter solutions are continually needed to manage this increasing risk, and to dealwith such pests when they arrive. We present a brief summary of current and anticipated research aimedat reducing the likelihood of entry into New Zealand and/or minimising the impact for the fruit flyspecies of greatest threat to New Zealand. Research spans risk assessment, pathway risk management,diagnostics, surveillance and eradication.


2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
David Maxwell Suckling

This medal is awarded by the New Zealand Plant Protection Society to honour those who have made exceptional contributions to plant protection in New Zealand in the widest sense. The medal is awarded for outstanding services to plant protection, whether through research, education, implementation or leadership. In 2017, the New Zealand Plant Protection Medal was awarded Prof David Maxwell (Max) Suckling. In his 35+ years of research, Max has been pivotal in bringing odour-based technologies to New Zealand. In particular, his research on insect pheromones has enabled integrated pest management to be realised in this country. As a result, New Zealand plant-based industries can access premium overseas markets due to the low pest prevalence and low pesticide residue on primary produce. It has also reduced grower exposure to pesticides. The acknowledgement of his broad knowledge of risks and benefits that new organisms and substances can pose to New Zealand has been exemplified by his position of Chair of the Environmental Risk Management Authority Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Committee where he presided over decisions from determining which organisms are new to New Zealand through to whether the benefits of the release of new organisms outweighed the risks. His unique knowledge and ability to make sound judgements based on the evidence presented also led to two invitations back to the Environmental Protection Authority after he had finished as a special member on the Committee so that New Zealand could safely continue to assess the use of biological control agents. Since 2004, in his role as Science Group Leader of the Biosecurity group at The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Max has been instrumental in developing tools to improve detection sensitivity and socially acceptable eradication options for new pests that threaten New Zealand, such as the Queensland fruit fly and the painted apple moth. Max has been a member of the New Zealand Plant Protection Society for many years and served as President from 1999 to 2001. He was nominated for the Medal because of the passion he has displayed towards developing and making available socially acceptable pest eradication and management tools in New Zealand. The work that he and the chemical ecology team he has built and led, has had a large impact in many sectors from horticulture to biosecurity. This use of socially acceptable tools for the productive sectors naturally led to Max’s involvement in the pest surveillance and eradication space. He led the Eradication and Response Theme in the Better Border Biosecurity collaboration for over ten years, co-ordinating research among Crown Research Institutes to achieve their goals and the goals of New Zealand’s biosecurity practitioners. He has gone beyond odour-based technologies and branched into sound, vision and sterile-insect technologies for managing pests, sticking with the social acceptance theme. Max is an innovative thinker, testing novel approaches for pest management, and can bring quite separate groups together to achieve a goal. For example, he combined an irradiator used to sterilise medical equipment and insect rearing to achieve a boutique insect-sterilisation programme against the painted apple moth. By pushing the envelope, he is seen as a world leader in his field of using socially acceptable tools, with numerous invitations as a keynote speaker at international meetings, which has allowed him to return to New Zealand with some of the latest scientific ideas. He has served on working groups of the sterile-insect technique for the joint division of the Food and Agriculture Organization/International Atomic Energy Agency. He was recently made a professor when he was made a joint appointment at PFR and the University of Auckland, and has supervised and co-supervised a number of PhD and MSc students. His outstanding collaboration and mentoring skills enable him to work across different fields, secure new knowledge and tools for novel pest-management approaches, bring together people from different organisations, and mentor ‘thinking-out-of-the-square’ scientists for the future. His desire to protect New Zealand’s flora, fauna and people, make him a worthy recipient of the New Zealand Plant Protection Medal.   NZPP Medal recipients for the previous five years: 2016: Rob Beresford 2015: Gary Barker 2014: - 2013: Andrew Hodson 2012: Margaret Dick


2015 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Kean

Tephritid fruit flies have been comparatively well studied because of the damage they cause to horticultural crops in affected countries New Zealand benefits from this knowledge as it continues to exclude economically damaging fruit fly species For example fruit fly development models are used for biosecurity risk analysis and decision making during incursion responses Here the literature was searched for development times for three species of particular concern to New Zealand the Mediterranean fruit fly the Queensland fruit fly and the oriental fruit fly The published data were reanalysed to fit development models to the different life stages and the generation time The new models were then compared with previously published models for these species The generation time models were found to give reasonably accurate predictions when validated against published estimates of field voltinism overseas This paper presents the most comprehensive analysis to date of fruit fly development times and degree day models


2003 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ganev ◽  
M. Braithwaite

Organisms that are new to New Zealand are detected every year These range from benign or saprophytic to significant pests Currently detection of exotic organisms relies on a combination of public submissions reporting from research scientists and limited planned surveillance programmes With the exception of the fruit fly surveillance programme the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry Biosecurity Authority (MAFBA) does not undertake active surveillance programmes for high impact exotic pests of horticulture and agriculture This is seen as a potentially significant deficiency The National Plant Pest Reference Laboratory (NPPRL) was commissioned by MAFBA to conduct pilot surveys of twelve high impact exotic pests to determine the resources required to plan carry out field surveys and conduct laboratory identifications The surveys were statistically designed to enable early pest detection and hence maximise the probability of pest eradication Pest selection was based on pest reputation biology epidemiology and the use of various diagnostic techniques to provide a variety of potential scenarios This paper presents details of the sampling statistical methods and resources that were used to compile information on active surveillance programmes for each pest


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