scholarly journals Solar energy system design: The impact of mesoscale variations in solar radiation

1983 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Hay
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
System Design ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The Impact

The effects of socio-environmental constraints on Norway’s renewable energy potential

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Zeyringer ◽  
James Price ◽  
Eline Mannino
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
System Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
The Impact

<p>The decarbonisation of power production is key to achieving the Paris Agreement goal. Wind and solar energy have matured and decreased in cost rapidly into cost-effective decarbonisation solutions. However, the location of renewables effects the impact on the environment and the communities they are sited. Thus, socio-environmental constraints can strongly limit the overall capacity potential affecting the technology choices, resulting costs and political feasibilities of reaching the national emission reduction targets. Nevertheless, socio-environmental acceptance is usually not considered when studying the transition to a net-zero energy system.</p><p>Norway has one of the best wind energy potentials in Europe and a large scale deployment in combination with increased interconnection could have effects on the rest of the European power system. However, recent projects have been facing large opposition. This may be surprising as Norway has very low population density but the right to unspoilt nature is strongly anchored in the Norwegian culture and Sami reindeer herding could be disturbed by wind projects.  In 2019 the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE) proposed a national framework for wind energy which defined the most suitable areas for wind energy development. After massive protests the framework was recently withdrawn by the government. Offshore wind energy is often seen as a potential solution as socio-environmental opposition is expected to be lower but it is more expensive. However, it is as socio-political decision to choose a more expensive technology, site or mitigation option. A spatially-dependent capacity assessment under different socio-environmental scenarios and their effect on energy system design is missing to allow for such discussion.</p><p>Here, we close this gap by analysing the NVE framework, previous concessions and related opinions, literature, newspaper articles and perform interviews with key stakeholders to design three scenarios of socio-environmental acceptability for onshore/offshore wind and solar energy. Based on the here developed scenarios we then conduct a GIS analysis to determine the spatially dependent capacity potential per technology and scenario. Finally, we implement these geospatial capacity scenarios into a high spatial and temporal resolution electricity system model for Europe (“highRES Europe”) to analyse the effects on the Norwegian and European electricity system design in 2050.  </p>

scholarly journals The role of L/W in the solar radiation for Saharian cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 05006
Author(s):  
Rami Qaoud ◽  
Alkama Djamal
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Direct Solar Radiation ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The urban fabric of the desert cities is based on the principle of reducing the impact of urban canyons on direct solar radiation. Here comes this research, which is based on a comparative study of the periods of direct solarisation and values of the solar energy of urban canyons via two urban fabrics that have different building densities, where the ratio between L/W is different. In order to obtain the real values of the solar energy (thermal, lighting), the test field was examined every two hours, each three consecutive days. The measurement stations are positioned by the three types of the relationship between L/W, (L≥2w, L=w, L≤0.5w). According to the results, we noticed and recorded the difference in the periods of direct solarization between the types of urban engineering canyons, reaching 6 hours a day, the difference in thermal values of air, reaching 4 °C, and the difference in periods of direct natural lighting, reaching 6 hours. It should be noted that the role of the relationship between L/W is to protect the urban canyons by reducing the impact of direct solar radiation on urban canyons, providing longer hours of shading, and reducing solar energy levels (thermal, lighting) at the urban canyons. This research is classified under the research axis (the studies of external spaces in the urban environment according to the bioclimatic approach and geographic approach). But this research aims to focus on the tracking and studying the distribution of the solar radiation - thermal radiation and lighting radiation - in different types of street canyons by comparing the study of the direct solarization periods of each type and the quantity of solar energy collected during the solarization periods.

scholarly journals Heat Treatment of Steel 1.1730 with Concentrated Solar Energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Maria Stoicanescu ◽  
Aurel Crisan ◽  
Ioan Milosan ◽  
Mihai Alin Pop ◽  
Jose Rodriguez Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Solar Furnace ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Concentrated Solar Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents and discusses research conducted with the purpose of developing the use of solar energy in the heat treatment of steels. For this, a vertical axis solar furnace called at Plataforma Solar de Almeria was adapted such as to allow control of the heating and cooling processes of samples made from 1.1730 steel. Thus temperature variation in pre-set points of the heated samples could be monitored in correlation with the working parameters: the level of solar radiation and implicitly the energy used the conditions of sample exposed to solar radiation, and the various protections and cooling mediums.The recorded data allowed establishing the types of treatments applied for certain working conditions. The distribution of hardness, as the representative feature resulting from heat treatment, was analysed on all sides of the treated samples. In correlation with the time-temperature-transformation diagram of 1.1730 steel, the measured values confirmed the possibility of using solar energy in all types of heat treatment applied to this steel. In parallel the efficiency of using solar energy was analysed in comparison to the energy obtained by burning methane gas for the heat treatment for the same set of samples. The analysis considered energy consumption, productivity and the impact on the environment. Thanks to various data obtained through developed experiences, which cover a wide range of thermic treatments applied steels 1.1730 model, we can certainly state that this can be a solid base in using solar energy in applications of thermic treatment at a high industrial level.

Changes in extreme surface solar radiation in EURO-CORDEX Regional Climate Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanka Bartok
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Surface Solar Radiation ◽  
The Impact

<p>As solar energy share is showing a significant growth in the European electricity generation system, assessments regarding long-term variation of this variable related to climate change are becoming more and more relevant for this sector. Several studies analysed the impact of climate change on the solar energy sector in Europe (Jerez et al, 2015) finding light impact (-14%; +2%) in terms of mean surface solar radiation. The present study focuses on extreme values, namely on the distribution of low surface solar radiation (overcast situation) and high surface solar radiation (clear sky situation), since the frequencies of these situations have high impact on electricity generation.</p><p>The study considers 11 high-resolution (0.11 deg) bias-corrected climate projections from the EURO-CORDEX ensemble with 5 Global Climate Models (GCMs) downscaled by 6 Regional Climate Models (RCMs).</p><p>Changes in extreme surface solar radiation frequencies show different regional patterns over Europe.</p><p>The study also includes a case study determining the changes in solar power generation induced by the extreme situations.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Jerez et al (2015): The impact of climate change on photovoltaic power generation in Europe, Nature Communications 6(1):10014, 10.1038/ncomms10014</p><p> </p>

Solar Energy Resource Assessment for Chile

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Ortega ◽  
Rodrigo Escobar ◽  
Sergio Colle
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Energy System Planning ◽  
Energy Maps

The Chilean government’s energy policy and the power generation sector plans include wind, geothermal, hydro and biomass powerplants in order to introduce renewable energy systems to the country, but they do not mention solar energy to be a part of the plan. This apparent lack of interest in solar energy is partly due to the absence of a valid solar energy database, adequate for energy system planning activities. The only available solar radiation database is relatively old, with measurements taken in 89 stations from the 60’s onwards, obtained with high-uncertainty sensors such as Campbell-Stokes devices and pyranographs. Moreover, not all stations have measured incoming solar radiation for an adequate time span. Here, we compare the existing database of solar radiation in Chile with estimations made with satellite measurements, obtained from the GOES program through collaboration with the Brazilian space institution, INPE. Monthly mean solar energy maps are created from both data sources and compared, using Krigging methods for spatial interpolation. It is found that a maximum 30 percent deviation exist, with snow covers in the Andes Mountains adding additional uncertainty levels. The solar energy levels throughout the country can be considered as high, and it is thought that they are adequate for energy planning given proper diffusion and support by editing a Chilean Solar Atlas.

scholarly journals The impact of urban texture on energy system design process

2019 ◽  
Vol 1343 ◽  
pp. 012075
Author(s):  
A.T.D. Perera ◽  
Silvia Coccolo ◽  
Sameh Monna ◽  
Jean-Louis Scartezzini ◽  
Dasaraden Mauree
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The Impact

Understanding multidecadal variability for energy system studies: can current 20th century reanalyses do the job?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Wohland ◽  
Hannah Bloomfield ◽  
David Brayshaw ◽  
Stefan Pfenninger ◽  
Martin Wild
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Multidecadal Variability ◽  
Climatic Information

<p>The variability of renewable power generation is often quantified based on modern reanalyses such as ERA5 or MERRA-2 which provide climatic information over the last few decades. Compared to infrastructure lifetimes, modern reanalyses cover only short periods and may consequently fail to sample relevant longer-term climate variability. While there is evidence for multi-decadal variability in wind power generation [Wohland et al. (2019), Zeng et al. (2019)], hydropower [Bonnet et al. (2017)] and solar energy [Sweerts et al. (2019)], a consistent treatment of multi-decadal variability has not been achieved. </p><p>This knowledge barrier can potentially be overcome using 20th century reanalyses which provide internally consistent fields of energy-relevant variables (e.g., solar radiation, precipitation, temperature and wind). However, the provision of reliable climatic information on these timescales is known to be a challenge due to, for example, the evolution of measurement techniques. Some cases of spurious trends and other shortcomings of the datasets are known. It is therefore of utmost importance to quantify uncertainties prior to usage in energy system studies. To this end, we systematically compare 20CRv3, 20CRv2c, CERA20C and ERA20C with respect to variables needed in renewable energy assessments and report similarities and discrepancies accross the datasets. The focus is given to substantial differences with respect to multi-decadal solar radiation variability in Europe, also known as dimming and brightening. </p><p><br>References</p><p>Bonnet, R., Boé, J., Dayon, G. & Martin, E. Twentieth-Century Hydrometeorological Reconstructions to Study the Multidecadal Variations of the Water Cycle Over France. Water Resour. Res. 53, 8366–8382 (2017).</p><p>Sweerts, B. et al. Estimation of losses in solar energy production from air pollution in China since 1960 using surface radiation data. Nat Energy 4, 657–663 (2019).</p><p>Wohland, J., Omrani, N. E., Keenlyside, N. & Witthaut, D. Significant multidecadal variability in German wind energy generation. Wind Energ. Sci. 4, 515–526 (2019).</p><p>Zeng, Z. et al. A reversal in global terrestrial stilling and its implications for wind energy production. Nat. Clim. Chang. (2019).</p>

Developing and Evaluation of Various Correlations for Diffuse Solar Radiation for Urla (Izmir, Turkey)

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orhan Ekren
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Diffuse Radiation ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Total Solar Radiation ◽  
Total Radiation ◽  
Diffuse Solar Radiation ◽  
Tilted Surface

Characteristics of site-specific solar irradiation is required to optimize a solar energy system. If no tracking system is used, the amount of electricity or heat produced by solar energy depends on the total solar radiation on a tilted surface. Although pyranometer measures direct plus diffuse solar radiation on a horizontal surface, there are many locations where diffuse radiation is not measured. Also, diffuse radiation is necessary to determine the total radiation on a tilted surface. Therefore, in this study, new correlations for diffuse solar radiation is proposed as a function of atmospheric parameters for Urla (Izmir, Turkey). After applying the statistical procedure on the measured data, seven new correlations are proposed for the ratio of hourly average diffuse and total radiation. Also, the ratio of monthly average daily diffuse and total radiation for this region is proposed.

scholarly journals Trends in Downward Solar Radiation at the Surface over North America from Climate Model Projections and Implications for Solar Energy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerardo Andres Saenz ◽  
Huei-Ping Huang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Climate Model Simulations ◽  
The Impact

The projected changes in the downward solar radiation at the surface over North America for late 21st century are deduced from global climate model simulations with greenhouse-gas (GHG) forcing. A robust trend is found in winter over the United States, which exhibits a simple pattern of a decrease of sunlight over Northern USA. and an increase of sunlight over Southern USA. This structure was identified in both the seasonal mean and the mean climatology at different times of the day. It is broadly consistent with the known poleward shift of storm tracks in winter in climate model simulations with GHG forcing. The centennial trend of the downward shortwave radiation at the surface in Northern USA. is on the order of 10% of the climatological value for the January monthly mean, and slightly over 10% at the time when it is midday in the United States. This indicates a nonnegligible influence of the GHG forcing on solar energy in the long term. Nevertheless, when dividing the 10% by a century, in the near term, the impact of the GHG forcing is relatively minor such that the estimate of solar power potential using present-day climatology will remain useful in the coming decades.

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