Should Interscholastic Sports be Abolished at the Middle and High School Levels?

1997 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 11-13
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Interscholastic Sports

Using a Content Analysis to Examine the Gendering of Sports Newspaper Personnel and Their Coverage

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Pedersen ◽  
Warren A. Whisenant ◽  
Ray G. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Newspaper Coverage ◽  
Interscholastic Athletics ◽  
High School Sports ◽  
Interscholastic Sports ◽  
School Sports

The purpose of this study was to determine if the coverage given to female and male interscholastic athletics was a function of the gender of the individuals who make up newspaper sports departments. The degree to which males controlled and dominated the newspaper coverage of interscholastic sports was also assessed. The study revealed, from the examination of 1792 articles and 827 photographs, that the newspaper media was clearly the domain of males who made up 91.4% of the reporters, 78.6% of the photographers, 100% of the executive sports editors, and 91.3% of the high school sports editors. The study further determined that there was no association between the gender of the newspaper personnel and the amount of coverage given to female and male interscholastic athletics. Female and male reporters, photographers, and editors were found equally responsible for the under-represented coverage of girls' interscholastic athletics.

Pre-participation Sports Assessment

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 803-806
Author(s):  
James G. Garrick ◽  
Nathan J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Primary Care Physician ◽  
Care Physician ◽  
Health Evaluation ◽  
School Students ◽  
Interscholastic Sports ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Sports Programs

The paper by Goldberg et al (Pediatrics 66:736, 1980) is of interest to the primary care physician in documenting not only what may be one approach to the often demanding and frustrating problem of large numbers of pre-participation health examinations, but most particularly in reporting what is found in a large number of such examinations when performed on high school boy and girl athletes. The physician may not appreciate that there are as many as 7 million high school students involved in interscholastic sports programs each year; potentially all are candidates for this type of health evaluation. If the pre-participation sports examination is to be effective and economically realistic, its goals must be precisely defined.

UNEVEN PLAYING FIELDS: STATE VARIATIONS IN BOYS' AND GIRLS' ACCESS TO AND PARTICIPATION IN HIGH SCHOOL INTERSCHOLASTIC SPORTS

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jomills Henry Braddock-II ◽  
Jan Sokol-Katz ◽  
Anthony Greene ◽  
Lorrine Basinger-Fleischman
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Interscholastic Sports ◽  
Playing Fields

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Concussion Symptoms of High School Athletes

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah J. Frommer ◽  
Kelly K. Gurka ◽  
Kevin M. Cross ◽  
Christopher D. Ingersoll ◽  
R. Dawn Comstock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Return To Sport ◽  
The United States ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Resolution Time ◽  
Interscholastic Sports ◽  
Symptom Resolution ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Context: More than 1.6 million sport-related concussions occur every year in the United States, affecting greater than 5% of all high school athletes who participate in contact sports. As more females participate in sports, understanding possible differences in concussion symptoms between sexes becomes more important. Objective: To compare symptoms, symptom resolution time, and time to return to sport between males and females with sport-related concussions. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: Data were collected from 100 high schools via High School RIO (Reporting Information Online). Patients or Other Participants: Athletes from participating schools who sustained concussions while involved in interscholastic sports practice or competition in 9 sports (boys' football, soccer, basketball, wrestling, and baseball and girls' soccer, volleyball, basketball, and softball) during the 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 school years. A total of 812 sport concussions were reported (610 males, 202 females). Main Outcome Measure(s): Reported symptoms, symptom resolution time, and return-to-play time. Results: No difference was found between the number of symptoms reported (P  =  .30). However, a difference was seen in the types of symptoms reported. In year 1, males reported amnesia (exact P  =  .03) and confusion/disorientation (exact P  =  .04) more frequently than did females. In year 2, males reported more amnesia (exact P  =  .002) and confusion/disorientation (exact P  =  .002) than did females, whereas females reported more drowsiness (exact P  =  .02) and sensitivity to noise (exact P  =  .002) than did males. No differences were observed for symptom resolution time (P  =  .40) or return-to-play time (P  =  .43) between sexes. Conclusions: The types of symptoms reported differed between sexes after sport-related concussion, but symptom resolution time and return-to-play timelines were similar.

scholarly journals Trends in Concussion Return-to-Play Timelines Among High School Athletes From 2007 Through 2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 836-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Medina McKeon ◽  
Scott C. Livingston ◽  
Ashley Reed ◽  
Robert G. Hosey ◽  
Williams S. Black ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Censored Data ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Time To Event ◽  
Interscholastic Sports ◽  
Probability Estimates ◽  
Recovery Times

Context: Whereas guidelines about return-to-play (RTP) after concussion have been published, actual prognoses remain elusive. Objective: To develop probability estimates for time until RTP after sport-related concussion. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Setting: High school. Patients or Other Participants: Injured high school varsity, junior varsity, or freshman athletes who participated in 1 of 13 interscholastic sports at 7 area high schools during the 2007–2009 academic years. Intervention(s): Athletic trainers employed at each school collected concussion data. The athletic trainer or physician on site determined the presence of a concussion. Athlete-exposures for practices and games also were captured. Main Outcome Measure(s): Documented concussions were categorized by time missed from participation using severity outcome intervals (same-day return, 1- to 2-day return, 3- to 6-day return, 7- to 9-day return, 10- to 21-day return, >21-day return, no return [censored data]). We calculated Kaplan-Meier time-to-event probabilities that included censored data to determine the probability of RTP at each of these time intervals. Results: A total of 81 new concussions were documented in 478 775 athlete-exposures during the study period. After a new concussion, the probability of RTP (95% confidence interval) was 2.5% (95% confidence interval = 0.3, 6.9) for a 1- to 2-day return, 71.3% (95% confidence interval = 59.0, 82.9) for a 7- to 9-day return, and 88.8% (95% confidence interval = 72.0, 97.2) for a 10- to 21-day return. Conclusions: For high school athletes, RTP within the first 2 days after concussion was unlikely. After 1 week, the probability of return rose substantially (approximately 71%). Prognostic indicators are used to educate patients about the likely course of disease. Whereas individual symptoms and recovery times vary, prognostic time-to-event probabilities allow clinicians to provide coaches, parents, and athletes with a prediction of the likelihood of RTP within certain timeframes after a concussion.

scholarly journals Comparison of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Rates In High School and Middle School Sports Over a 30-year Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0005
Author(s):  
Mitchell J. Rauh ◽  
Laura C. Schmitt ◽  
Mark V. Paterno
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Interscholastic Sports ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are a major concern in interscholastic sports. Comparison of ACL injuries between high school (HS) and middle school (MS) athletes over multiple years is limited. Purpose: To examine the incidence of ACL injury in HS female [HS-F] and male [HS-M], and MS female [MS-F] and male [MS-M] sports over a 30-year period. Methods: We studied 55,147 athletes who competed in interscholastic sports at a secondary school from 1988 to 2018. Data included ACL injuries incurred during interscholastic sports, and clinically confirmed by a physician. Injury rates per 100,000 AEs (practice and games where the athlete was at risk of ACL injury) were calculated for gender, sport, and contact status. Incidence rate ratios [RR] and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare injury rates. Results: The incidence rate of ACL injury for HS athletes (4.15/100,000 AEs) was almost three times greater (RR=2.63, 95%CI: 1.7-4.2; p<0.0001) than the incidence rate for MS athletes (1.58/100,000 AEs). The risk of sustaining an ACL injury among HS-F athletes (4.26/100,000 AEs) was similar to HS-M athletes (4.06/100,000 AEs) (RR=1.05, 95%CI: 0.7-1.6; p=0.81). The risk of sustaining an ACL injury among MS-F athletes (1.06/100,000 AEs) was less than MS-M athletes (1.96/100,000 AEs) (RR=0.54, 95%CI: 0.2-1.4; p=0.21). While the risk of incurring an ACL injury occurrence was four times greater (RR=4.01, 95%CI: 1.7-9.4; p=0.0002) among HS-F athletes than MS-F athletes, the risk of ACL injury was twice as high (RR=2.08, 95%CI: 1.2-3.7; p=0.009) among HS-M athletes than MS-M athletes. ACL injuries were incurred in 15 HS sports and was greatest for HS-F basketball (25.5/100,000 AEs; p<0.001), HS-M football (20.6/100,000 AEs), and HS-F soccer (20.4/100,000 AEs). ACL injuries were sustained in 7 MS sports and was highest for MS-F softball (9.1/100,000 AEs), MS-M basketball (6.3/100,000 AEs) and MS-M football (5.0/100,000 AEs). The risk of contact-related ACL injury (1.73/100,000 AEs) was almost two times greater than non-contact-related ACL (0.96/100,000 AEs) (RR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.2-2.7; p<0.001). The rate of contact ACL injury was highest among HS-M (3.38/100,000 AEs) while the rate for noncontact ACL injury greatest among HS-F (2.44/100,000 AEs). Conclusions: The risk for ACL injury is higher in HS than in MS for both sexes. Non-contact ACL injuries were more likely to occur among HS-F athletes while contact injuries were highest for HS-M athletes, suggesting the effects of maturation and competition may play a role with increasing competition level.

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