Geographical location is a key component to effective breeding of clary sage (Salvia sclarea) for essential oil composition

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanka Zutic ◽  
Nadav Nitzan ◽  
David Chaimovitsh ◽  
Alona Schechter ◽  
Nativ Dudai

Wild populations of Croatian clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) were examined for variability to determine cultivation suitability in Croatia and Israel for breeding purposes. Phenotypic variability (coefficient of variation; %) was recorded for inflorescence weight (39.6%), inflorescence yield (52.8%), and essential oil yield (67.6%) when grown in Croatia. Associations were identified between inflorescence yield and essential oil yield (r = 0.9; P < 0.0001), inflorescence weight and inflorescence yield (r = 0.8; P < 0.0001), and inflorescence weight and inflorescence length (r = 0.6; P = 0.0056), suggesting that populations with elongated inflorescence are indirectly associated with higher essential oil yield. In Israel, the populations reached full bloom between the end of May and early June, corresponding on average to 397.5 days post planting. Linalyl acetate, linalool, α–terpineol, sclareol, and geranyl acetate were the leading essential oil components in both Croatia and Israel. The principal compounds in the oil were linalyl acetate (48.5%) and linalool (17.7%), signifying that the Croatian populations were of the linalool chemotype. A two-way ANOVA indicated an interaction between growing location (Croatia vs. Israel) and population for linalool (P = 0.02), α–terpineol (P = 0.007), and linalyl acetate (P = 0.09); evidence of an environmental effect on essential oil composition. The variation observed suggested that the wild population of clary sage in Croatia had the genetic heterogeneity essential for breeding. Nevertheless, the differences in essential oil composition between Croatia and Israel suggest that breeding efforts should be separately focused for each agriculture production system.

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601101
Author(s):  
Kaan Polatoğlua ◽  
Betül Demirci ◽  
İhsan Çalιş ◽  
Kemal Hüsnü Can Başer

The essential oil of aerial parts of Helichrysum conglobatum (Viv.) Steudel. (Asteraceae) from Cyprus was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil yield was 0.01, v/w. Forty five compounds were identified in the oil comprising 96.1% of the total. The essential oil was mainly composed of sesquiterpene type compounds and oxygenated sesquiterpene derivatives. The main components of the oil were β-caryophyllene (14.6%), γ-curcumene (14.1%), hexadecanoic acid (13.5%), tetradecanoic acid (7.5%), rosifoliol (5.4%) and δ-cadinene (5.3%). This is the first report on the essential oil composition of H. conglobatum from Cyprus.


2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ghelichnia

Abstract The genus Thymus has a wide distributional range and chemical composition of the essential oils varies with geographical location of collection site, climate and other ecological factors. The essential oils of the aerial parts were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Twenty seven components were characterized in the essential oil of T. fedtschenkoi. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (69.04%), thymol (5.95%), borneol (5.21%), p-cymene (4.20%), bornyl acetate (2.97%) and 1,8- cineole (2.72%). Twenty two components were characterized in the essential oil of T. trauveterri. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (54.02%), thymol (9.29%), borneol (3.51%), p-cymene (18.64%) and γ- terpinene (2.97%). Twenty six components were characterized in the essential oil of T. pubescens. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (13.85%), α-terpineol (11.49%), thymol (10%), geraniol (9.48%), α-pinene (8.52%), p-cymene (7.66%), camphor (4.66%), γ-terpinene (3.15%) and myrcene (2.22%). Twenty four components were characterized in the essential oil of T. fallax. The major constituents of the oil were carvacrol (41.84%), p-cymene (12.18%), α-terpineol (11.49%), thymol (10%), γ-terpinene (8.68%), borneol (5.11%), geraniol (4.35%) and geranyl acetate (2.16%).


HortScience ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 1393-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov ◽  
Tess Astatkie ◽  
Barry O'Brocki ◽  
Ekaterina Jeliazkova

Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) is a spice, an essential oil crop, and a medicinal plant with a long history of use. Anise seed oil is extracted from anise seed through steam distillation. There is no experimentally established optimal time for distillation of anise seed. We hypothesized that the distillation time (DT) can be customized for optimum yield and composition of anise essential oil. In this study, we determined the effect of nine steam DTs (5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, and 480 minutes) on essential oil yield and essential oil composition of anise seed. We developed regression models to predict essential oil yield, the concentration of individual constituents, and the yield of these constituents as a function of DT. Highest essential oil yield (2.0 g/100 g seed, 2%) was obtained at 360-minute DT. The concentration of transanethole, the major anise oil constituent, varied from 93.5% to 96.2% (as a percent of the total oil) and generally was high at 15- to 60-minute DT and low at 240- to 480-minute DT. However, the yield of transanethole (calculated from the essential oil yield and the concentration of transanethole in the oil) increased with increasing DT to reach maximum at 360-minute DT. The concentration of the other oil constituents varied significantly depending on the DT, and some of them were higher at the shorter DT than at the longer DT. However, the yields of these constituents were highest at longer DT (either 360 or 480 minutes). DT can be used to obtain anise essential oil with different composition that would benefit the essential oil industry. This study demonstrated the need for providing DT in reports where anise seed essential oil yield and composition are discussed. This article can also be used as a reference point for comparing studies in which different DTs were used to extract essential oil from anise seed.


HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 991-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahlebi K. Eiasu ◽  
Ntombekhaya Matafeni ◽  
Viwe Dyafta ◽  
Kenias Chigwaya

Rose-scented geranium oil is extracted from the shoots (mostly the leaves) of the Pelargonium spp. through steam- or hydro-distillation. To extract less than 0.2% oil, farmers must transport and distil bulky herbage. This makes geranium oil production costly, and high time- and energy-consuming process. To investigate the effect of different paclobutrazol (PBZ) concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300 mg/L of water) on vegetative growth, and oil yield and composition of rose-scented geranium, three pot experiments were conducted. The experiments were conducted in a glasshouse of the University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa (located at 25°45′S and 28°16′E, an altitude of 520 m above sea level), between Oct. 2011 and May 2013. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in four replications. The PBZ was sprayed on the plants at 1 month of regrowth stage. Chlorophyll content increased with concentration of PBZ. The reduction of plant height in all PBZ-treated plants was significant, ranged between 18% and 33%. Plant canopy also reduced by 5% to 23%, and the differences were more noticeable in the plants grown between January and May (summer/autumn season), producing compact plants. Leaf area and internode length reduced as PBZ concentration increased. Paclobutrazol had no significant effect on leaf number, and essential oil yield and composition. This implies that, through applying PBZ, compacted (less bulky) rose-scented geranium could be produced without significant change in essential oil yield per plant and essential oil composition.


Author(s):  
Erman Duman ◽  
Mehmet Musa Özcan ◽  
Zrira Saadiab ◽  
Mustafa Mete Özcan

The chemical composition of essential oil, which is isolated by hydrodistillation of aerial parts of Thymus zygioides growing wild in Turkey, have been determined by GC and GC/MS. Essential oil yield on a dry weight basis of aerial parts from T. zygioides was 0.45%. A total of twenty two constituents were identified by GC-MS analyses, the main components representing 92.3% the oil was identified as limonene (24.11%), cis-linalool oxide (22.91%), eucalyptol (8.65%). 3-octonol (7.04%), nerol (4.47%) geranyl acetate (3.19%), carvacrol (2.74%), linalyl propanoate (2.95%) and sabinene (2.23%). The essential oil of T. zygioides was characterized by its high content of limonene (24.11%).


2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e45
Author(s):  
Luiz Everson da Silva ◽  
Wanderlei Do Amaral ◽  
Cícero Deschamps ◽  
Luiz Antonio Biasi ◽  
Humberto Ribeiro Bizzo ◽  
...  

This work aimed to evaluate the essential oil yield and composition of the species Myrciaria delicatula, Campomanesia xantocarpha, Campomanesia aurea, Calyptranthes clusiifolia, Myrcia splendens, Eugenia osoriana, Myrciaria tenella, Myrceugenia reitzii, Calyptranthes concinna e Myrcia arborensis from a segment of the Atlantic Forest of Parana State. The sample collections for essential oil extraction, photographic records and herbarium specimen’s preparation for botanical species identification were made at the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (PRNP) Butuguara in Palmeira (PR), with “Campos Gerais” formations.  Myrceugenia reitzii showed eesential oil yield superior to other species and the essential oil yield of all species increased after drying. The chemical composition in the samples showed mono and sesquiterpenes, being the sesquiterpenes in higher percentages. The drying conditions affected the essential oil composition of the for the majority of the evaluated species


Author(s):  
Özlem Aras Aşcı ◽  
Hikmet Deveci ◽  
Alican Erdeğer ◽  
Kübra Nur Özdemir ◽  
Tunhan Demirci ◽  
...  

This study was aimed to determine the effects of 24-eBL, a steroid growth regulator, on the plant growth, total phenolic content, essential oil content and composition in “Munstead” lavender cultivar belonging to Lavandula angustifolia. For this aim, 24-eBL was applied to plants at four different concentrations (0, 0.75, 1.50 and 2.25 mg/l) twice, at the beginning of budding and 10 days after the first application. The plants harvested during the full bloom period were evaluated for fresh and dry stemmed flower yields, stemless dry flower yield, total phenolic content and essential oil yield and composition. As a result of the study, 24-eBL at concentrations of 0.75 and 1.50 mg/l significantly increased the stemless dry flower yield, total phenolic content and essential oil yield per plant. 24-eBL applications also changed essential oil composition. To conclude, 24-eBL applications can be used to increase the dry flower yield, phenolic and essential oil contents in lavender plants.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouna Ben Taârit ◽  
Kamel Msaada ◽  
Karim Hosni ◽  
Brahim Marzouk

The essential oils of seeds of Salvia verbenaca, Salvia officinalis, and Salvia sclarea were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry. The oil yields (w/w) were 0.050, 0.047, and 0.045% in S. verbenaca, S. sclarea, and S. officinalis, respectively. Seventy-five compounds were identified. The essential oil composition of S. verbenaca seeds showed that over 57% of the detected compounds were oxygenated monoterpenes followed by sesquiterpenes (24.04%) and labdane type diterpenes (5.61%). The main essential oil constituents were camphor (38.94%), caryophyllene oxide (7.28%), and 13-epi-manool (5.61%), while those of essential oil of S. officinalis were α-thujone (14.77%), camphor (13.08%), and 1,8-cineole (6.66%). In samples of S. sclarea, essential oil consists mainly of linalool (24.25%), α-thujene (7.48%), linalyl acetate (6.90%), germacrene-D (5.88%), bicyclogermacrene (4.29%), and α-copaene (4.08%). This variability leads to a large range of naturally occurring volatile compounds with valuable industrial and pharmaceutical outlets.


2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Wanderlei Do Amaral ◽  
Cícero Deschamps ◽  
Luiz Everson Da Silva ◽  
Humberto R. Bizzo ◽  
Marco Antonio Silva Pinto ◽  
...  

The Myrtaceae family has great occurrence in Brazil, mainly in the Atlantic Forest of the South and Southeast regions and presents potential for essential oil production. This work aimed to evaluate the essential oil yield and composition of the species Myrciaria delicatula, Campomanesia xantocarpha, Campomanesia aurea, Calyptranthes clusiifolia, Myrcia splendens, Eugenia osoriana, Myrciaria tenella, Myrceugenia reitzii, Calyptranthes concinna e Myrcia arborensis from a segment of the Atlantic Forest of Parana State. The essential oil extraction was carried out by hydrodistillation of fresh and dried leaves using a Clevenger type apparatus and the chemical composition was analyzed by gas phase chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Myrceugenia reitzii showed eesential oil yield superior to other species and the essential oil yield of all species increased after drying. The chemical composition in the samples showed mono and sesquiterpenes , being the sesquiterpenes in higher percentages. The drying conditions affected the essential oil  composition of the for the majority of the evaluated species.


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