The changes in immune cell concentration during the progression of pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes in a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet-induced pre-diabetic rat model

Abstract Background: Streptozotocin is a classic drug used to induce diabetic animal models. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the liver transcriptome of diabetic Kunming mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ) or Non-STZ. Methods: Forty male mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups, namely Control (Ctr, standard diet), mHH (high fat and high carbohydrate diet), mHS (high fat and high carbohydrate diet for 4 weeks followed by 60 mg/kg STZ for 3 consecutive days) and mSH (60 mg/kg STZ for 3 consecutive days and then fed with high fat and high carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks). All mice injected with STZ were identified as diabetes despite the sequential feeding of high fat and high carbohydrate diet. Results: Only 7 of 13 mice in mHH group met the diagnostic criteria for diabetes. The FBG of mHH, mHS, mSH and Ctrl groups were 13.27 ± 1.14, 15.01 ± 2.59, 15.95 ± 4.38 and 6.28 ± 0.33 mmol/L at 12th week, respectively. Compared with mHH group, the transcriptions of 85 genes were elevated in liver of mHS mice while 21 genes were down-regulated, and 97 genes were shown to be up-regulated in mSH group while 35 genes were decreased. Total 43 co-expressed genes were identified in mHSvsmHH and mSHvsmHH groups. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analyses showed that there were 2 corporate GO terms and 2 KEGG pathways significantly annotated in STZ-treated groups. Both the GO term and pathway were related to the metabolism mediated by p53. Conclusion: High fat and high carbohydrate diet combined with low dose of STZ can effectively induce diabetic models in Kunming mice despite the abnormal expressions of genes in the liver. The differentially expressed genes were related to the metabolism mediated by p53.

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High-monounsaturated fat, olive oil-rich diet has effects similar to a high-carbohydrate diet on fasting and postprandial state and metabolic profiles of patients with type 2 diabetes

Metabolism ◽

10.1053/meta.2000.18573 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 49 (12) ◽

pp. 1511-1517 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Camino Rodrı́guez-Villar ◽

José M. Manzanares ◽

Elena Casals ◽

Ana Pérez-Heras ◽

Daniel Zambón ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Olive Oil ◽

High Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Metabolic Profiles ◽

Monounsaturated Fat ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Postprandial State

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Following a Low Carbohydrate, High Fat Diet Compared to Reduced Calorie, High Carbohydrate Diet as a Nutritional Intervention in Type Two Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review

Journal of Food Studies ◽

10.5296/jfs.v9i1.17045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Joy Lewis ◽

Kevin Haubrick

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Eating Pattern ◽

High Carbohydrate ◽

Low Carbohydrate

There is evidence supporting individuals with type 2 diabetes benefit from lifestyle changes through a nutrition intervention that improves diabetic (blood glucose and HgbA1c) and cardiovascular (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides) biomarkers. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate if patients with type 2 diabetes following a low carbohydrate, high fat eating pattern is more effective than following a reduced caloric, high carbohydrate eating pattern in the improvement of diabetic (blood glucose and HgbA1c) and cardiovascular (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides) biomarkers. A literature search was conducted on peer-reviewed research trials registered in PubMed, from January 2007 to September 2019 using combinations of the search terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 AND Diet, Ketogenic; OR Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted. The literature was analyzed in chronological order; grouping in four year increments from 2007 to 2019. The thirty-six articles reviewed provide evidence to support the use of a low carbohydrate diet in patients with type 2 diabetes versus a reduced caloric diet. This systematic review highlighted diabetic (HgbA1c and fasting blood glucose) and cardiovascular biomarkers (HDL) of type 2 diabetic patients improve significantly when following a low-carbohydrate, high fat diet versus a reduced calorie, high carbohydrate intake.

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