Aphanomycespea root rot disease and control with special reference to impact of Brassicaceae cover crops

Author(s):  
Shakhawat Hossain ◽  
Göran Bergkvist ◽  
Kerstin Berglund ◽  
Anna Mårtensson ◽  
Paula Persson
Agrikultura ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitri Widiantini ◽  
Andang Purnama ◽  
Endah Yulia ◽  
Dwindry Formanda

ABSTRACTThe effectiveness of Oligochitosan in Suppressing the Growth of Fungal PathogenRigidoporus lignosus [(Klotzsch) Imazeki] the Causal Agent of White Root Rot Disease of Clovesin VitroWhite root rot disease caused by fungi Rigidoporus lignosus (Klotzch) Imazeki is an important disease of cloves that can cause the death of clove plants. Negative effect on the use of intensive fungicides leads to the search of an alternative method which is more environmentally friendly. Oligochitosan is a natural compound that has antifungal activity and can be used as natural pesticide. This study aimed to determine the concentration of oligochitosan that was able to effectively inhibit R. lignosus mycelial growth and to determine the effect of oligochitosan to R. lignosus mycelial growth. The study used a Completely Randomized Design with 5 oligochitosan concentration treatments (2 g/l, 4 g/l, 6 g/l, 8 g/l and 10 g/l) and control (no treatment). Oligochitosan was diluted with water and mixed with PDA to meet the required concentration. Same concentration was also used to dip wooden toothpick for 1 min and incubated on PDA containing R. lignosus. The result showed that 6 g/l oligochitosan concentration was able to inhibit the mycelial growth of R. lignosus up to 71.6%. Highets inhibition of 100% was demonstrated by oligochitosan at concentration of 8 g/l and 10 g/l. The thinning of mycelial growth on the toothpick and microscopic observation demonstrated that the mycelial of R. lignosus were became lysis.Keywords: Antifungal, Food poisonous, Mycelial growth, LysisAbstrakPenyakit Jamur Akar Putih (JAP) yang disebabkan oleh jamur Rigidoporus lignosus (Klotzch) Imazeki merupakan penyakit penting yang menyerang tanaman cengkeh dan bahkan dapat mengakibatkan kematian tanaman. Pengaruh negatif dari penggunaan fungisida mendorong dilakukan pencarian alternatif pengendalian baru yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Oligochitosan merupakan senyawa alami yang mempunyai aktivitas anti jamur dan dapat digunakan sebagai pestisida nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi oligochitosan yang dapat secara efektif menghambat pertumbuhan jamur R. lignosus dan mengetahui pengaruh oligochitosan terhadap miselia jamur R. lignosus. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan terdiri dari 5 konsentrasi oligochitosan (2 g/l, 4 g/l, 6 g/l, 8 g/l dan 10 g/l) dan kontrol (tanpa oligochitosan). Oligochitosan dilarutan dalam air dan dicampur dengan PDA sehingga diperoleh konsentrasi yang diuji. Konsentrasi yang sama juga digunakan untuk merendam tusuk gigi selama 1 menit dan diinkubasikan dalam cawan petri yang sebelumnya sudah ditumbuhi oleh R. lignosus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa oligochitosan pada konsentrasi 6 g/l menghambat pertumbuhan jamur R. lignosus sebesar 71,6%. Sementara penghambatan tertinggi sebesar 100% diperoleh pada perlakuan oligochitosan dengan konsentrasi8 g/l dan 10 g/l. Penipisan koloni jamur R. lignosus pada tusuk gigi dan pengamatan di bawahmikroskop menunjukkan bahwa oligochitosan menyebabkan lisis pada miselia jamur R. lignosus.Kata kunci: Anti jamur, Umpan beracun, Pertumbuhan koloni, Lisis


Author(s):  
Safaa Neamat Hussein

This study aimed to isolate the causal agent of the root rot disease of cucumber and control it biologically. Samples were collected in the cucumber fields in the Diyala and Saladin governorates of Iraq. Isolation test demonstrated associate fungi belong to the twelve geniuses. Fusarium solani exhibited highly percentage of appearance of 82.15% with frequency 54.00%. Seventy-seven isolates identified as F. solani according to their cultural and morphological characteristics while sixty-five isolates of them amplified successfully with specific primer of Fusarium spp using PCR technique. Isolate DF13 was most virulent isolated while exhibited 0% cucumber seed germination in vitro. The bio-agent Bacillus pumilus demonstrated significant inhibition ability against the fungal isolate DF13 in vitro of 100%. Under greenhouse condition B. pumilus decreased the disease incidence and severity to 30.55% and 20.75% respectively compared to the negative control which was 80.50%, 55.00% respectively.


Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Milan Panth ◽  
Anthony Witcher ◽  
Fulya Baysal-Gurel

Management of plant diseases is a subject of concern for researchers as well as growers. Different management practices are being developed and used to combat the rising number of plant pathogens, which threaten nursery crop production. Use of cover crops for sustainable management of soilborne diseases is being explored as an alternative strategy to the chemicals. However, the potential threat of these cover crops acting as a secondary host of these devastating soilborne pathogens has not been described. We studied the response of the major cover crops being used by woody ornamental growers in the Southeastern United States to Phytopythium vexans, Phytophthora nicotianae, and Rhizoctonia solani in greenhouse conditions to identify the effective cover crops that can be used in a nursery field production system. Data related to post-emergence damping-off and plant growth parameters (plant height increase and fresh weight) were recorded. Similarly, cover crop roots were assessed for root rot disease severity using a scale of 0–100% roots affected. Among the tested cover crops, the grass cover crops triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus.), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), Japanese millet (Echinochloa esculenta (A. Braun) H. Scholz), and the legumes Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum var. arvense (L.) Poir) and cowpea ‘Iron and Clay’ (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), showed lower root rot disease severity and post-emergence damping-off in the soil inoculated with P. nicotianae, R. solani, or P. vexans compared to the other crops. Since these cover crops can act as non-host crops and benefit the main crop in one way or another, they can be used in the production system. Further research is recommended to evaluate their performance in a natural field setting.


2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hammad Abdelwanees Ketta ◽  
Omar Abd El-Raouf Hewedy

Abstract Background Root rot pathogens reported to cause considerable losses in both the quality and productivity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.). It is an aggressive crop disease with detriment economic influence caused by Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani among other soil-borne fungal pathogens. Destructive plant diseases such as root rot have been managed in the last decades using synthetic pesticides. Main body Seeking of economical and eco-friendly alternatives to combat aggressive soil-borne fungal pathogens that cause significant yield losses is urgently needed. Trichoderma emerged as promising antagonist that inhibits pathogens including those inducing root rot disease. Detailed studies for managing common bean and pea root rot disease using different Trichoderma species (T. harzianum, T. hamatum, T. viride, T. koningii, T. asperellum, T. atroviridae, T. lignorum, T. virens, T. longibrachiatum, T. cerinum, and T. album) were reported both in vitro and in vivo with promotion of plant growth and induction of systemic defense. The wide scale application of selected metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. to induce host resistance and/or to promote crop yield, may represent a powerful tool for the implementation of integrated pest management strategies. Conclusions Biological management of common bean and pea root rot-inducing pathogens using various species of the Trichoderma fungus might have taken place during the recent years. Trichoderma species and their secondary metabolites are useful in the development of protection against root rot to bestow high-yielding common bean and pea crops.


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