Alterations in plasma sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) during different days of pre-pubertal male and female black Bengal kids

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Shagufta Perveen ◽  
Pradip Kumar Das ◽  
Prabal Ranjan Ghosh ◽  
Dipak Banerjee ◽  
Joydip Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Male And Female

Modulation of arginine vasotocin secretion in chicks by dehydration during embryogenesis

1994 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Kisliuk ◽  
R Grossmann
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
White Leghorn ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
White Leghorn Chicken ◽  
Low Humidity

Abstract The influence of low humidity during incubation (LHI) on arginine vasotocin (AVT) secretion in male and female White Leghorn chicken embryos and chicks was investigated. LHI embryos were incubated from day 8 (E8) to E18 at a relative humidity of 32–35%, while control embryos were incubated at 58–62%. In the control groups, plasma AVT gradually increased from E15 to E18, increased sharply during hatching and returned to the El8 level within 4 h. LHI did not alter the level of AVT until E18. LHI E19 males had concentrations of AVT twice as high as those of control males (39 ± 3·9 vs 15 ± 1·6 pmol/l, P<0·001). Augmentation persisted during hatching and 4 h afterwards. In LHI females additional elevation reached significant levels only at 4 h after hatching (58 ± 13 vs 16 ± 1·7 pmol/l, P<0·01). Deprivation of water caused an increase in plasma sodium concentrations in the 2-day-old chicks of the control groups, while no significant changes were observed in the LHI group. Deprivation of water together with a high environmental temperature caused an additional increase in AVT only in the LHI groups (42 ± 5·2 vs 22 ± 3·9 pmol/l, P<0·01 for males; 32 ± 3·4 vs 19 ± 2·8 pmol/l, P<0·01 for females). The results clearly showed that LHI leads to a more pronounced response of the AVT system on subsequent osmotic and non-osmotic challenges, especially in males. Embryonal activation of the AVT system probably helps the organism to cope with hatching and posthatching stresses. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 142, 153–160

Prolactin Cell Cytology, Plasma Electrolytes, and Whole-Body Sodium Efflux in Acid-Stressed Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1212-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Fryer ◽  
W. H. Tam ◽  
B. Valentine ◽  
R. E. Tikkala
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Acid Exposure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Prolactin Cells ◽  
Sodium Efflux ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Prolactin Cell ◽  
Body Sodium

Twelve-month-old brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) of both sexes were exposed to acidified water (pH 4 5) for a period of 52 d. Ultrastructural morphometric studies of the prolactin cells of the pituitaries of acid-stressed female trout revealed a reduction, after a latent period of about 1 wk, in prolactin cell area, cytoplasmic area and nuclear area which gradually recovered to control values by day 52 of acid exposure. In both male and female trout, acid exposure resulted in significant decreases in plasma osmolarity, and plasma sodium, which gradually returned to control values by day 52 of the study. Total plasma calcium was not altered by acid exposure in either male or female trout. For both male and female trout, acid exposure resulted in transient elevations in haematocrit and a prolonged suppression of blood pH. The whole-body sodium efflux for trout introduced into dechlorinated tap water or distilled water was significantly greater at pH 4.5 than at pH 7.35. Possible relationships between the acid-induced inhibition of the secretory activity of the prolactin cells and impairments in osmotic and ionic regulation observed in acid-stressed trout are discussed.

The Clinical, Roentgenological and Morphological Effects of an Acute Exposure of Phosgene on the Lungs of Dogs

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
R. F. Bils ◽  
W. F. Diller ◽  
F. Huth
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

Ultrastructural investigation of spontaneous pituitary gonadotroph cell adenomas in aging Sprague-Dawley rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 702-703
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reticulin Fibers ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Gonadotroph cell adenomas of the pituitary are infrequent in human patients and are not invariably associated with altered gonadal function. To date, no animal model of this tumor type exists. Herein, we describe spontaneous gonadotroph cell adenomas in old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by histology, immunocytology and electron microscopy.The material consisted of the pituitaries of 27 male and 38 female Sprague Dawley rats, all 26 months of age or older, removed at routine autopsy. Sections of formal in-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained with hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron (HPS), the PAS method and the Gordon-Sweet technique for the demonstration of reticulin fibers. For immunostaining, sections were exposed to anti-rat β-LH, anti-ratβ-TSH, anti-rat PRL, anti-rat GH and anti-rat ACTH 1-39. For electron microscopy, tissue was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% OsO4 and embedded in epoxy-resin. Tissue fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in epoxy resin without osmification, was used for immunoelectron microscopy.

Quantitative ultrastructural reconstruction of small regions within large volumes by correlative light and high voltage electron microscopy of serial 0.25-0.50 μm sections

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 578-581
Author(s):  
Conly L. Rieder ◽  
Frederick J. Miller ◽  
Edwin Davison ◽  
Samuel S. Bowser ◽  
Kirsten Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Meiotic Spindle ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Differential Stability ◽  
Sperm Aster

In this abstract we Illustrate how same-section correlative light and high voltage electron microscopy (HVEM) of serial 0.25-0.50-μm sections can answer questions which are difficult to approach by EM of 60-100 nm sections.Starfish (Pisaster and Asterlas) eggs are fertilized at meiosis I when the oocyte contains two maternal centrosomes (e.g., asters) which form the poles of the first meiotic spindle. Immediately after fertilization a sperm aster is assembled in the vicinity of the male pronucleus and persists throughout meiosis. At syngamy the sperm aster splits to form the poles of the first mitotic spindle. During this time the functional and replicative properties of the maternal centrosome, inherited from the last meiotic division, are lost. The basis for this differential stability, of male and female centrosomes in the same cytoplasm, is a mystery.

A Tape Striation Counting Method for Determining Fundamental Frequency

1979 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter B. Mueller ◽  
Marla Adams ◽  
Jean Baehr-Rouse ◽  
Debbie Boos
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies ◽  
Counting Procedure ◽  
Female Subjects

Mean fundamental frequencies of male and female subjects obtained with FLORIDA I and a tape striation counting procedure were compared. The fundamental frequencies obtained with these two methods were similar and it appears that the tape striation counting procedure is a viable, simple, and inexpensive alternative to more costly and complicated procedures and instrumentation.

Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Naturalness in Speakers of Varying Gender Identities

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 2054-2069
Author(s):  
Brandon Merritt ◽  
Tessa Bent
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Rating Task ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Identification Task ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Speech Training ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Speech Naturalness

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate how speech naturalness relates to masculinity–femininity and gender identification (accuracy and reaction time) for cisgender male and female speakers as well as transmasculine and transfeminine speakers. Method Stimuli included spontaneous speech samples from 20 speakers who are transgender (10 transmasculine and 10 transfeminine) and 20 speakers who are cisgender (10 male and 10 female). Fifty-two listeners completed three tasks: a two-alternative forced-choice gender identification task, a speech naturalness rating task, and a masculinity/femininity rating task. Results Transfeminine and transmasculine speakers were rated as significantly less natural sounding than cisgender speakers. Speakers rated as less natural took longer to identify and were identified less accurately in the gender identification task; furthermore, they were rated as less prototypically masculine/feminine. Conclusions Perceptual speech naturalness for both transfeminine and transmasculine speakers is strongly associated with gender cues in spontaneous speech. Training to align a speaker's voice with their gender identity may concurrently improve perceptual speech naturalness. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12543158

Erratum: Hearing Levels among Elderly Nursing Home Residents

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Schow ◽  
Michael A. Nerbonne
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Male And Female

In the February 1980 issue of this journal, the report by Ronald L. Schow and Michael A. Nerbonne ("Hearing Levels Among Elderly Nursing Home Residents") contains an error. On page 128, the labels "Male" and "Female" in Table 2 should be reversed.

Items’ Cross-Category Associations as a Confounding Factor in the Implicit Association Test

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie C. Steffens ◽  
Inga Plewe
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Association Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reaction Time Difference ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Degree Of Association

Abstract. The introduction of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998 ) has stimulated numerous research activities. The IAT is supposed to measure the degree of association between concepts. Instances have to be assigned to these concepts by pressing appropriate keys as quickly as possible. The reaction time difference between certain conditions, termed the IAT effect, is used as an indicator of the degree of the concepts’ association. We tested the hypothesis that the degree of association between one concept (or category) and the instances of the other presented concept also influences reaction times. In our experiment, the instances in the target categories, male and female names, were kept constant. The adjectives in the evaluative categories were manipulated: Either the pleasant adjectives were female-associated and the unpleasant adjectives were male-associated, or vice versa. These stereotypic associations were indeed found to exert a substantial influence on the size of the IAT effect. This finding casts doubt on the assumption that the IAT effect may be interpreted as a pure measure of the degree of association between concepts.

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