scholarly journals Is social capital a useful conceptual tool for exploring community level influences on HIV infection? An exploratory case study from South Africa

AIDS Care ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Campbell ◽  
B. Williams ◽  
D. Gilgen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
Exploratory Case Study

Towards Enhancing Migrant Social Entrepreneurship Through Social Capital in Durban, South Africa

2022 ◽  
pp. 71-95
Author(s):  
Ndwakhulu Stephen Tshishonga
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Migrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
Police Protection

This chapter interrogates the notion of social capital and its potential impact on enhancing or undermining the socio-economic efforts by migrants in Durban, South Africa. Tshishonga argues that it is through entrepreneurship that entrepreneurs transform their innovative and creative ideas into business enterprises and job creation. This chapter is concerned about migrant social entrepreneurial endevours as a source of livelihoods within the informal economic sector. Informal businesses initiated by migrants have proven to be successful and sustainable compared to that of the locals. Despite the challenges faced by migrant entrepreneurs such as financial deficit, xenophobia, anti-foreign policies, victimization, violence, and harassment absence of police protection, etc., these enterprises thrive. This chapter employs a case study method where 15 African immigrant entrepreneurs were targeted to determine how social capital is used to expand and sustain their businesses.

scholarly journals Individual and community-level benefits of PrEP in western Kenya and South Africa: Implications for population prioritization of PrEP provision

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244761
Author(s):  
Edinah Mudimu ◽  
Kathryn Peebles ◽  
Zindoga Mukandavire ◽  
Emily Nightingale ◽  
Monisha Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
Over Time

Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in preventing HIV and has the potential to significantly impact the HIV epidemic. Given limited resources for HIV prevention, identifying PrEP provision strategies that maximize impact is critical. Methods We used a stochastic individual-based network model to evaluate the direct (infections prevented among PrEP users) and indirect (infections prevented among non-PrEP users as a result of PrEP) benefits of PrEP, the person-years of PrEP required to prevent one HIV infection, and the community-level impact of providing PrEP to populations defined by gender and age in western Kenya and South Africa. We examined sensitivity of results to scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) by comparing two scenarios: maintaining current coverage (“status quo”) and rapid scale-up to meet programmatic targets (“fast-track”). Results The community-level impact of PrEP was greatest among women aged 15–24 due to high incidence, while PrEP use among men aged 15–24 yielded the highest proportion of indirect infections prevented in the community. These indirect infections prevented continue to increase over time (western Kenya: 0.4–5.5 (status quo); 0.4–4.9 (fast-track); South Africa: 0.5–1.8 (status quo); 0.5–3.0 (fast-track)) relative to direct infections prevented among PrEP users. The number of person-years of PrEP needed to prevent one HIV infection was lower (59 western Kenya and 69 in South Africa in the status quo scenario; 201 western Kenya and 87 in South Africa in the fast-track scenario) when PrEP was provided only to women compared with only to men over time horizons of up to 5 years, as the indirect benefits of providing PrEP to men accrue in later years. Conclusions Providing PrEP to women aged 15–24 prevents the greatest number of HIV infections per person-year of PrEP, but PrEP provision for young men also provides indirect benefits to women and to the community overall. This finding supports existing policies that prioritize PrEP use for young women, while also illuminating the community-level benefits of PrEP availability for men when resources permit.

SOCIAL CAPITAL AND SMES: AN EXPLORATORY CASE STUDY

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Massimo Ciambotti ◽  
Federica Palazzi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Exploratory Case Study

scholarly journals THE PRESENCE AND INSINUATION OF SOCIAL CANCER AMONG SEA INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN MALAYSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-94
Author(s):  
W. A. Amir Zal
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Exploratory Case Study ◽  
Community Capital ◽  
The Social

Background and Purpose: Disturbances that hinder community development affect social capital. I refer to such disturbances as social cancer. This article aims at explaining the existence of social cancers, their typologies, and implications for Sea Indigenous People’s community development through economic activities.   Methodology: This exploratory case study involved 12 Sea Indigenous People in Johor, Malaysia. Data obtained through interviews were analysed using a thematic approach.   Findings: The findings revealed four types of social cancer in the community’s economic activities: 1) jealousy, 2) prejudice, 3) slander, and 4) defamation. Those social cancers had direct impacts on community development, specifically forming sabotage actions, negligence in using community capital, reducing community cohesiveness, causing a decline in the production of social innovation, and the existence of a hanging community and the death of the community.   Contributions: This study calls for a self-realisation mechanism to be introduced to community members so that their capacity for social capital can be developed to overcome the social cancer. Keywords: Community development, self-realisation mechanism, social cancer, social capital.   Cite as: Amir Zal, W. A. (2021). The presence and insinuation of social cancer among sea indigenous people in Malaysia.  Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 73-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp73-94

scholarly journals COMMUNITY-LEVEL SOCIAL CAPITAL AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN FIVE LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S818-S818
Author(s):  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Nan Lu ◽  
Bei Wu
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Community Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract This study aims to investigate which community social capital components are associated with a higher likelihood of cognitive functions across economically and culturally distinctive low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We used cross-sectional survey data from the World Health Organization’s Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) 2007-2010. Associations between community-level social capital indicators and global cognitive scores were examined using ordinary least squares regressions and random-effects meta-analyses. The pooled analysis and meta-analyses of within-country effects indicated that trust in neighbors and coworkers were positively associated with cognitive functions for all these countries, whereas the significant effect of perceived neighborhood safety was only found in South Africa and China. Community participation approached a null effect only in South Africa. This finding explains how community social capital may contribute to better cognitive function through community environments, heath systems, and availability of public resources.

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