Land Banks' Impact on Agrarian Reform and Equitable Land Redistribution

<p>Agrarian Reform and Land Redistribution have been pursued by the government in various ways. Still, the key question is whether establishing a Land Bank will result in a fair redistribution of land. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of land banks on agrarian reform and equitable land redistribution following the passage of the Job Creation Act. The findings revealed that the land bank only has a few abandoned lands that are not held by the state, which will be used by the form based on public interest and subsequently handed to the community. The existence of a land bank is a government endeavor to offer land for the public good and for persons who require it.</p>

IMPORT SUBSTITUTION OF SEEDS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KALININGRAD REGION

In the 90s of the last century, the existing seed production system was headed by the Kaliningrad Agricultural Experimental Station (now the Kaliningrad Research Institute of Agriculture) and about 50 specialized seed farms. In the course of the agrarian reform being carried out at that time and as the state and collective farms were reorganized into LLPs, JSCs, etc. the destruction of the existing seed production system took place. The author conducts a systematic analysis of the current situation and proposes import substitution of fodder seeds using the example of the Kaliningrad region.

Menyoal Praktik Kebijakan Reforma Agraria di Kawasan Hutan

The Agrarian Reform (RA) policy, especially land redistribution from the release forest areas, is considered slow. This was caused by several problems in the field, namely: leadership, institutions, regulations, and RA subjects-objects. Effective strategies to implement RA at central and regional levels has not been found, particularly on leadership and coordination between sectors at site level. This study is presented in the form of a policy forum by closely reviewing findings and solutions to RA practices in forest areas. Analysis, reduction, and interpretation of qualitative data were carried out to draw conclusions on real practices of RA at site level in the last three years. At macro level, the authors' findings confirm that the practice of RA experiences a fairly systematic problem due to the weakness of key actors controlling the implementation of RA, the ineffectiveness of the established institutions, and different interpretations of regulations impacted on the differences in understanding RA objects in the field. These findings emphasized that, resoundingly, strategic program of RA has not yet become a common agenda to be implemented in the framework of creating justice and welfare for the entitled people. Keyword: Agrarian reform policy, PPTKH, GTRA, TORA, release of forest area Abstrak: Kebijakan Reforma Agraria (RA) khususnya redistribusi tanah dari objek pelepasan kawasan hutan dianggap lambat. Pelambatan tersebut disebabkan karena beberapa problem di lapangan, yakni: kepemimpinan, kelembagaan, regulasi, dan objek-subjek RA. Sampai saat ini, belum ditemukan cara yang efektif untuk menjalankan tata kelola RA di level pusat dan daerah, khususnya kepemimpinan dan koordinasi antarsektor di level tapak. Kajian ini dimaksudkan untuk memetakan problem dan menawarkan solusi dengan basis observasi dan studi di lapangan selama tiga tahun terakhir (2018-2020). Studi ini disajikan dalam bentuk policy forum dengan me-review secara padat temuan-temuan dan solusi atas praktik RA di kawasan hutan. Analisis, reduksi, dan tafsir atas data-data kualitatif dilakukan untuk menarik kesimpulan, bagaimana sesungguhnya praktik RA di level tapak dalam tiga tahun terakhir. Secara makro, temuan penulis mengkonfirmasi bahwa praktik RA mengalami problem yang cukup sistematis akibat lemahnya aktor-aktor kunci pemegang kendali RA, tidak efektifnya kelembagaan yang dibentuk, dan perbedaan tafsir atas regulasi yang berdampak pada perbedaan pemahaman atas objek RA di lapangan. Berbekal temuan tersebut, secara meyakinkan program strategis RA belum menjadi agenda bersama untuk dijalankan dalam kerangka menciptakan keadilan dan kesejahteraan untuk masyarakat yang berhak. Kata Kunci: Kebijakan RA, PPTKH, GTRA, TORA, Pelepasan Kawasan Hutan

Reforma Agraria sebagai Jalan menuju Perdamaian yang Berkelanjutan di Aceh

The signing of the Helsinki Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in 2005 marked the end of the Indonesian government's decades-long conflict with the Free Aceh Movement. One of the deals in the Helsinki MoU is to provide farming land to former combatants, amnestied political prisoners, and conflict victims as a form of reintegration and livelihood restoration. However, this activity did not run effectively for a dozen years after the peace deal due to the absence of regulations and authorities in its implementation. Based on this background, this paper examines the role of Agrarian Reform on the policy of agricultural land provision to the people related to the Aceh conflict. This research used a qualitative approach, and relied on observational data and literature review. Agrarian Reform can be an alternative strategy for post-conflict peacebuilding. The concept of asset reform and access reform offered in the Agrarian Reform can be adopted to realize the allocation of agricultural land by the mandate of the Helsinki MoU. The main problems found so far are that there is no regulation regarding the granting of land rights in the law, authority, and several obstacles in its implementation. This paper also provides a crucial lesson that proper agrarian policy contributes to the prevention of recurring conflicts that have the potential to cause national disintegration. Keywords: Agrarian Reform, Free Aceh Movement, Helsinki MoU, Land Redistribution, Peacebuilding Intisari : Penandatanganan Momerandum of Understanding (MoU) Helsinki pada tahun 2005 menandai berakhirnya konflik pemerintah Indonesia dengan Gerakan Aceh Merdeka selama beberapa dekade. Salah satu kesepakatan di dalam MoU Helsinki adalah menyediakan tanah pertanian kepada mantan kombatan, tahanan politik yang memperoleh amnesti, dan korban konflik sebagai bentuk reintegrasi dan pemulihan penghidupan. Namun, kegiatan ini tidak berjalan secara efektif selama belasan tahun setelah perjanjian damai karena belum adanya regulasi dan kewenangan dalam pelaksanaannya. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, tulisan ini mengkaji peran Reforma Agraria terhadap kebijakan penyediaan tanah pertanian untuk masyarakat yang berkaitan dengan konflik Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, serta mengandalkan data observasi dan tinjauan literatur. Reforma Agraria dapat menjadi strategi alternatif pembangunan perdamaian pasca-konflik. Konsep penataan aset dan penataan akses yang ditawarkan di dalam Reforma Agraria dapat diadopsi untuk merealisasikan alokasi tanah pertanian sesuai amanah MoU Helsinki. Permasalahan-permasalahan utama yang ditemukan selama ini adalah belum adanya pengaturan mengenai pemberian hak atas tanah tersebut di dalam peraturan perundang-undangan, kewenangan, dan sejumlah hambatan dalam pelaksanaannya. Tulisan ini juga memberikan pelajaran penting bahwa kebijakan agraria yang tepat dapat berkontribusi terhadap pencegahan konflik berulang yang dapat berpotensi menyebabkan disintegrasi bangsa. Kata Kunci: Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, MoU Helsinki, Pembangunan Perdamaian, Redistribusi Tanah, Reforma Agraria

AGRARIAN REFORM AT SIGI REGENCY OF CENTRAL SULAWESI: BETWEEN HOPE AND REALITY

The determination of conservation areas without providing a solution overcoming the poverty of society has led to conflict between society and the state. Therefore, Sigi Regency Government-run programs Agrarian Reform in 2016 to reduce poverty and the rare arable land of the community in the area. This study aims to examine the implementation of Agrarian Reform in Sigi, in the perspective of law and human rights. This study applied a qualitative descriptive method by conducting interviews with informants from various sources. The results of this study indicated that there are discrepancies between the regulations and the implementation of agrarian reform in this area, considering the Perpu Number 56, 1960 about the determination of the vast farmland and Government Regulation Number 224, 1961 on the implementation of distribution of land and reparation, as implementing regulations and Presidential Decree Number 86, 2018 of Agrarian Reform. According to the rules of agrarian reform was the distribution of land to the community, as well as eliminating the inequality of land ownership and not solely land certificates. The priority of the recipient of the land was a community that has a land area of less than 0.5 hectares and extensive land in government given aim was an area of 2 hectares. The facts found in Sigi Regency were a free certification for people who already have the land instead of the distribution of land to the people in accordance with the Agrarian Reform, so the programs were conducted in Sigi was not the Agrarian Reform.