Internalisation of Salmonella spp. by Typha latifolia and Cyperus papyrus in vitro and implications for pathogen removal in Constructed Wetlands

Psathyrella typhae (Kalchbr.) Pearson & Dennis forms small basidiomata (mushrooms) and Sclerotium hydrophilum Saccardo in Rothert numerous minute sclerotia at the base of senescent shoots of Typha latifolia L. To assess how the two might compete in nature, isolates of these fungi were paired on autoclaved leaf segments of T. latifolia and incubated at 15 and 25 °C. The relative abundance of each species in the segments was determined by macerating the leaf tissues and then transferring fragments of macerate to microplates containing two types of media: one conclusively demonstrated the presence of P. typhae while the other demonstrated the presence of S. hydrophilum. Relative numbers of microplate wells showing positive reactions for each species on each medium indicated the proportion of the segment occupied following single and paired inoculations. These data demonstrated that competition was asymmetric, with P. typhae the stronger competitor at both temperatures, and uninhibited by the presence of S. hydrophilum. In contrast, S. hydrophilum was competitively excluded by P. typhae.

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Impact of Different Carbon Sources on the in vitro Growth and Viability of Escherichia coli (SUBE01) and Salmonella spp. (SUBS01) Cells

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v32i0.28476 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

Ifra Tun Nur ◽

Jannatun Tahera ◽

Md Sakil Munna ◽

M Majibur Rahman ◽

Rashed Noor

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Bacterial Growth ◽

Culture Media ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Luria Bertani ◽

Tween 20 ◽

Salmonella Spp

With a previous observation of Escherichia coli growth cessation along with temperature variation within three different bacteriological culture media (nutrient agar, Luria-Bertani agar and minimal agar), current investigation further depicted on the possible growth dynamics of Escherichia coli (SUBE01) and Salmonella (SUBS01) growth and viability upon supplementation of different carbon sources (dextrose, sucrose, lactose, glycerol and tween 20) at 37°C under the aeration of 100 rpm. Viability of the tested bacterial species was assessed through the enumeration of the colony forming unit (cfu) appeared upon prescribed incubation for 12-24 hours on different agar plates consisting of the above mentioned carbon sources. Besides, to inspect the cellular phenotypic changes, morphological observations were conducted under the light microscope. Variations in bacterial growth (either growth acceleration or cessation) were further noticed through the spot tests on the agar plates. Considerable shortfalls in the culturable cells of E. coli and Salmonella spp. were noted in the minimal media separately consisting of sucrose, lactose, glycerol or tween 20 while an opposite impact of accelerated growth was noticed in the media supplied with dextrose. The data revealed a hierarchy of consequence of carbon sources as nutrient generators whereby the favourable bacterial growth and survival order of the carbon sources was estimated as dextrose > glycerol > lactose > tween 20 > sucrose.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 32, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2015, pp 39-44

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Pathogen Removal in Constructed Wetlands

Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment ◽

10.1201/9781003069850-40 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 431-445

Author(s):

Richard M. Gersberg ◽

R. A. Gearheart ◽

Mike Ives

Keyword(s):

Constructed Wetlands ◽

Pathogen Removal

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In vitro antimicrobial activity of mexican plants on bovine mastitis bacteria: preliminary studies

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n1a2020-42137 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mariana Macías Alonso ◽

Julio C. López Salazar ◽

Soraya Osegueda Robles ◽

Iván Córdova Guerrero ◽

Fernanda Ledezma García ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Low Cost ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Shigella Spp ◽

In Vitro Antibacterial Activity

The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of traditionally used antibacterial plants (Euphorbia prostrata, Schinus molle, Brickellia veronicaefolia and Lepidium virginicum) in Santa Rosa Range in Guanajuato against major mastitis-causing pathogens. The selected plants were phytochemically screened for alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, anthraquinone, cardiac glycosides, steroids and terpenoids. Moreover, to achieve the main purpose of the present research, extracts of selected plants were tested for in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Shigella spp., Bacillus subtilis, Clavibacter spp., Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella spp. All these bacterial were isolated from clinical mastitis in dairy cows. The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of the aerial part of L. virginicum exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity, and it could be potential candidate specie for the development of novel veterinary drugs with low cost and fewer side effects.

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Detection of invA and blaCTM-genes in Salmonella spp isolated from febrile patients in Lagos hospitals, Nigeria

German Journal of Microbiology - Special Issue: Existence Battle: Viruses vs. Creatures ◽

10.51585/gjm.2021.3.0008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Kabiru O. Akinyemi ◽

Christopher O. Fakorede ◽

Rebecca O. Abegunrin ◽

Samuel O. Ajoseh ◽

Abdul-Azeez A. Anjorin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Unknown Origin ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Gene Markers ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

Inva Gene ◽

Salmonella Infections ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Salmonella infections remain a global challenge. The culture method is the gold standard for the detection of genus Salmonella. Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has become an effective tool for the detection of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. This study investigated the prevalence of Salmonella by culture and detection of invA gene and blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M-3 gene markers by PCR. A total of 612 blood samples were collected from hospitalized febrile patients between March 2020 and April 2021. The samples were cultured, isolates identified by standard method with Analytical Profile Index (API 20-E) kits and were subjected to in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) using disk diffusion method. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) detection was carried out by double-disc synergy test. Detection of invA gene and antibiotic-resistant genes makers was done by qPCR. A total of 24 Salmonella isolates were identified given a prevalence of 3.9% Salmonella-associated bacteraemia. Children within 1-10 years with persistent pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) accounted for 50% of the Salmonella isolated with a mean age of 5.299 years. Specifically, 75% (18/24) Salmonella isolates and their corresponding samples of positive Salmonella culture were positive for the invA gene. The AST results indicated 100% Salmonella isolates developed resistance to ceftazidime, cefotaxime , augmentin, ampicillin, ertapenem, and doripenem. None of drug resistant-Salmonella isolates expressed ESBL enzyme phenotypically. Seven resistance patterns were observed, and the pattern CAZ-CTX-OFL-AUG-NIT-AMP-ETR-DOR was the most encountered pattern. Twelve (50%) Salmonella isolates harbored the blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M-3 genes and were mostly from children. The study has added to the growing knowledge on the suitability of the invA gene primer set as a PCR target for the detection of Salmonella. It also revealed a paradigm shift in the occurrence of invasive Salmonella harboring blaCTX-M and blaCTX-M-3 genes in PUO cases. There is a need for judicious use of cephalosporin and carbapenem antibiotics to preserve their efficacies.

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Substrate effect on bacterial communities from constructed wetlands planted with Typha latifolia treating industrial wastewater

Ecological Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.11.010 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 744-753 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Cristina S.C. Calheiros ◽

Anouk F. Duque ◽

Alexandra Moura ◽

Isabel S. Henriques ◽

António Correia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Constructed Wetlands ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Industrial Wastewater ◽

Typha Latifolia ◽

Substrate Effect

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In Vitro Activity of Tosufloxacin against Pseudomonas pseudomallei, Salmonella spp. and Other Enterobacteriaceae

Drugs ◽

10.2165/00003495-199500492-00062 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 49 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. 260

Author(s):

S. Srimuang ◽

V. Fugpholngam ◽

K. Asvanich ◽

A. Chongchitmate ◽

D. Tanphaichitra

Keyword(s):

Vitro Activity ◽

In Vitro Activity ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Pseudomonas Pseudomallei

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In-vitro and in-vivo antibacterial effect of Croton lobatus Linnaeus L. on two days post surgical wounds in rats

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research ◽

10.3329/bjsir.v54i2.41670 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 139-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MA Kilani ◽

AZ Hassan ◽

ST Fadason ◽

AM Obalowu ◽

A Aliyu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Wounds ◽

Water Extract ◽

Dorsal Surface ◽

Physiological Saline ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Albino Rat ◽

Physiological Saline Solution ◽

Antimicrobial Assay

Phytochemical constituents of Croton lobatus L. (C. lobatus) water extracts and quantitative analysis were carried out following standard procedures. The antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 33591); Streptococcus Spp; Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9028); Proteus vulgaris; Escherichia coli (ATCC 43895); and Salmonella Spp (ATCC 4932) was carried out at the concentration of 0.5g/mL, 0.05 g/mL and 0.00 5g/mL of water. In vivo antimicrobial assay was carried out by creating four wounds of 0.5 by 0.5 cm on dorsal surface of a male albino rat under anesthesia. The wounds were left for 48 hrs, after which they were accessed and samples were collected for culture, identification and colony forming unit counts (CFU). Respective treatment using dried C. lobatus, C. lobatus (water extract), Physiological saline solution and Cicatrin powder was carried out and samples were collected at day one, three, five and seven after initiation of treatments for CFU counts on nutrient and MacConkey agar. The phytochemical studies revealed that C. lobatus contains carbohydrates, glycoside, saponins, steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins. Croton lobatus L. showed a dose dependent activity against micro organisms with C. lobatus 0.5 inhibited the growth of most bacteria at the zone of inhibition ≤ 21mm. This was also supported by in vivo antimicrobial assay. Secondary metabolite tannins, triterpenoids, flavonoids, crotonic acids and saponin were responsible for its antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms thereby supporting its usage by the traditional medicine practitioner in Nigeria to treat chronic wounds. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.54(2), 139-146, 2019

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