The effects of helicopter applied adulticides for riverine Tsetse control onSimuliumpopulations in a West African savanna habitat. III. conclusions: The possible role of adulticiding in onchocerciasis control in West Africa

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Davies ◽  
J. F. Walsh ◽  
D. A. T. Baldry ◽  
C. Bellec
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
West African ◽  
African Savanna ◽  
Tsetse Control ◽  
Onchocerciasis Control

scholarly journals Promoting research to improve maternal, neonatal, infant and adolescent health in West Africa: the role of the West African Health Organisation

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Issiaka Sombie ◽  
Aissa Bouwayé ◽  
Yves Mongbo ◽  
Namoudou Keita ◽  
Virgil Lokossou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Adolescent Health ◽  
West African ◽  
The West ◽  
African Health

English in West Africa

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Gut
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
West African ◽  
The Other ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The West ◽  
Current Role ◽  
British Colonization

This chapter describes the history, role, and structural properties of English in the West African countries the Gambia, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana, Nigeria, the anglophone part of Cameroon, and the island of Saint Helena. It provides an overview of the historical phases of trading contact, British colonization and missionary activities and describes the current role of English in these multilingual countries. Further, it outlines the commonalities and differences in the vocabulary, phonology, morphology, and syntax of the varieties of English spoken in anglophone West Africa. It shows that Liberian Settler English and Saint Helenian English have distinct phonological and morphosyntactic features compared to the other West African Englishes. While some phonological areal features shared by several West African Englishes can be identified, an areal profile does not seem to exist on the level of morphosyntax.

Bureaucrats and the Senegalese Political Process

1971 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
'Ladipo Adamolekun
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Political Process ◽  
West African ◽  
Military Rule ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Military Regimes ◽  
The Military

While independence in West Africa focused academic attention on political parties, the proliferation of military régimes in the late 1960s– by 1970, seven West African countries had experienced military rule — brought two other institutions into prominence: the military and civil bureaucracies. This article seeks to throw some light on the place of the civil bureaucracy in Senegal through a study of the role of bureaucrats in the country's political process.

scholarly journals The importance of adolescent girls and “epidemic gearing” on HIV prevalence across West Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly J Prudden ◽  
Zindoga Mukandavire ◽  
Marelize Gorgens ◽  
David Wilson ◽  
Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
West African ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Sexually Active ◽  
Female Population

AbstractBackgroundIn West Africa HIV prevalence varies between 0.1-6% in female and between 0.1-4% in the male general population. Male circumcision is almost universal, and it is unclear what drives this variation. We use mathematical modelling to identify the determinants of this variation across fourteen West African countries.MethodsWe developed a novel dynamic model of HIV transmission between population cohorts of female sex workers (FSWs), their clients, females with 2+ partners in the past year and other sexually active women and men in the general population. Parameter ranges were determined from the literature and sampled using Latin Hypercube sampling to identify parameter sets that fit West African HIV prevalence data. Partial-rank correlation coefficients between different model parameters and the HIV prevalence in general male and female population across 14 countries were calculated to determine to most significantly correlated model parameters to HIV prevalence.ResultsThe key determinant of HIV in females when prevalence is between 0-3% is the size of the brothel and non-brothel FSW groups. When female HIV prevalence >3%, the percentage of sexually active adolescent females with 2+ partners has greater influence on HIV prevalence. The size of the FSW groups has the most significant impact on HIV prevalence for males.ConclusionsOur findings confirm the role of FSWs in West Africa as an important determinant of HIV risk, but also identify, in countries with higher HIV prevalence, the emerging role of a group of adolescent girls with 2+ partners is an important determinant of risk. In fact, our findings suggest that this group may enable the epidemic to be effectively “geared up” when partnerships are formed with higher-risk males, indicating additional prevention needs amongst this group.FundingThis study was funded by UNAIDS.

scholarly journals Building Capacity for Open and Distance Learning (ODL) in West Africa Sub-region: The Pivotal Role of RETRIDAL

Open Praxis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Clifford Amini ◽  
Oluwaseun Oluyide
Keyword(s):  
Distance Learning ◽  
West Africa ◽  
West African ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The West ◽  
Building Capacity ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Open And Distance Learning

The paper posits the Regional Training and Research Institute for Distance and Open Learning (RETRIDAL) as an institution established for the purpose of enhancing Open and Distance Learning in the West African sub-region. The institute has pursued this mandate with an unparalleled vigour since its establishment in 2003 —a partnership of the Commonwealth of Learning and the National Open University of Nigeria. It is the opinion of this paper that enhancing the Open and Distance Learning mode of education in the West African subregion will require building capacity. Consequently, RETRIDAL has championed this cause through workshops and training sessions as well as commissioning research studies in Nigeria and other West African countries. The objective is to produce suitably qualified manpower that is able to utilise ODL to mitigate the exploding demand for access to education in the sub-region. The paper also foresees a future of ODL and RETRIDAL for West Africa, as many universities are keying into the distance education paradigm.

scholarly journals Meta-analysis of epilepsy prevalence in West Africa and its relationship with onchocerciasis endemicity and control

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo ◽  
Jan H F Remme ◽  
Pierre-Marie Preux ◽  
Robert Colebunders
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Population Based ◽  
West African ◽  
Early Years ◽  
African Countries ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Onchocerciasis Control

Abstract Background A high prevalence and incidence of epilepsy has been reported in onchocerciasis-endemic regions in Central and East Africa. There is compelling epidemiological evidence suggesting that this high burden is caused by onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE). We hypothesized that OAE had also occured in West African onchocerciasis foci. Methods We searched PubMed, the African Journals Online platform and grey literature for population-based epilepsy studies in West African countries. Epilepsy and onchocerciasis prevalence data were extracted. The pre-control onchocerciasis endemicity in the study sites was estimated from historical data of onchocerciasis control programmes. The prevalence of epilepsy in different sites was analysed, taking into account onchocerciasis endemicity and the duration of control. Results The pooled prevalence of epilepsy in the West African study sites was 13.14 per 1000 (95% confidence interval 11.28–15.00). Higher pre-control endemicity and a shorter duration of onchocerciasis control were both associated with increased epilepsy prevalence (p<0.001). Two studies in Ivory Coast that provided detailed descriptions of persons with epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic settings revealed that most of them had features of OAE (73.7% and 83.3%, respectively). Conclusions Our findings suggest that before and during the early years of implementing onchocerciasis control in West Africa, high onchocerciasis endemicity resulted in a high prevalence of OAE and that subsequent control efforts significantly reduced the prevalence of OAE.

Abolition on shore

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-68
Author(s):  
Mary Wills
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
West African ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Naval Officers

Naval officers played a part in a reconfiguration of relations between Britain and West Africa in the early nineteenth century, as British abolitionist ideals and policies were introduced in the colony of Sierra Leone and increasingly rolled out along the coast. This chapter details the role of naval officers in the pursuit of anti-slavery treaties with African rulers, the encouragement of ‘legitimate’ trade (as non-slave-based trade was termed) and assisting increased exploration and missionary efforts. All were tied to the desire to end the slave trade at source in West African societies via the spread of European ideas of ‘civilization’ among African peoples. Officers’ narratives are revealing of increasing British intervention in West Africa, and how economic and strategic advantages for Britain became inextricable from humanitarian incentives.

Disability and Work in British West Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Grischow
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Control Program ◽  
West African ◽  
World War ◽  
Ability To Work ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Disabled Veterans ◽  
The Social ◽  
Onchocerciasis Control

World War II significantly affected the development of disability programs in British West Africa during the late colonial period. Beginning in the early 1940s, Britain’s Colonial Office worked with the West African governors to develop rehabilitation programs for disabled African veterans. In Britain, rehabilitation for disabled veterans took the form of social orthopedics, which equated citizenship with the ability to work; British programs therefore prioritized reintegration into the workforce as the main goal of rehabilitation. The colonial programs attempted to transfer the social orthopedics program to Africa. The project failed because the African veterans did not want to be remade into productive workers on the Western/capitalist model. However, it did produce two lasting legacies: the creation of a network of Disabled People’s Organizations during the 1950s and 1960s, and the development of a successful onchocerciasis control program between 1974 and 2002.

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