The effect of ketogenic diet on body composition and anthropometric measures: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the effect of zinc supplementation on anthropometric measures. In this systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from database inception to August 2018 for relevant randomized controlled trials. Mean differences and SDs for each outcome were pooled using a random-effects model. Furthermore, a dose–response analysis for zinc dosage was performed using a fractional polynomial model. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Twenty-seven trials (n = 1438 participants) were included in the meta-analysis. There were no significant changes in anthropometric measures after zinc supplementation in the overall analysis. However, subgroup analyses revealed that zinc supplementation increased body weight in individuals undergoing hemodialysis (HD) [3 trials, n = 154 participants; weighted mean difference (WMD) = 1.02 kg; 95% CI: 0.38, 1.65 kg; P = 0.002; I2 = 11.4%] and decreased body weight in subjects who are overweight/obese but otherwise healthy (5 trials, n = 245 participants; WMD = −0.55 kg; 95% CI: −1.06, −0.04 kg; P = 0.03; I2 = 31.5%). Dose–response analyses revealed a significant nonlinear effect of supplementation dosage on BMI (P = 0.001). Our data suggest that zinc supplementation increases body weight in patients undergoing HD and decreases body weight in individuals who are overweight/obese but otherwise healthy, although after normalization for study duration, the association observed in subjects who are overweight/obese disappeared. Although more high-quality studies are needed to reach a definitive conclusion, our study supports the view that zinc may be associated with body weight.

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Effects of berberine and barberry on anthropometric measures: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Complementary Therapies in Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102337 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 102337

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Amini ◽

Fatemeh Sheikhhossein ◽

Sina Naghshi ◽

Farhang Djafari ◽

Mohammadreza Askari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Randomized Controlled

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Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in Early Life on Children’s Growth and Body Composition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020524 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 524

Author(s):

Kristine Ma ◽

Shu Qin Wei ◽

Wei Guang Bi ◽

Hope A. Weiler ◽

Shi Wu Wen

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Early Life ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Z Score ◽

Randomized Controlled

Background: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy or infancy is associated with adverse growth in children. No systematic review has been conducted to summarize available evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and infancy on growth and body composition in children. Objective: We aim to summarize the available evidence on the effect of vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and infancy on child growth and body composition. Method: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed on the effects of vitamin D supplementation during early life on children’s growth and body composition (bone, lean and fat). A literature search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to identify relevant studies on the effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and infancy on children’s body composition (bone, lean and fat) in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library from inception to 31 December 2020. A Cochrane Risk Assessment Tool was used for quality assessment. The comparison was vitamin D supplementation vs. placebo or standard care. Random-effects and fixed-effect meta-analyses were conducted. The effects are presented as mean differences (MDs) or risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A total of 3960 participants from eleven randomized controlled trials were eligible for inclusion. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy was associated with higher triceps skinfold thickness (mm) (MD 0.33, 95% CI, 0.12, 0.54; I2 = 34%) in neonates. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy or infancy was associated with significantly increased length for age z-score in infants at 1 year of age (MD 0.29, 95% CI, 0.03, 0.54; I2 = 0%), and was associated with lower body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) (MD −0.19, 95% CI −0.34, −0.04; I2 = 0%) and body mass index z-score (BMIZ) (MD −0.12, 95% CI −0.21, −0.04; I2 = 0%) in offspring at 3–6 years of age. Vitamin D supplementation during early life was not observed to be associated with children’s bone, lean or fat mass. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy or infancy may be associated with reduced adiposity in childhood. Further large clinical trials of the effects of vitamin D supplementation on childhood body composition are warranted.

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The Protein Recommended Dietary Allowance Is Adequate to Retain Lean Body Mass: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (P08-065-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz044.p08-065-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Joshua Hudson ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Robert Bergia ◽

Wayne Campbell

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Composition ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Whole Body ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled

Abstract Objectives Classic short-term nitrogen balance research estimated that the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 0.8 g protein/kg/d would be adequate to maintain whole-body nitrogen balance in 97.5% of the population. However, achieving whole-body nitrogen balance does not necessarily equate with tissue-specific amino acid (nitrogen) needs, for example in skeletal muscle. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess in weight-stable adults the effects of chronically consuming greater than the protein RDA, compared to the RDA, on whole-body composition. Methods Articles published through 2018 were identified with PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and CINAHL databases. Five articles with 7 comparisons were identified to be relevant through the databases and through screening previous published reviews. Two researchers independently screened the articles for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of parallel design that measured changes in body composition after ³6 wk of dietary control. Results There was significant heterogeneity in the effect sizes amongst the comparisons (I2 = 72.8%, χ2 = 22.1, P = 0.001). Consuming greater than the protein RDA did not differentially affect any of the changes in total body mass [0.07 kg (−0.75, 0.88); WMD, (95% CI), Random effects], fat mass [−0.65 kg (−1.33, 0.03)], or lean body mass [0.08 kg (−0.59, 0.75)]. Conclusions These results from controlled feeding RCTs support adequacy of the protein RDA to retain lean body mass and indicate that protein intakes greater than the RDA do not promote morphological changes among weight-stable adults. Funding Sources Purdue University Graduate Lynn Fellowship. No external funding was provided for this review.

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Efficacy of Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet as an Adjuvant Cancer Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13051388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1388

Author(s):

Ya-Feng Yang ◽

Preety Babychen Mattamel ◽

Tanya Joseph ◽

Jian Huang ◽

Qian Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Weight ◽

Adjuvant Therapy ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Ketogenic Diet ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Low Carbohydrate

Background: The role of low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (LCKD) as an adjuvant therapy in antitumor treatment is not well established. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to investigate the efficacy of LCKD as an adjuvant therapy in antitumor treatment compared to non-ketogenic diet in terms of lipid profile, body weight, fasting glucose level, insulin, and adverse effects; Methods: In this study, databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane trials were searched. Only RCTs that involved cancer participants that were assigned to dietary interventions including a LCKD group and a control group (any non-ketogenic dietary intervention) were selected. Three reviewers independently extracted the data, and the meta-analysis was performed using a fixed effects model or random effects model depending on the I2 value or p-value; Results: A total of six articles met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. In the overall analysis, the post-intervention results = standard mean difference, SMD (95% CI) showed total cholesterol (TC) level = 0.25 (−0.17, 0.67), HDL-cholesterol = −0.07 (−0.50, 0.35), LDL-cholesterol = 0.21 (−0.21, 0.63), triglyceride (TG) = 0.09 (−0.33, 0.51), body weight (BW) = −0.34 (−1.33, 0.65), fasting blood glucose (FBG) = −0.40 (−1.23, 0.42) and insulin = 0.11 (−1.33, 1.55). There were three outcomes showing significant results in those in LCKD group: the tumor marker PSA, p = 0.03, the achievement of ketosis p = 0.010, and the level of satisfaction, p = 0.005; Conclusions: There was inadequate evidence to support the beneficial effects of LCKDs on antitumor therapy. More trials comparing LCKD and non-KD with a larger sample size are necessary to give a more conclusive result.

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