The role of social distance in the relationship between police-community engagement and police coercion

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Molly McCarthy ◽  
Louise Porter ◽  
Michael Townsley ◽  
Geoffrey Alpert
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals EL PAPEL DE LA DISTANCIA SOCIAL EN EL PERDÓN DE LA VIOLENCIA PSICOLÓGICA: MALESTAR PERSONAL Y COACCIÓN COMO RESPUESTA DE AFRONTAMIENTO

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 291
Author(s):  
A.M. Beltrán-Morillas ◽  
I. Valor-Segura ◽  
F. Expósito
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Psychological Abuse ◽  
Social Actor ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Coping Response ◽  
Personal Distress ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract.THE ROLE OF SOCIAL DISTANCE IN THE FORGIVENESS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL VIOLENCE: PERSONAL EVIL AND COACTION AS A RESPONSEThrough two studies, the present investigation analyzes the process of forgiveness before a situation of psychological abuse, depending on the social distance in relation to the person who transgresses. In the first study (n = 145), the granting of forgiveness to different types of violence (physical vs. psychological). The results showed that psychological degree (vs. physical). In the second study (n = 155) pardon, discomfort or personal distress was analyzed and coercion as a coping response, as a function of social distance (actor vs. observer). The results showed that personal discomfort is related to less forgiveness, and this in turn, is related to less coercion, especially in the condition of actor (observer). Likewise, the results also showed that forgiveness mediates the relationship between personal discomfort and resolution of coercion, especially when it comes to the perspective of the actor.Key words: Psychological abuse, coercion, social distance, personal malaise, pardonResumen.A través de dos estudios, la presente investigación analizar el proceso de perdón ante una situación de abuso psicológico, en función de la distancia social en relación con la persona que transgrede. En el primer estudio (n = 145), se examinó el otorgamiento de perdón ante diferentes tipos de violencia (física vs. psicológica). Los resultados mostraron que la violencia psicológica en mayor grado (vs. física). En el segundo estudio (n = 155) se analizó el perdón, el malestar o distrés personal y la coacción como respuesta de afrontamiento, en función de la distancia social (actor vs. observador). Los resultados evidenciaron que, el malestar personal se relaciona con un menor perdón, y éste a su vez, se relaciona con una menor coerción, especialmente en la condición de actor (observador). Asimismo, los resultados también evidenciaron que el perdón media la relación entre el malestar personal y la resolución de coerción, especialmente, cuando se trata de la perspectiva del actor.Palabras clave: Abuso psicológico, coacción, distancia social, malestar personal, perdón

Gender and Latinx Pedagogy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirelsie Velazquez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Education Research ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Organizers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Contemporary Context

The education of Latina/o/x populations in the United States has been the focus of debates, struggles, and community engagement for over 100 years. From linguistic inequalities, deficit perspectives, and community battles, to contemporary rhetoric on access, this entry explores the relationship between schools/schooling and Latina/o/x communities, both historically and in the contemporary context. Important to these narratives is the role of Latinas. To understand their centrality, it is important that the works of Latina and Chicana theorists and scholars are in conversation with one another to contextualize the role of Latinas, whether as community organizers, educators, or mothers, in the education of Latina/o/x populations, and by extension in the overall well-being of their communities. Similarly, the scholarship on and by Latinas complicates the role of stories and their positionality in education research.

scholarly journals The relationship between collective narcissism and group-based moral exclusion: The mediating role of intergroup threat and social distance

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 788-804
Author(s):  
Márton Hadarics ◽  
Zsolt Péter Szabó ◽  
Anna Kende
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Moral Exclusion ◽  
Muslim Immigrants ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
Roma People ◽  
The Relationship

In our study, we investigated the relationship between collective narcissism and group-based moral exclusion. Since collective narcissists are motivated to see their group as unique and superior, and tend to show hostility towards outgroups threatening this presumed superiority, we hypothesized that perceived intergroup threat and social distance can mediate the relationship between collective narcissism and group-based moral exclusion. We tested this assumption in two intergroup contexts by investigating the beliefs of members of the Hungarian majority population about Muslim immigrants and Roma people. Our results showed that collective narcissism had a positive indirect effect on group-based moral exclusion in the case of both outgroups. Furthermore, both threat and social distance were significant mediators in the case of Muslim immigrants, but mostly social distance mediated the indirect effect of collective narcissism on moral exclusion of the Roma. These results indicate that collective narcissists tend to rationalize their intergroup hostility by the mechanism of motivated moral exclusion, and to find suitable justifications for doing so.

scholarly journals Accountability and the Juxtaposition of Civil Society and Policing in a Period of Changing Norms

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Candyce Kelshall
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Community Engagement ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Police Accountability ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the existing approaches to police accountability and how they may or may not address changing norms and expectations of civil society. It examines the role of independent police advisors and how they may contribute to bridging this divide. Design/Methodology/Approach The paper is a constructivist reflexive critique of the shortcomings of the mechanisms for policing accountability. It addresses human security considerations and the social contract in the existing populist charged social context and addresses other ways by which accountability may be achieved by challenging ideas and facilitating reconceptualization of accountability. Findings The advent of the independent advisor as employed by British Police forces is reviewed as a viable means of engaging communities to enable a constructive relationship built on accountability in advance of action rather than punitive recourse post crisis via complaint. Originality/Value An exploration of the relationship between the ‘critical friend’ Community engagement model of the UK independent police advisor and the role played by this approach in reconceptualizing police accountability. The author spent 10 years as an advisor.

SNS Dependency and Community Engagement in Urban Neighborhoods: The Moderating Role of Integrated Connectedness to a Community Storytelling Network

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Chan Kim ◽  
Euikyung Shin ◽  
Ahra Cho ◽  
Eunjean Jung ◽  
Kyungeun Shon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Collective Efficacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
Social Networking Service ◽  
Communication Infrastructure Theory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

The purposes of the current study were (1) to examine the relationship between social networking service (SNS) dependency and local community engagement among Seoul residents, (2) to test the hypothesis that integrated connectedness to a community storytelling network (ICSN) is positively related to local community engagement, and (3) to investigate the moderating role of ICSN between SNS dependency and local community engagement. The current study is theoretically guided by communication infrastructure theory (CIT). We used online survey data collected during summer 2013 from a sample of 890 SNS users between the ages of 19 and 59 who lived in 25 districts in Seoul. We focused on four variables as local community engagement outcomes: neighborhood belonging, two collective efficacy variables (informal social control and social cohesion), and community activity participation. We found that SNS dependency and ICSN were positively associated with all local community engagement variables. We also identified the moderating role of ICSN between SNS dependency and the two collective efficacy variables. In addition, we found that closed SNSs (e.g., KakaoTalk) are more likely to facilitate community engagement than open SNSs (e.g., Facebook or Twitter).

Constructing identity and relating to difference: understanding the EU's mode of differentiation

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahar Rumelili
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Constructivist Approach ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

The case of the EU points to the need to re-conceptualise the relationship between self and other in the IR literature. I argue that the literature forces us into an artificial choice between the liberal constructivist approach of disregarding the constitutive role of difference in identity formation and the critical constructivist approach of assuming a behavioural relationship between self and other, and therefore cannot account for the diversity in the EU's interactions with various states on its periphery. I identify three constitutive dimensions along which self/other relationships vary to produce or not produce relationships of Othering: nature of difference, social distance, and response of other. I analyse how the EU's interactions with Morocco, Turkey, and Central and Eastern European states are situated differently on these dimensions, and evaluate the question of whether the EU is a postmodern collectivity based on these analyses.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Polarization, Social Classes, and Societal Conflict: Evidence from Medieval Towns

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Marie-Christine Thaize Challier
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Societal Violence ◽  
The Relationship

<p>The paper focuses on the nature of a population distribution (polarized or not) and its possible influence on societal conflict. Despite theoretical and empirical studies on the link between population’s polarization and social conflict, the relationship remains in question. Up to now, the role of a multidimensional polarization has been neglected and the determination of social classes by their roles and functions (and not by their resource level) has been ignored. To extend the research, we first define a multidimensional polarization index and approach it empirically through quantitative and qualitative data (often textual data) over a very long period in accordance with the historiographical method. First, this paper refutes the stereotype of a medieval French urban population polarized between rich and poor. Second, over the same period, we build a database of the intensity and occurrence of societal conflict on a sample of twenty-four French towns. The paper finds that over time the low initial degree of the population’s polarization continued to decline while societal violence was increasing. Third, whereas polarization is excluded as a determinant of societal conflict, the inter-group heterogeneity measure (or social distance) highlights some relationships. The results show that societal upheavals may be quite connected with the social distance index defined between the high and middle classes; moreover, this social unrest may be greatly related with the index defined between the high and the low classes. By contrast, the results find an outbreak of societal conflicts when social distances between the middle and low classes decrease.</p>

scholarly journals Communicating Sustainability to Ethnocentric Consumers in China: Focusing on Social Distance from Foreign Corporations

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Gain Park ◽  
Hyun Soon Park
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Distance Perception ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Reverse Effect ◽  
Consumer Ethnocentrism ◽  
Foreign Corporations ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

This study examines the relationship between social distance perception and company/sustainability campaign evaluations. The study also investigates the moderating role of consumer ethnocentrism in the relationship between the variables. This study further compares the effects of construal message framing (high-level vs. low-level construal) on social distance perception. The SPSS PROCESS macro analysis revealed that social distance perception from a corporation negatively affects company evaluations. Moreover, the results demonstrated that consumer ethnocentrism significantly moderates the relationship between social distance perception and company/sustainability campaign evaluations. Finally, the results indicate that construal message framing significantly affects the level of social distance perception from the host of a sustainability campaign. This paper provides practical suggestions for corporates’ sustainability communications and adds to the literature on the reverse effect of construal level theory and social distance reduction.

The grammatical expression of social relations in Japanese

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-84
Author(s):  
Nerida Jarkey
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Social System ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Early Modern Japan ◽  
Imperial Court ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Metaphorical Expression ◽  
The Relationship

Changes in the functions of Japanese honorifics have accompanied changes in Japanese society over the course of a millennium, revealing strong evidence of mutual influence. The system began as a way of indexing respect for social superiors and humility of inferiors, allowing interactants to acknowledge allotted positions within a complex, hierarchical social system—the Japanese imperial court. This focus on the role of honorifics in reinforcing established, metaphorically vertical social relations is strongly maintained in the language ideologies of contemporary Japan. However, political and societal changes in pre-modern and early modern Japan and subsequent developments during the country’s rapid modernization were associated with the development of the honorific system into one that has far broader functions related to indexing other dimensions of social distance. While expressing vertical distance remains one important function of honorifics in Standard Japanese today, their use in marking closeness to ingroup and distance from outgroup has become even more important. The metaphorical expression of horizontal relations between speaker and addressee is the third major way in which honorifics index distance in contemporary Japan. Associated with this change in function has been a clear process of grammaticalization through which lexical honorifics expressing subjective judgements concerning the speaker’s relationship to referents develop over time into grammatical honorifics expressing intersubjective meanings, unrelated to propositional content but relevant only to the relationship between speaker and addressee.

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