scholarly journals Criminal justice responses to domestic violence and abuse in England: an analysis of case attrition and inequalities using police data

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
D. McPhee ◽  
M. Hester ◽  
L. Bates ◽  
S. J. Lilley-Walker ◽  
D. Patsios
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Police Data ◽  
Domestic Violence And Abuse

scholarly journals Generic personal safety applications: empowering victims of domestic violence and abuse? A practitioner lens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Turgoose ◽  
Ruth McKie
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Victim Services ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Safety Applications ◽  
Domestic Violence And Abuse

Bespoke and generic domestic violence and abuse (DVA) personal safety applications (PSAs) have become a popular choice for strategic crime prevention projects by those in the criminal justice sector to achieve justice through digital means as part of the wider digital justice project. These PSAs have been heralded as tools for the protection, empowerment and resilience building of victims in DVA, despite limited independent evaluations. This article explores the use of a generic PSA, which the police have adopted for rollout to victims of DVA in one region of the United Kingdom. We undertook a thematic analysis of data taken from a roundtable and three follow up focus groups with practitioners from the police, criminal justice, DVA specialist sector and victim services, alongside the PSA development team. We found both some support for using this PSA and serious concerns regarding its use in DVA situations.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>There are limits to the use of generic personal safety applications in domestic violence and abuse support including, risks of entrapment through technological affiliated abuse, reinforcing victim stereotypes, and being financially inaccessible to victims of domestic violence and abuse.</li><br /><li>Independent evaluations are integral to avoid organisational responses where generic personal safety applications may be ineffectual, or escalate danger by failing to facilitate victim safety.</li></ul>

scholarly journals Detection of Domestic Violence and Abuse by Community Mental Health Teams Using the BRAVE Intervention: A Multicenter, Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110041
Author(s):  
Roos Ruijne ◽  
Cornelis Mulder ◽  
Milan Zarchev ◽  
Kylee Trevillion ◽  
Roel van Est ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Referral Rates ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cluster Randomized ◽  
And Control ◽  
Domestic Violence And Abuse

Despite increased prevalence of domestic violence and abuse (DVA), victimization through DVA often remains undetected in mental health care. To estimate the effectiveness of a system provider level training intervention by comparing the detection and referral rates of DVA of intervention community mental health (CMH) teams with rates in control CMH teams. We also aimed to determine whether improvements in knowledge, skills and attitudes to DVA were greater in clinicians working in intervention CMH teams than those working in control teams. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial in two urban areas of the Netherlands. Detection and referral rates were assessed at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after the start of the intervention. DVA knowledge, skills and attitudes were assessed using a survey at baseline and at 6 and 12 months after start of the intervention. Electronic patient files were used to identify detected and referred cases of DVA. Outcomes were compared between the intervention and control teams using a generalized linear mixed model. During the 12-month follow-up, detection and referral rates did not differ between the intervention and control teams. However, improvements in knowledge, skills and attitude during that follow-up period were greater in intervention teams than in control teams: β 3.21 (95% CI 1.18-4.60). Our trial showed that a training program on DVA knowledge and skills in CMH teams can increase knowledge and attitude towards DVA. However, our intervention does not appear to increase the detection or referral rates of DVA in patients with a severe mental illness. A low detection rate of DVA remains a major problem. Interventions with more obligatory elements and a focus on improving communication between CMH teams and DVA services are recommended.

Stalkers: Specialists Versus Generalists

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110235
Author(s):  
Lorraine Sheridan ◽  
Martyna Bendlin ◽  
Paul House
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Restraining Orders ◽  
Police Data

Abstract It is known that many domestic violence (DV) offenders also commit violent and nonviolent offences that are not domestic in nature. Stalking frequently evolves from DV contexts. The present study used police data to explore (i) the extent to which stalking offenders in Western Australia specialize in stalking, (ii) the frequency of involvement in DV offending by stalking offenders, and (iii) the types of offences that co-occur with stalking offences. The dataset covered 404 individuals who were identified by the Western Australia Police Force as the offender for a stalking offence between January 1st, 2003 and July 30th, 2017. Only a minority of the offenders specialized in stalking, with the majority offending in other ways against the index victim and also offending against others via a broad range of offences. Although less than 10% were recorded as having carried out domestic assaults, more than half had broken restraining orders. Like DV offenders, the stalkers in this sample were largely generalist offenders. It was not clear, however, what proportion of offences against the same index victim were directly related to stalking. Stalking is a course of conduct that often involves individual acts that may be offences in themselves. What is clearer is the finding that for many stalkers, stalking forms part of a wider pattern of antisocial activity. Those stalkers who do not specialize in stalking may be less likely to benefit from intervention efforts that are focused solely on stalking.

Testimonial Smothering and Domestic Violence Disclosure in Clinical Contexts

Episteme ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jack Warman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Social Epistemology ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Epistemic Injustice ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Personal Histories ◽  
Domestic Violence And Abuse

Abstract Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) are at last coming to be recognised as serious global public health problems. Nevertheless, many women with personal histories of DVA decline to disclose them to healthcare practitioners. In the health sciences, recent empirical work has identified many factors that impede DVA disclosure, known as barriers to disclosure. Drawing on recent work in social epistemology on testimonial silencing, we might wonder why so many people withhold their testimony and whether there is some kind of epistemic injustice afoot here. In this paper, I offer some philosophical reflections on DVA disclosure in clinical contexts and the associated barriers to disclosure. I argue that women with personal histories of DVA are vulnerable to a certain form of testimonial injustice in clinical contexts, namely, testimonial smothering, and that this may help to explain why they withhold that testimony. It is my contention that this can help explain the low rates of DVA disclosure by patients to healthcare practitioners.

scholarly journals Domestic violence and abuse related emergency room visits in Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonica Singhal ◽  
Sarah Orr ◽  
Harkirat Singh ◽  
Menaka Shanmuganantha ◽  
Heather Manson
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Emergency Room Visits ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Relative Index ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Dissemination Area ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Index Of Inequality ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Domestic Violence And Abuse

Abstract Background Hospitals’ emergency rooms (ERs) are generally the first point of contact of domestic violence and abuse (DVA) victims to the health care system. For efficient management and resource allocation for ERs to manage DVA-related emergencies in Canada, it is important to quantify and assess the pattern of these visits. Methods Aggregate DVA-related ER visits data, using relevant ICD-10-CA codes, from 2012 to 2016 were retrieved from IntelliHealth Ontario. The 2011 ON-Marg (Ontario Marginalization) indices were linked at the Dissemination Area level to ER data. Descriptive analyses including total number and rate of visits per 100,000 people were calculated, stratified by age and sex. The Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII) were also assessed. Results From 2012 to 2016, 10,935 (81.2% by females and 18.8% by males) DVA-related visits were made to ERs in Ontario. An annual average of 25.5 visits per 100,000 females and 6.1 visits per 100,000 males was observed. Residential instability and deprivation were significant predictors of DVA-related ER visits. No particular site of injury was indicated in 38.5% of visits, 24.7% presented with cranio-maxillofacial (CMF) trauma in isolation, 28.9% presented with non-CMF injuries, and 7.9% visits presented with both CMF and non-CMF injuries. Conclusion This study identified that the burden of DVA-related ER visits is large enough to warrant timely public health interventions, and observed that certain populations in Ontario experience more DVA and/or are more prone to its impact. Our findings have important implications for various stakeholders involved in planning and implementing relevant policies and programs.

scholarly journals Race, Battered Women, and the Criminal Justice System

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Harini Kav
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Social Movements ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Battered Women ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Domestic Violence Survivors

This paper looks at the criminal case of Deborah Peagler and the California habeas law and explores the effectiveness of legislative changes to domestic battery laws as a mechanism for change in the criminal justice system in regards to its treatment of domestic violence survivors accused of committing a crime against their abuser. It focuses on the androcentric and racialized nature of the criminal justice system and argues that while legislative changes brought about by social movements facilitate opportunities for women like Peagler to pursue just outcomes, they do not counter the gender biases prevalent in the justice system and, alone, are insufficient in improving the treatment of domestic violence survivors in the criminal justice system.

Evaluating Criminal Justice Interventions for Domestic Violence

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Emerson Dobash ◽  
Russell P. Dobash
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
North American ◽  
American Studies ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
Violent Men

In this article, the authors consider various approaches to the evaluation of criminal justice interventions in the area of domestic violence. Evaluations have been conducted on a range of interventions, but this article focuses particularly on evaluations of arrest and programs for violent abusers. The authors contrast randomized designs used in the primarily North American studies of arrest with the extant evaluations of abuser programs and argue for the use of more theoretically informed contextual evaluations of criminal justice interventions. Using their own 3-year evaluation study of two Scottish abuser programs, the authors demonstrate how the contextual approach is attuned to both outcome and process and results in more empirically informed assessments of how change is achieved in the behavior and orientations of violent men. The authors argue that evaluations of criminal justice-based interventions should be designed to fit the phenomena under consideration as well as the intervention itself.

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