Implementation and perceived effectiveness of gun violence restraining orders in California: A qualitative evaluation

Background Uptake of gun violence restraining orders (GVROs), which temporarily prohibit the possession and purchase of firearms and ammunition from individuals at particularly high risk of harming themselves or others with a firearm, has been slow and heterogenous across California. Insights into the implementation process and perceived effectiveness of the law could guide implementation in California and the many states that have enacted or are considering enacting such a law. Methods We conducted 21 semi-structured interviews with 27 key informants, including judges, law enforcement officers, city and district attorneys, policy experts, and firearm violence researchers. Analysis of transcripts was guided by grounded theory and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Findings The following constructs emerged within 4 CFIR domains as salient features of implementation: 1) implementation characteristics: risk of violence, cost, and adaptability; 2) outer setting: interagency coordination and local firearm ideology; 3) inner setting: readiness for implementation and law enforcement firearm culture; and 4) implementation process: planning and engaging with those involved in implementation. Key informants perceived the law to be effective, particularly for preventing firearm suicide, but agreed that more research was needed. While most indicated that the law resulted in positive outcomes, concerns about the potential for class- and race-based inequities were also raised. Conclusions Implementation of the GVRO law in California was hampered by a lack of funding to support local proactive implementation efforts. This resulted in ad hoc policies and procedures, leading to inconsistent practices and widespread confusion among those responsible for implementation. In states that have not begun implementation, we recommend dedicating funding for implementation and creating local procedures statewide prior to the law’s rollout. In California, recommendations include providing training on the GVRO law—including an explication of agency-specific roles, responsibilities, and procedures—to officers, city attorneys, and civil court judges.

Stalkers: Specialists Versus Generalists

It is known that many domestic violence (DV) offenders also commit violent and nonviolent offences that are not domestic in nature. Stalking frequently evolves from DV contexts. The present study used police data to explore (i) the extent to which stalking offenders in Western Australia specialize in stalking, (ii) the frequency of involvement in DV offending by stalking offenders, and (iii) the types of offences that co-occur with stalking offences. The dataset covered 404 individuals who were identified by the Western Australia Police Force as the offender for a stalking offence between January 1st, 2003 and July 30th, 2017. Only a minority of the offenders specialized in stalking, with the majority offending in other ways against the index victim and also offending against others via a broad range of offences. Although less than 10% were recorded as having carried out domestic assaults, more than half had broken restraining orders. Like DV offenders, the stalkers in this sample were largely generalist offenders. It was not clear, however, what proportion of offences against the same index victim were directly related to stalking. Stalking is a course of conduct that often involves individual acts that may be offences in themselves. What is clearer is the finding that for many stalkers, stalking forms part of a wider pattern of antisocial activity. Those stalkers who do not specialize in stalking may be less likely to benefit from intervention efforts that are focused solely on stalking.

37. Protection from Harassment

Family lawyers may be consulted by those who are being harassed or stalked by someone who is not an associated person. This chapter examines the law on harassment and the remedies available to clients not protected by the Family Law Act 1996. It explains the relevance of this area in relation to family law and details the Protection from Harassment Act 1997. This was enacted to assist those suffering harassment through stalking, antisocial behaviour, or racial harassment. Criminal liability for harassment, civil remedy for harassment, and restraining orders are also discussed, as well as how these all relate in family practice.

Impact of Development on Democracy and Human Rights in Iraq

There is no doubt that research in development, democracy and human rights are important topics at present, and the researcher can not ignore any of the titles mentioned, because they are interrelated with each other, Democracy as a principle is based on the idea of human rights. As rights grow under democracy, their role in sustainable development, Democracy is a state of great human consciousness that contributes to the development of human society, and it is an experience of making peoples and nations of the world Democracy is not limited to a particular people or nation, but values, culture, practices and new institutions on us, need details and disclosures coupled with openness It is based on freedom of opinion and opinion, free from oppression, arbitrariness and intellectual terrorism,It must be civil and peaceful and is a welcome area to express opinion and trade-offs between good and then resort to the people, which is not restraining orders and dictatorship arbitrariness and superiority at the expense of the principles and values and the rights of people in civil society

Perfil sociodemográfico y delictivo en maltratadores encarcelados en Gran Canaria por violencia de género en el entorno familia

This study analyzes the sociodemographic and criminal characteristics of men convicted of crimes of gender violence in the area of couple relationships. The sample consists of 154 men aged between 21 to 64 and admitted to the prisons of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain). The results show a heterogeneous sociodemographic profile. 87% of the sample is of Spanish nationality, 78.6% received Catholic religious education and 60.4% said they were in good health. 55.8% were unemployed before entering prison, 50.6% have unfinished basic studies and the 42.9% profession is unskilled manual work. Although they presented diversity in the type of crime, the most common was the breaking of restraining orders (37%). 19.5% had criminal recidivism since they had previously committed crimes of gender violence and 60.4% had had at least one prior complaint from their partner or former partner.

37. Protection from Harassment

Family lawyers may be consulted by those who are being harassed or stalked by someone who is not an associated person. This chapter examines the law on harassment and the remedies available to clients not protected by the Family Law Act 1996. It explains the relevance of this area in relation to family law and details the Protection from Harassment Act 1997. This was enacted to assist those suffering harassment through stalking, antisocial behaviour, or racial harassment. Criminal liability for harassment, civil remedy for harassment, and restraining orders are also discussed, as well as how these all relate in family practice.