Emulsion Polymerisation in a Pulsed Packed Column Stability, Reactor Performance, and Scale-Up

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Meuldijk ◽  
A.L. German
Keyword(s):  
Packed Column ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Emulsion Polymerisation

Effect of the Scale-Up Process on the Reactor Performance within the Riser: Simulation Using Ozone Decomposition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congjing Ren ◽  
Yao Yang ◽  
Zhengliang Huang ◽  
Jingyuan Sun ◽  
Yongrong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Ozone Decomposition ◽  
Reactor Performance

scholarly journals Electro-Absorbers: A Comparison on Their Performance with Jet-Absorbers and Absorption Columns

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 653
Author(s):  
Monserrat Castañeda-Juárez ◽  
Martín Muñoz-Morales ◽  
Fernanda Lourdes Souza ◽  
Cristina Sáez ◽  
Pablo Cañizares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Packed Column ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Applied Current ◽  
Absorption Column ◽  
Applied Current Density ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Surface Jet ◽  
By Products

This work focuses on the removal of perchloroethylene (PCE) from gaseous streams using absorbers connected with electrolyzers. Two types of absorption devices (jet absorber and absorption column) were compared. In addition, it has been evaluated the different by-products generated when a simultaneous electrolysis with diamond anodes is carried out. PCE was not mineralized, but it was transformed into phosgene that mainly derivates into carbon tetrachloride. Trichloroacetic acid was also formed, but in much lower amounts. Results showed a more efficient absorption of PCE in the packed column, which it is associated to the higher gas–liquid contact surface. Jet absorber seems to favor the production of carbon tetrachloride in gaseous phase, whereas the packed column promotes a higher concentration of trichloroacetic acid in liquid. It was also evaluated the scale up of the electrolytic stage of these electro-absorption devices by using a stack with five perforated electrode packages instead of a single cell. Clarification of the effect of the applied current density on the speciation attained after the electrolysis of the absorbent has been attempted. Experiments reveal similar results in terms of PCE removal and a reduced generation of gaseous intermediates at lower current densities.

Factors affecting microbial fuel cell acclimation and operation in temperate climates

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2568-2575 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Michie ◽  
J. R. Kim ◽  
R. M. Dinsdale ◽  
A. J. Guwy ◽  
G. C. Premier
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Substrate Types

For the successful scale-up of microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems, enrichment strategies are required that not only maximise reactor performance but also allow anodic biofilms to be robust to environmental change. Cluster analysis of Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis community fingerprints showed that anodic biofilms were enriched according to substrate type and temperature. Acetate produced the highest power density of 7.2 W m−3 and butyrate the lowest at 0.29 W m−3, but it was also found that the trophic conditions used to acclimate the electrogenic biofilms also determined the MFC response to different substrate types, with both acetate and butyrate substrates recording power densities of 1.07 and 1.0 W m−3 respectively in a sucrose enriched reactor. When temperature perturbations were introduced to investigate the stability of the different substrate acclimated electrogenic biofilms, the 20 °C acclimated acetate reactor was unaffected by 10 °C operation but all reactors acclimated at 35 °C were adversely affected. When the operating temperature was raised back to 35 °C both the acetate and butyrate reactors recovered electrogenic activity but the sucrose reactor did not. It is thought that this was due to the more complex syntropic interactions that are required to occur when metabolising more complex substrate types.

Homogeneous Photoreactions for AOTs: Reactor Analysis and Design

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Martín ◽  
R. J. Brandi ◽  
O. M. Alfano ◽  
A. E. Cassano
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Mathematical Description ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reaction Kinetic ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Additional Information

AbstractThis paper presents the most important technical tools that are needed for designing homogeneous photoreactors using computer simulation of a rigorous mathematical description of the reactor performance. Employing intrinsic reaction kinetic models and parameters derived from properly analyzed laboratory information, it is shown that is possible to scale up reactors with no additional information and without resorting to empirically adjusted correcting factors. The method is illustrated with two processes of degradation of organic pollutants as typical applications of the newly developed Advanced Oxidation Technologies. Two reactors, having pilot plant sizes, are modeled to show the proposed approach. Predictions from the models are compared with experimental data obtaining reasonable good results. They provide confidence on mathematical modeling as a design methodology for homogeneous photochemical reactors.

scholarly journals Numerical modelling of a three-phase internal air-lift circulating photocatalytic reactor

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 3044-3053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghan Luo ◽  
Qiuwen Chen ◽  
Taeseop Jeong ◽  
Jing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Photocatalytic Reactor ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Three Phase Flow ◽  
Air Lift

Abstract The photocatalytic degradation process has been recognized as a low-cost, environmentally friendly and sustainable technology for water and wastewater treatment. As a key carrier of the photocatalytic process, the semiconductor TiO2 has been used in many studies. Analysis and modelling of hydrodynamics in the three-phase flow system can provide useful information for process design, operation and optimization of the three-phase flow photocatalytic reactor, which requires research on the mixing and flow characteristics of the interphase regions in the reactor. In this study, we modelled the hydrodynamics in an internal air-lift circulating photocatalytic reactor using an Eulerian multi-fluid approach. Localized information on phase holdup, fluid flow patterns and mixing characteristics was obtained. The simulation results revealed that the distribution of solid particle concentration depends on the flow field in the internal air-lift circulating photocatalytic reactor. The distance between the draft tube and wall of the reactor and changes in the superficial gas velocity (Ug) were found to be influential factors in reactor performance. The computational model developed could support optimizing reactor design to improve the hydrodynamics and provide guidance for scale-up.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Kinetics of the Photocatalytic Degradation of Emerging Pollutants in a LED-Assisted Photoreactor. S-Metolachlor as Case Study

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Laura Rancaño ◽  
Maria J. Rivero ◽  
Miguel Ángel Mueses ◽  
Inmaculada Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Photon Absorption ◽  
Radiation Absorption ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Photocatalytic Reactor ◽  
Operating Variables ◽  
Degradation Reactions ◽  
Volumetric Rate ◽  
Kinetics Of

Although the potential and beneficial characteristics of photocatalysis in the degradation of a good number of emerging pollutants have been widely studied and demonstrated, process design and scale-up are restrained by the lack of comprehensive models that correctly describe the performance of photocatalytic reactors. Together with the kinetics of degradation reactions, the distribution of the radiation field in heterogeneous photocatalytic systems is essential to the optimum design of the technology. Both the Local Volumetric Rate of Photon Absorption (LVRPA) and the Overall Volumetric Rate of Photon Absorption (OVRPA) help to understand this purpose. This work develops a Six-Flux radiation absorption–scattering model coupled to the Henyey–Greenstein scattering phase function to evaluate the LVRPA profile in a LED-assisted photocatalytic reactor. Moreover, the OVRPA has been calculated and integrated into the kinetic equation, accounting for the influence of the radiation distribution on the reaction rate. The model has been validated with experimental data for the degradation of S-Metolachlor (MTLC), and the set of operating variables that maximize the reactor performance, 0.5 g/L of TiO2 P25 and pH 3, has been determined.

Reactor Performance and Scale-Up

2011 ◽  
pp. 171-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek V. Ranade ◽  
Raghunath V. Chaudhari ◽  
Prashant R. Gunjal
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Reactor Performance

Effects of calcium concentration on up-flow multistage anaerobic reactor performance in treating bagasse spraying wastewater

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 4254-4269
Author(s):  
Jinghong Zhou ◽  
Xiaona Shang ◽  
Zhiwei Wang ◽  
Cancan Zhu ◽  
Shuangfei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor

Bagasse spraying wastewater (BSW) is a source of organic pollutants during bagasse processing. In this study, the feasibility of anaerobic treatment of BSW under different calcium concentrations (60 to 2400 mg/L) was studied. The experiment was performed in a lab-scale up-flow multistage anaerobic reactor (UMAR) inoculated with granular sludge, and operated for 160 days at a constant organic loading rate of 6 kg COD/(m3·d). Treatment of BSW with 60 to 800 mg Ca2+/L resulted in 80.7 to 82.7% of COD removal, 161 to 232.7 mg COD/L of volatile fatty acid (VFA) yield, 0.56 to 0.79 m3/(kgCOD·d) of biogas production rate, and 2.4 to 2.66 m3/(m3·d) of volume loading rate (VLR). The pH remained within the optimal range for anaerobic digestion (adjust to pH = 6.8 to 7.0). The VFAs were composed of 77 to 85% acetic acid, 8.4 to 13.2% butyric acid, and 6.6 to 9.6% propionic acid. At higher influent calcium concentrations (> 800 mg/L), the hydrolysis process appeared to be inhibited, affecting the anaerobic digestion performance of the reactor. In particular, the COD removal efficiency decreased to 55.5%, and the VFA content in the effluent significantly increased due to the lower pH. Microbial community analysis showed that at the end of anaerobic digestion, the Syntrophobacter disappeared, and Clostridium and Anerolineaceae were the main genus and family, respectively. Overall, the results indicated that low calcium (< 300 mg/L) had a positive effect on the UMAR performance.

Scale up studies for the production of biosurfactant in packed column bioreactor

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 0095-0099 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Veenanadig ◽  
M. K. Gowthaman ◽  
N. G. K. Karanth
Keyword(s):  
Packed Column ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Column Bioreactor
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