Drinking water quality and human health risk evaluations in rural and urban areas of Ibeju-Lekki and Epe local government areas, Lagos, Nigeria

Summary. Introduction: As the most important environmental factor having multiple effects on human vital activities and health, drinking water often becomes the subject of predicting adverse health effects. With the purpose of establishing quantitative and/or qualitative characteristics of harmful effects of drinking water chemicals for human health, an integral assessment of drinking water quality with subsequent health risk assessment is carried out. It is based on estimating the risk posed by chronic (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic) exposures that shows probability of developing a disease. Results: Practical activities of departments and institutions of the Federal Service for Surveillance in the Sphere of Consumers Rights and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor) on assessing health effects of environmental factors have demonstrated that, even in concentrations equaling their detection limits in quite a number of test methods, most chemical water pollutants pose unacceptable carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks both for the general population and occupational cohorts. Thus, the results of some laboratory methods of testing are inappropriate for an objective human health risk assessment. Conclusions: We describe criteria for selecting methods of the quantitative chemical analysis of drinking water fit for the purposes of sanitary and epidemiologic expert examination combined with a population health risk assessment. The criteria of choice have been elaborated based on the review of regulatory and method documents and results of analytical testing of drinking water quality.

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Monitoring and Health Risk Assessment of Nitrate in Drinking Water in Rural and Urban Areas of Tabriz, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran

Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion ◽

10.52547/jhehp.7.1.15 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 15-21

Author(s):

Behzad Mohammadi ◽

Maryam Farajzadeh ◽

Gholam Hossein Safari ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Health Risk ◽

Health Risk Assessment ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

East Azerbaijan

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Status of drinking water quality and sanitation facilities in Subarnachar and Maijdee in Noakhali, Bangladesh

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v5i1.41043 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 37-47

Author(s):

Tanuja Barua ◽

Sujit Kumar Roy ◽

Mehedi Hasan Munna

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Pond Water ◽

Drinking Water Quality ◽

Critical Parameters ◽

Mean Values ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Total Dissolved Solid

The study was executed in Noakhali sadar (urban) and Subarnachar upazil (rural) to determine the drinking water quality and sanitation facilities. The baseline data was collected based on questionnaire survey. And the physicochemical and ionic constituents of drinking water were determined by analyzing water samples. The result showed that in rural areas about 87.5% families utilized tube-well water and the rest used polluted pond water, while in the urban areas, 91% families utilized supplied water by paying monthly. The sanitation situation in the rural area was not at satisfactory level. The mean values of several critical parameters from the two areas (rural and urban) were found to be the following. pH values were 7.10 and 7.63, respectively. Electric conductivity was found to be 530.17 and 768.76 μS/cm, respectively. Salinity value was 0.23 and 0.35 ppt, respectively. Total dissolved solid (TDS) was found to be 264.91 and 372.82 ppm, respectively. Elemental composition of the sampled water from the two areas were also obtained. Mean values of the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) from the two areas were found to be 7.24 and 7.52 mg/l, respectively. Among the other elements, amount of phosphorus was 0.55 and 0.46 ppm, potassium was 43.82 and 35.82 mg/l, sulfate was 10.03 and 1.00 mg/l, chloride was 42.15 and 149.95 mg/l, and iron was 5.57 and 1.30 mg/l, respectively. It is clear that the drinking water quality for both areas was not good for direct consumption. The situation in the rural areas is worse than that in the urban areas. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2019, 5(1): 37-47

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Emergy evaluation of human health losses for water environmental pollution

Water Policy ◽

10.2166/wp.2021.177 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zening Wu ◽

Xiaoling Liu ◽

Cuimei Lv ◽

Changkuan Gu ◽

Yang Li

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Water Quality ◽

Economic Development ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Health Risk ◽

Human Health ◽

Social Economic ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Health Loss ◽

Social Economic Development

Abstract Water pollution in China has not only become one of the most vital factors impeding the social-economic development but also threatening people's health. In this study, Kaifeng was considered as an example, and the human health risk of drinking water pathway from 2010 to 2017 was evaluated on the basis of drinking water hygiene standards and the human health risk assessment model (HHRA). Besides, the human health loss caused by water pollution was quantitatively evaluated through an emergy theory and analysis method. The results showed that the carcinogenic annual risk of carcinogenic pollutants ranged from 2.0 × 10−5 to 6.5 × 10−5, and the average health risk of non-carcinogenic pollutants was about 1.5 × 10−8, but the difference between different pollutants was obvious. Affected by water quality, social-economic development, Medicare, etc., the value of human health loss ranked at the top in 2016 with 8.73 × 1018 sej, equivalent to 9.33 million RMB, while in other years, it was around 6 × 1018 sej. It is indicated that among the factors, water quality is the direct inducement of healthy loss, the socio-economic development is the leading force effecting the value, and the Medicare is the final determinant of the public burden.

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Application of Hi-throat/Hi-volume SPE technique in analyzing occurrence, influencing factors and human health risk of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in drinking water of China

Journal of Environmental Management ◽

10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112714 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 291 ◽

pp. 112714

Author(s):

Shengwei Zhang ◽

Yanxia Li ◽

Chao Yang ◽

Xiang-Zhou Meng ◽

Hongyuan Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Health Risk ◽

Human Health ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Human Health Risk ◽

Organophosphate Esters

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Comparison of Human Health and Safety Loss due to Corroded Gas Pipeline Failure in Rural and Urban Areas: A Case Study in Malaysia

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.227.221 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 227 ◽

pp. 221-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Norhamimi Mohd Hanafiah ◽

Libriati Zardasti ◽

Yahaya Nordin ◽

Norhazilan Md Noor ◽

Ahmad A. Safuan

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Human Health ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Health And Safety ◽

Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽

Assessment Process ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Consequence Assessment ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Pipeline Failure

Consequence assessment is an integral part of the risk assessment process. There are many types of consequences loss due to pipeline failure such as asset loss, environmental loss, production loss, and human health and safety loss (HHSL). This paper studies the comparison of HHSL between rural and urban areas due to pipeline failure subject to corrosion. The damage area of the explosion was calculated using Aloha software by considering the details of the selected sites such as atmospheric and topographical conditions. The HHSL was calculated using a mathematical equation of quantitative risk assessment in terms of the number of fatalities or injuries or both. The results of the assessments from rural and urban areas were then compared with one another to identify any significant dissimilarity. This study shows that there was a possibility to improve the decisive value of risk by implementing the proposed approach in consequence assessment in Malaysia.

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