Grounding rules for (relevant) implication

By γ, we mean the rule, “From ├ A and ├ Ā V B, infer ├ B”.1 This rule has played an important and a controversial role in a set of relevant logics free of certain well-known paradoxes of implication, like AĀ-→B and A-→(B-→B). Among these logics we count the pioneering systems of strenge Implikation presented by Ackermann in [1],2 as well as the Anderson-Belnap systems E of entail-ment and R of relevant implication.3

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Gentzenizations of relevant logics with distribution

Journal of Symbolic Logic ◽

10.2307/2275668 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 402-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ross T. Brady

Keyword(s):

Basic System ◽

Relevant Implication ◽

Left Handed ◽

Relevant Logics ◽

Free Left ◽

Contractionless Logic

We establish cut-free left-handed Gentzenizations for a range of major relevant logics from B through to R, all with distribution. B is the basic system of the Routley-Meyer semantics (see [15], pp. 287–300) and R is the logic of relevant implication (see [1], p. 341). Previously, the contractionless logics DW, TW, EW, RW and RWK were Gentzenized in [3], [4] and [5], and also the distributionless logics LBQ, LDWQ, LTWQo, LEWQot, LRWQ, LRWKQ and LRQ in [6] and [7]. This paper provides Gentzenizations for the logics DJ, TJ, T and R, with various levels of contraction, and for the contractionless logic B, which could not be included in [4] using the technique developed there. We also include the Gentzenization of TW in order to compare it with that in [4]. The Gentzenizations that we obtain here for DW and RW are inferior to those already obtained in [4], but they are included for reference when constructing other systems. The logics EW and E present a difficulty for our method and are omitted. For background to the Gentzenization of relevant logics, see [6], and for motivation behind the logics involved, see [6], [1] and [15]. Because of the number of properties that are brought to bear in obtaining these systems, we prefer to consider Gentzenizations for particular logics rather than for arbitrary bunches of axioms.

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EURAMET cg-18 – state-of-the-art calibration guideline for non-automatic weighing instruments

ACTA IMEKO ◽

10.21014/acta_imeko.v8i3.655 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Klaus Fritsch

Keyword(s):

Measurement Uncertainty ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Minimum Weight ◽

Device Performance ◽

Font Size ◽

Quality Requirements ◽

Relevant Implication

This paper presents a state-of-the-art strategy for calibrating non-automatic weighing instruments (NAWIs), based on the international calibration guideline EURAMET cg-18. While existing national and legacy guidelines have only dealt with measurement uncertainty at the time of calibration, EURAMET cg-18 also provides advice for the so-called uncertainty of a weighing result, which describes the device performance during day-to-day usage. Furthermore, as a consequence of the uncertainty of a weighing result, the concept of minimum weight is introduced. The minimum weight is the smallest amount of mass that must be weighed on the device while still adhering to a predefined relative weighing tolerance requirement. The concept of minimum weight is the most important practical and quality relevant implication of NAWI calibration, as it is the prerequisite to achieve the necessary accuracy commensurate with the quality requirements of the weighing process.

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Predictive value of diabetes mellitus for freedom from arrhythmia recurrence after cryoballoon-guided pulmonary vein isolation

EP Europace ◽

10.1093/europace/euab116.191 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (Supplement_3) ◽

Author(s):

D Guckel ◽

K Isgandarova ◽

L Bergau ◽

M El Hamriti ◽

G Imnadze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pulmonary Vein ◽

Pulmonary Vein Isolation ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Independent Predictor ◽

Female Gender ◽

Relevant Implication ◽

Severe Arrhythmia ◽

The Impact

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been identified to play an important role in the regulation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Data concerning the impact of DM on the development of individual arrhythmia substrates are still lacking. Purpose Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to examine the outcome of cryoballoon-guided pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients (pts) suffering from DM and coexisting AF. Methods 523 consecutive pts undergoing initial PVI using the 2nd generation cryoballoon were analysed. 273 pts (52%) suffered from paroxysmal AF (PAF) (51 ± 23.2 years old, 26% female), 250 pts (48%) from persistent AF (PERS) (63.9 ± 10.0 years old, 30% female) and 69 pts (13%) were diagnosed with DM (68 ± 19.6 years old, 30% female). Follow-up (FU) visits were performed at 3, 6 and 12 months including 7-day Holter ECGs. Primary endpoint was the first documented recurrence of any atrial arrhythmia after a 3 months blanking period (> 30 sec.). Results Within the observation period of 12 months AF recurrence occurred in 29% (n = 151 pts). Regardless of the coincidence of DM, PAF pts were significantly younger than those with PERS (p = 0.001). PAF pts additionally suffering from DM presented with a significantly higher risk for arrhythmia recurrence (p = 0.047). Multivariate analyses verified DM as a strong independent predictor for arrhythmia recurrence associated with a > 4 fold higher risk for recurrence after ablation (p = 0.009, hazard ratio (HR) 4.363, confidence interval (CI) 1.46-13.07). PERS pts showed a slightly increased rate of arrhythmia recurrence when additional DM was diagnosed. In these patients multivariate analyses revealed that DM was associated with a 43% higher risk for arrhythmia recurrence (p = 0.321, HR 1.143, CI 0.59-2.22). Beyond that, severe gender disparities were observed with female gender as independent predictor for arrhythmia recurrence (p = 0.027*, HR 1.927, CI 1.079-3.440). Conclusions DM has relevant implication for arrhythmia recurrence after PVI. More distinct effects were observed in PAF patients following AF ablation. This could be related to more severe arrhythmia substrates in PAF pts suffering from DM compared to PAF pts without additional DM and even more substantial structural changes in PERS. Thus, individual paths in ablation management are required in these pts with AF and coexisting DM.

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Management accounting use in micro and small enterprises

Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management ◽

10.1108/qram-02-2020-0014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Tonatiuh Najera Ruiz ◽

Pablo Collazzo

Keyword(s):

Small Businesses ◽

Small Firms ◽

Management Accounting ◽

Traditional Approach ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Small Enterprises ◽

Exploratory Research ◽

Content Type ◽

Relevant Implication ◽

Micro And Small Enterprises

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore if and how micro and small firms apply management accounting (MA) techniques. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on 36 semistructured interviews with micro and small firm owners/managers in Mexico. Content analysis is used to identify how these enterprises use MA tools. Findings Micro and small firms consistently use MA tools. Most of them have some sort of planning, set objectives, have a costing system – even if budgeting is unusual – and use one or two metrics to monitor performance. Research limitations/implications This is exploratory research with a limited and nonrandom sample. Only a limited number of MA tools were studied. Practical implications Micro and small firms’ use of MA tools. This is arguably important because these enterprises use these techniques in a way that is different from the traditional approach used in bigger corporations. A relevant implication emerging from the findings, as a contribution to practice would be the need to include MA for micro and small businesses in formal training and textbooks. Originality/value On top of providing and assessing empirical evidence on a debate that has been so far largely theoretical, and on the back of the relative weight of micro and small enterprises in any given economy, this paper aims at reinforcing awareness on the need to further the study of the decision-making process in such firms.

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What is Relevant Implication?

Directions in Relevant Logic ◽

10.1007/978-94-009-1005-8_11 ◽

1989 ◽

pp. 167-174

Author(s):

Alasdair Urquhart

Keyword(s):

Relevant Implication

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Imperatives of Quality Insuring of the Production Cycle and Effective Functioning Process of the Enterprises of Agro-Product Subcomplex of Ukraine

Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics ◽

10.14505/jarle.v11.4(50).43 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1462

Author(s):

Igor I. VINICHENKO ◽

Natalia V. TRUSOVA ◽

Larysa M. KURBATSKA ◽

Maryna A. POLEHENKA ◽

Vitalii O. OLEKSIUK

Keyword(s):

Cash Flow ◽

Functional System ◽

Production Cycle ◽

Resource Potential ◽

Economic Relations ◽

Functional Changes ◽

Effective Functioning ◽

Poultry Products ◽

Relevant Implication ◽

Economic Interpretation

The article deals with the imperatives of quality insuring of the production cycle and the effective functioning process of the enterprises of agro-product subcomplex of Ukraine. An effective functional system has been built which, based on the quantitative and qualitative criteria of competitiveness of enterprises, determines the scale and effectiveness of their activity, provides opportunities to reproduce the resource potential of the agro-product subcomplex industries. The set of processes of relevant implication ‘resources – structure – efficiency – development of the system’ was singled out in order to improve the qualitative and quantitative properties of the production cycle as a creation of efficiency. An adaptive-renovation approach is proposed, which allows selecting from the system of indicators representative-effective indicators and factors of financial and resource load on the level of self-financing of the production cycle with 95% probability. The criterion of ‘optimal maximum profit’, which meets the requirements of a clear economic interpretation of the performance indicators, provides an increase in the value of cash flow to reduce the dependence of the entities of inter-economic relations on the slowdown in the self-financing of the production cycle. It is proved that the integration of agro-product industries with a long continuous cycle has specified functional changes in their efficiency. We have grouped the entities of inter-economic relations by the level of production cost and profitability of the sold products, which ensure the effective process of functioning of the enterprises of the agro-product subcomplex. The parameters of financial and resource load on indicators of self-financing of the production cycle of enterprises of poultry agro-complex in the average for one region of Ukraine are determined. Alternative business projects for the production of poultry products are proposed while changing the cash flow discount rate.

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