Formation of the information and instrumental space for decision-making in the resource-saving system in the value creation flow of an industrial enterprise

The article is devoted to the problems of building an information space for managing material resources in the flow of value creation by an industrial enterprise in the conditions of implementing a resource-saving strategy. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the choice of a method of information and instrumental support for the implementation of the functions of rationing, budget planning, control of the execution of estimated tasks, analysis of key indicators of the state of material costs in order to make decisions on the rational use and economy of the latter, reduction (elimination) of excess technological waste and losses. The research presented in the article is based on the application of a systematic approach; structural-functional and statistical types of analysis; methods of observation, graphical visualization, grouping and systematization of data; decomposition, aggregation, comparison and economic interpretation. The results of the study showed significant effectiveness of the application in the management practices of enterprises of the real sector of the economy of the author’s proposed set of techniques and methods of information and instrumental support for the functions of rationing, budget planning, control, economic interpretation and analysis of key indicators of material costs involved in the value creation flow, in order to build a transparent space for making managerial decisions to maintain a resource-saving strategy. The article presents the author’s clarification of the concept of resource saving, which served as the methodological basis for the proposed methods and methods for reducing the resources under consideration, reducing (eliminating) excess technological waste and losses. The practical significance of the tools proposed by the author lies in the fact that the proposed tools will ensure an increase in the efficiency of developing and implementing solutions for the rational use and reasonable economy of material resources in all processes of the value stream, reduce technological waste and losses, reduce material consumption and, consequently, the cost of production, increase the profitability and competitiveness of the business of the enterprise of the real sector of the economy. The directions of future research should be integrated management of all types of resources at each stage of the operational cycle, implemented in a digital format using artificial intelligence systems in real time without the direct participation of the user.

The Impact of the Internal Expenditures on R&D in the Growth of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The aim of the article is to investigate the relationship between the number of active small and medium-sized businesses in Kazakhstan and the number of internal costs for research and development projects based on the use of economic and mathematical forecasting methods. As a result of the application of statistical and mathematical methods, the analysis of changes in the number of active SMEs and the volume of R&D expenditures in the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period 1999-2019 was carried out on the basis of constructing a paired linear regression model. The quality of the model was assessed, the interval for the lower and upper boundaries of the forecast of changes in the indicators of the number of active SMEs from the volume of R&D expenditures was calculated. An economic interpretation of the calculated data obtained because of constructing a linear paired regression model is given. It was revealed that the number of active SMEs by 94.5% is explained by the volume of internal R&D expenditures. A point forecast for the number of active SMEs has been calculated when the volume of internal R&D expenditures changes for 2022. The calculation of indicators of the lower and upper boundaries of the predicted value of the number of active SMEs has been carried out. With an increase in the volume of internal expenditures on R&D in the GDP of the Republic of Kazakhstan to 92,178 million tenge, the number of active small and medium-sized enterprises will be in the range from 1,244,436 to 1,669,622 units.

ORGANIZING PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS BY SOLVING PROBLEMS OF ECONOMIC CONTENT IN TEACHING MATHEMATICS

In this article, the use of practical issues in economic interpretation in the teaching of mathematics in today's system of continuing education is a key step in the development of professional training of students. It is also important to improve the quality of continuing education, to teach students to think independently in mathematics, to strengthen their socio-economic, scientific and technical knowledge of mathematics. In addition, the emphasis on the use of economic issues in the formation of scientific and theoretical thinking in the teaching of mathematics will further expand the opportunities for students to acquire knowledge, professional training, and become competitive in the future.

Leontief Meets Markov: Sectoral Vulnerabilities Through Circular Connectivity

Economists have been aware of the mapping between an Input-Output (I-O, hereinafter) table and the adjacency matrix of a weighted digraph for several decades (Solow, Econometrica 20(1):29–46, 1952). An I-O table may be interpreted as a network in which edges measure money flows to purchase inputs that go into production, whilst vertices represent economic industries. However, only recently the language and concepts of complex networks (Newman 2010) have been more intensively applied to the study of interindustry relations (McNerney et al. Physica A Stat Mech Appl, 392(24):6427–6441, 2013). The aim of this paper is to study sectoral vulnerabilities in I-O networks, by connecting the formal structure of a closed I-O model (Leontief, Rev Econ Stat, 19(3):109–132, 1937) to the constituent elements of an ergodic, regular Markov chain (Kemeny and Snell 1976) and its chance process specification as a random walk on a graph. We provide an economic interpretation to a local, sector-specific vulnerability index based on mean first passage times, computed by means of the Moore-Penrose inverse of the asymmetric graph Laplacian (Boley et al. Linear Algebra Appl, 435(2):224–242, 2011). Traversing from the most central to the most peripheral sector of the economy in 60 countries between 2005 and 2015, we uncover cross-country salient roles for certain industries, pervasive features of structural change and (dis)similarities between national economies, in terms of their sectoral vulnerabilities.

The Quantitative Easing Bursts Bitcoin Price

In this paper we analyze the existence of cointegrating relationships between Bitcoin, S&P 500, and the quantity of money M2. We perform our analysis with and without applying time warping pre-processing. In all cases we find strong evidence that, in the period 2016-2021 the three time series show two cointegrating relationships and therefore share a common stochastic trend. In addition, a low correlation between Bitcoin and S&P 500 is detected. These finding justify the increased interest of investors in Bitcoin as an alternative asset class. The economic interpretation is that the stock valuation is primarily determined by financial phenomena, in particular the availability of large quantity of money. Money supporting investment is due both to the actions of Quantitative Easing and to the exchange of creditor/debtor role that took place between households and firms. The price of both Bitcoin and stocks is increasingly influenced by the amount of money in circulation and follows the same stochastic trend.

Evolutionary Game Analysis of Government and Enterprises Carbon-Reduction based on Public Willingness

This paper explores the evolutionary game of government and enterprises carbon-reduction with public willingness constraints. On the basis of the features of government and enterprises in energy saving and emission reduction system, the novel evolutionary game model is constructed. The effects of behavioral strategy and willingness constraint strength are visualized by system dynamics theory. With the aid of these visual indicators, the varying dynamic evolution path under different situations is put forward. The economic interpretation of evolutionary stable strategies is discussed. The results show that, public willingness can promote government-enterprise to achieve the optimal state (action, carbon-reduction) spontaneously. The initial willingness can speed up the convergence rate of these two players’ behaviors. The residents’ willingness further restrains the behaviors of government and enterprises, which can eliminate the possibility of adopting passive strategies and reduce the lag of strategies for both parties.

Students’ Understanding of the Economic Interpretation of the Derivative in the Context of Marginal Cost

Many disciplines make use of mathematical concepts. However, there are often discrepancies between the way mathematical concepts are understood and taught in mathematics and the way they are used in other disciplines. The literature suggests that such discrepancies might make it hard for students in mathematics service courses to make a connection between the mathematical concepts taught and the way they are used in the students’ major disciplines. We investigated this hypothesis for one specific example in mathematics for economics students – the derivative and its interpretation commonly used in economics as the amount of change when increasing the production by one unit. We conducted an interview study investigating to what extent economics students can make a connection between the mathematical concept of the derivative and this common economic interpretation of the derivative. This study provides empirical evidence that it is actually difficult for economics students to make this connection, even though it was covered in their calculus course. In particular, the study reveals difficulties students have when trying to make this connection, which could be addressed in teaching.

Rural District of Russian Federation Town of the Golden Horde Era (based on the materials of the archaeological sites of the district of Nizhny Novgorod)

The article deals with clarification of the characteristic features of the rural district of the Russian town of the Golden Horde era. The object of the study is rural settlements located near Nizhny Novgorod. The purpose of the work is to summarize the results of the study of the rural district of medieval Nizhny Novgorod, obtained over the past decades. Rural settlements are mapped, systematized by their location in the terrain, their classification by size is developed using the methods of economic geography, and the probable share of urban residents in the demographic potential of the region is estimated. The socio-economic interpretation of the settlements that form the basis of the settlement system is proposed. The historical interpretation of the form of the area and geography of the rural district of Nizhny Novgorod is given, and its division into two districts – central and peripheral is justified. The features of similarity and differences between rural districts of Russian cities and cities of the Golden Horde are determined.

Comprehensive Analysis of Cash Flows of the State Enterprise "Antonov"

Introduction. The analysis of the enterprise’s cash flow statement is invaluable for external users (owners, investors, lenders, partners) as a reason to substantiate the investment and financial decisions, evidence of the business partnerships reliability, and for most of the management when evaluating the level of efficiency, of its economic feasibility confirmation or refutation of the chosen financial management strategy and tactics. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to develop and test a method of comprehensive analysis of cash according to the financial statements of the state enterprise "Antonov" for the period 2018-2019, to perform an economic interpretation of the results of the analysis, based on the received calculations. Results. The dialectical method of cognition, a comprehensive systematic approach to the object of study, general scientific methods, special (horizontal, vertical and coefficient) analysis procedures, abstract and logical method for theoretical generalizations and drawing conclusions have been applied in the article. The method of comprehensive analysis of cash flows according to financial statements has been developed and tested. An economic interpretation of the analysis results has been proposed. Conclusions. A method of complex analysis of cash flows has been developed and proposed as a result of scientific research. The obtained results are important for the formation of strategy and tactics of financial management of the enterprise. The results of such an analysis are also a crucial argument in substantiating owners, investors, creditors, partners and other outsiders in the analysis of investment and financial decisions about the company and its prospects.