scholarly journals EURAMET cg-18 – state-of-the-art calibration guideline for non-automatic weighing instruments

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Klaus Fritsch

<p> </p><p class="Abstract">This paper presents a state-of-the-art strategy for calibrating non-automatic weighing instruments (NAWIs), based on the international calibration guideline EURAMET cg-18. While existing national and legacy guidelines have only dealt with measurement uncertainty at the time of calibration, EURAMET cg-18 also provides advice for the so-called uncertainty of a weighing result, which describes the device performance during day-to-day usage. Furthermore, as a consequence of the uncertainty of a weighing result, the concept of minimum weight is introduced. The minimum weight is the smallest amount of mass that must be weighed on the device while still adhering to a predefined relative weighing tolerance requirement. The concept of minimum weight is the most important practical and quality relevant implication of NAWI calibration, as it is the prerequisite to achieve the necessary accuracy commensurate with the quality requirements of the weighing process.</p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;"><br /></span></p>

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Sebastian Baumgarten ◽  
Dirk Röske ◽  
Rolf Kumme

<p> </p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">This paper present the completion and the measurement uncertainty budget of a multi-component measuring facility. The new facility is part of the 1 MN force standard machine [1] of the PTB. It enables the simultaneous generation of a torque in the range from 20 N·m to 2 kN·m in addition to axial forces 20 kN to 1 MN. This allows the characterization of measuring systems which require combined loads of axial forces <em>F</em></span><sub><span style="font-size: xx-small;">z</span></sub><span style="font-size: small;"> and torques <em>M</em></span><sub><span style="font-size: xx-small;">z</span></sub><span style="font-size: small;"> like friction coefficient sensors. The aim is a measurement uncertainty of (<em>k</em> = 2) for <em>M</em></span><sub><span style="font-size: xx-small;">z</span></sub><span style="font-size: small;"> &lt; 0.01 % and <em>F</em></span><sub><span style="font-size: xx-small;">z</span></sub><span style="font-size: small;"> &lt; 0.002 %. The physical model yields to extended measurement uncertainties (<em>k</em> = 2) for 20 N·m of 5.9·10</span><sup><span style="font-size: xx-small;">-5</span></sup><span style="font-size: small;"> and for the maximum load step <span><em>M</em></span><sub><span>z</span></sub> = (2000 ± 0.084) N·m.</span></span></p><p> </p>


Buletin Palma ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
JUDITH HENNY MANDEI

<p><span style="font-size: medium;">ABSTRAK </span></p><p>Blondo yang diperoleh sebagai hasil samping dari VCO mengandung bakteri Lactobacillus sp. sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai kultur starter dalam pembuatan yogurt. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan blondo dan starter lainnya sebagai starter dalam pembuatan yogurt.  Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai November 2013 di Laboratorium Balai Riset dan Standardisasi Industri Manado dan Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Perikanan dan  Ilmu Kelautan Unsrat Manado. Penelitian dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap yaitu: fermentasi VCO, pemisahan blondo,  isolasi, identifikasi bakteri asam laktat (BAL), pembuatan kultur starter, pembuatan yogurt dan pengujian mutu yogurt.  Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap, perlakuan adalah jenis starter yaitu; starter langsung dari blondo,  isolat (homofermentatif dan heterofermentatif) hasil isolasi blondo, kultur murni (campuran  L. bulgaricus dan S.  thermophilus), dan kultur campuran kering yang mengandung L. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus dan S. thermophilus, dengan  ulangan tiga kali. Parameter yang diuji adalah mutu yogurt (total BAL, abu, protein, lemak, total asam laktat, padatan  susu non lemak, penampakan, bau, rasa,  konsistensi), dan organoleptik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat yang diperoleh dari blondo dengan waktu fermentasi 1 hari tidak teridentifikasi adanya BAL homofermentatif maupun  heterofermentatif, dan  isolat yang diperoleh dari blondo dengan waktu fermentasi 2 hari teridentifikasi adanya BAL homofermentatif, diduga adalah bakteri L. delbruecki  subsp. bulgaricus dan L. casei, sedangkan  isolat yang diperoleh dari blondo dengan waktu fermentasi 3 hari teridentifikasi adanya BAL heterofermentatif, diduga L. fermenti. Starter aktif  yang dibuat langsung dari blondo dengan konsentrasi 15, 20, dan 25% bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai starter yogurt, menghasilkan yogurt yang memenuhi syarat mutu SNI 2981:2009, dan secara organoleptik disukai panelis.</p><p>Kata kunci: Kelapa, blondo, starter, yogurt.</p><p> </p><p><span style="color: black; line-height: 115%; letter-spacing: -0.35pt; font-family: 'Arial Bold'; font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Arial Bold'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><strong>Utilization of Blondo as a Starter in Processing of Yoghurt</strong> </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">ABSTRACT </span></p><p>Blondo is a by product from VCO process contains which Lactobacillus sp. bacteria that can be used as starter culture in the processing of yoghurt. The research aimed to utilize blondo and other starter as a starter of yoghurt processing. The research was conducted from February to November 2013 in the Laboratory of Research and Standardization Industry Manado and Laboratory of Microbiology Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences at Sam Ratulangi University  Manado.  The study was conducted in several stages, which are: fermentation of VCO, blondo separation, isolation, identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), the starter sultures processing, producing and quality test of yoghurt. Research used completely randomized design, treatments based on starter types are; starter directly from blondo, isolates (homo-fermentative and heterofermentative) from blondo, pure culture (a mixture of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus), and dry mixed culture containing L. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus and S. thermophilus, three times repetition. The tested parameters were the quality of yoghurt (total LAB, ash, protein, fat, total lactic acid, non-fat milk solids, appearance, odor, flavor, consistency), and organoleptic. The results on isolates obtained from blondo showed that one day fermentation time did not show any homofermentative and heterofermentative lactid acid bacterias. Two days fermentation time showed homofermentative lactid acid bacterias assumed L. delbruecki subsp. bulgaricus and L. casei, while 3 days of fermentation  provided heterofermentative Lactic acid bacterias assumed L. fermenti. Actived starter made directly from blondo with  concentration 15, 20, and 25% can be used as a of yoghurt starter, producing yoghurt which complied the quality requirements of SNI 2981: 2009, and preferred by panelists.</p>Keywords: Coconut, blondo, starter, yoghurt.


Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yupeng Zhou ◽  
Jinshu Li ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Shuai Lv ◽  
Yong Lai ◽  
...  

The minimum weight vertex independent dominating set (MWVIDS) problem is an important version of the minimum independent dominating set. The MWVIDS problem has a number of applications in many fields. However, the MWVIDS problem is known to be NP-hard and thus computationally challenging. In this work, we present the improved memetic algorithm called MSSAS for solving the MWVIDS problem. The proposed MSSAS algorithm combines probability-based dynamic optimization (PDO) (to generate good and diverse offspring solutions by assembling elements of existing good solutions) as well as a local search phase named C_LS (to seek high-quality local optima by combining the idea of constrained-based two-level configuration checking strategy and tabu mechanism). The extensive results on popular DIMACS and BHOLIB benchmarks demonstrate that MSSAS competes favorably with the state-of-the-art algorithms. In addition, we analyze the benefits of the newly raised components including two above proposed ideas with our memetic framework. It is worth mentioning that the combination of both components has excellent effects for the MWVIDS problem.


2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 977-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. BURKE ◽  
C. RUTHERGLEN ◽  
Z. YU

In this paper, we review the potential applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes in three areas: passives (interconnects), actives (transistors), and antennas. In the area of actives, potential applications include transistors for RF and microwave amplifiers, mixers, detectors, and filters. We review the experimental state of the art, and present the theoretical predictions (where available) for ultimate device performance. In addition, we discuss fundamental parameters such as dc resistance as a function of length for individual, single-walled carbon nanotubes.


Author(s):  
Antonio Fábregas

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 18.1pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt;">This state of the art tries to cover as much as possible about the properties, conditions and analyses of Differential Object Marking (DOM) in Spanish. Starting with some considerations about the boundaries of the phenomenon, it considers its morphological, semantic and syntactic properties &ndash;with respect both to the internal properties of the direct object and to the wider context in which it appears&ndash;. It also reviews the other morphosyntactic phenomena that have been claimed to correlate with DOM, and finally goes through a number of analysis in different theoretical traditions to highlight the points of agreement and debate in the current literature.</span></p>


Author(s):  
Ronald R. Cairo ◽  
Kathleen A. Sargent

This paper will discuss a study of an innovative design for an advanced turbine rotor, that could have a great impact on future engines. The design challenge is to provide a minimum weight turbine rotor system that can withstand beyond state-of-the-art levels of AN2 (turbine annulus area multiplied by speed squared). An AN2 limit has been reached for High Pressure Turbine (HPT) disks configured in conventional (single web) geometry with state-of-the-art nickel alloys. The problem has reached the point where increased AN2 has been declared a “Break-Through” technology. The twin-web disk has the potential to provide this break through. This paper will present the history of this turbine rotor design, analytical results, material/component processing and concept validation results. All work was performed under an Air Force sponsored program entitled Composite Ring Reinforced Turbine (CRRT).


2016 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 876-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Losee ◽  
Alexander Bolotnikov ◽  
Stacey Kennerly ◽  
Christopher Collazo-Davila ◽  
David Lilienfeld ◽  
...  

In this paper, we show state of the art, low on-resistance, 25mW/1.2kV and 43mW/2.5kV SiC MOSFETs with excellent design robustness and process control such that the parametric spread of key device characteristics are approaching Si products. The impact of starting material variability on device performance is shown and design sensitivity curves are presented.


1999 ◽  
Vol 592 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Lai ◽  
M. F. Li ◽  
J. S. Pan ◽  
R. Liu ◽  
L. Chan ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTEarlier growth studies on the rapid thermal oxidation of silicon in NO (RTNO) were not sufficiently comprehensive and were limited by temperature measurement uncertainty and thermal non-uniformity across the wafer. Using a state-of-the-art rapid thermal processing (RTP) system, the RTNO growth characteristics at 100 and 760 Torr, from 900 to 1200°C and from 0 to 480 s were investigated. It was found that the initial growth rate anomalously decreasedwith temperature and pressure. These anomalies were correlated to the evolution of the XPS N 1s spectrum of the RTNO film with oxidation time, temperature and pressure.


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