Coming to know about the body in Human Movement Studies programmes

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1003-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Varea ◽  
Richard Tinning
Fractals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950050 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAMIDREZA NAMAZI

Analysis of human ability to move the body (hand, feet, etc.) is one of the major issues in rehabilitation science. For this purpose, scientists analyze different signals govern from human body. Electromyography (EMG) signal is the main indicator of human movement that can be analyzed using different techniques in order to classify different movements. In this paper, we analyze the complex non-linear structure of EMG signal from subjects while they underwent three exercises that include basic movements of the fingers and of the wrist, grasping and functional movements, and force patterns. For this purpose, we employ fractal dimension as indicator of complexity. The result of our analysis showed that the EMG signal experiences the greatest complexity when subjects think to press combinations of fingers with an increasing force (force pattern). The method of analysis employed in this research can be widely applied to analyze and classify different types of human movements.


Author(s):  
Bella A. Maldonado Mora ◽  
María Esther Prados Megías ◽  
María Jesús Márquez García

Abstract.REWRITING THE EDUCATED BODY OF THE SILENCED VOICE AND THE EMOTION CONTAINED IN THE BODY EDUCATINGThe educating body (Planella, 2006) raises the need to consider that the educational process is constituted to the extent that there is a pedagogical subject, namely the person - as subjectivity -, your histories, your experiences, your voices and learning are placed at the very center of all of the pedagogical action. Reconsidering this positioning involves developing thoughts, skills and creative strategies that evidence the experience and knowledge that people have about themselves and their corporeal nature. Hence, narrative research and his interpretive approach contribute us with valid tools for our study. The proposal we are presenting have to develop processes of creativity, expressiveness and non verbal communication through human movement, body awareness and biographical account. The use of corporal micro-narratives, starting on a free and creative writing, is an opportunity for students to become aware of which have been the emotional, affective, educational, structural and cultural elements that have modelled their body and remain silent. At the same time, the reconstruction of the lived experience in their bodies, through their own life, opens the ways for creative development as future professionals. The sixty micro-account analyzed in the first stage of the research that we present form part of a more extensive research proceeding from a doctoral thesis process. The analysis points to several emerging issues: first of all, the educational instructional worldly model shape an insecure body with ridiculous feelings; then, the educating body model is a rigid body, shaped and “frightened”; finally, the body expresses and contains shame, shyness and devaluation opposite the other ones.Key word: corporal narrative, creativity, emotional education, initial training.Resumen.El cuerpo educando (Planella, 2006) plantea la necesidad de considerar que el proceso educativo se constituye en la medida que hay sujeto pedagógico, es decir, la persona -como subjetividad-, su historia, experiencia, su voz y aprendizaje son puestos en el centro mismo de toda acción pedagógica. (Re)considerar este posicionamiento implica desarrollar pensamientos, habilidades y estrategias creativas que evidencien la experiencia y conocimiento que las personas tienen acerca de sí mismas y de su corporalidad. De ahí que la investigación narrativa y su enfoque interpretativo nos aporten herramientas válidas para nuestro estudio. La propuesta que presentamos tiene como objetivo el desarrollo de procesos de creatividad, expresividad y comunicación corporal a través del movimiento humano, la conciencia corporal y relatos biográficos. El uso de micro-relatos corporales, a partir de una escritura libre y creativa, es un espacio para que el alumnado tome conciencia de cuáles han sido los elementos emocionales, afectivos, educativos, estructurales y culturales que han modelado su cuerpo y que permanecen silenciados. Al mismo tiempo, la reconstrucción de la experiencia vivida en sus cuerpos, a través de sus propias historias, abre caminos para el desarrollo creativo como futuros profesionales. Los sesenta micro-relatos analizados en la primera fase de la investigación que presentamos forma parte de una investigación más amplia de un proceso de tesis doctoral. El análisis apuntan hacia varias cuestiones emergentes: el modelo instructivo educativo vivido configura un cuerpo inseguro y con sentimientos de ridículo; el cuerpo educado es un modelo de cuerpo rígido, modelado y “asustado”; el cuerpo expresa y contiene vergüenza, timidez y desvaloración frente a los demás.Palabras clave: narrativa corporal, creatividad, educación emocional, formación inicial.


2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilip Swaminathan ◽  
Harvey Thornburg ◽  
Jessica Mumford ◽  
Stjepan Rajko ◽  
Jodi James ◽  
...  

Laban movement analysis (LMA) is a systematic framework for describing all forms of human movement and has been widely applied across animation, biomedicine, dance, and kinesiology. LMA (especially Effort/Shape) emphasizes how internal feelings and intentions govern the patterning of movement throughout the whole body. As we argue, a complex understanding of intention via LMA is necessary for human-computer interaction to becomeembodiedin ways that resemble interaction in the physical world. We thus introduce a novel, flexible Bayesian fusion approach for identifying LMA Shape qualities from raw motion capture data in real time. The method uses a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) to fuse movement features across the body and across time and as we discuss can be readily adapted for low-cost video. It has delivered excellent performance in preliminary studies comprising improvisatory movements. Our approach has been incorporated inResponse, a mixed-reality environment where users interact via natural, full-body human movement and enhance their bodily-kinesthetic awareness through immersive sound and light feedback, with applications to kinesiology training, Parkinson's patient rehabilitation, interactive dance, and many other areas.


2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 1034-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley A. Sahrmann

The 2013 House of Delegates of the American Physical Therapy Association adopted a vision statement that addresses the role of physical therapy in transforming society through optimizing movement. The accompanying guidelines address the movement system as key to achieving this vision. The profession has incorporated movement in position statements and documents since the early 1980s, but movement as a physiological system has not been addressed. Clearly, those health care professions identified with a system of the body are more easily recognized for their expertise and role in preventing, diagnosing, and treating dysfunctions of the system than health professions identified with intervention but not a system. This perspective article provides a brief history of how leaders in the profession have advocated for clear identification of a body of knowledge. The reasons are discussed for why movement can be considered a physiological system, as are the advantages of promoting the system rather than just movement. In many ways, a focus on movement is more restrictive than incorporating the concept of the movement system. Promotion of the movement system also provides a logical context for the diagnoses made by physical therapists. In addition, there is growing evidence, particularly in relation to musculoskeletal conditions, that the focus is enlarging from pathoanatomy to pathokinesiology, further emphasizing the timeliness of promoting the role of movement as a system. Discussion also addresses musculoskeletal conditions as lifestyle issues in the same way that general health has been demonstrated to be clearly related to lifestyle. The suggestion is made that the profession should be addressing kinesiopathologic conditions and not just pathokinesiologic conditions, as would be in keeping with the physical therapist's role in prevention and as a life-span practitioner.


1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. McN. Alexander

Many mathematical models of human movement have sought to represent as much as possible of the complexity of the human body but others, the subjects of this review, are extremely simple. Some treat the body as a point mass walking on rigid, massless legs or bouncing along on a spring. Others incorporate a few limb segments with appropriate masses, operated in some cases by a few muscles with realistic physiological properties. These simple models have been used to tackle questions such as these: why do we walk at low speeds but break into a run to go faster? Why do we change the length of our strides, and the patterns of force we exert on the ground, as we increase speed? Why do high jumpers run up more slowly than long jumpers and set down the take-off leg at a shallower angle? Why do we activate muscles sequentially, when throwing a ball? In every case the explanatory power of the model is enhanced by its simplicity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (34) ◽  
pp. 170-180
Author(s):  
Juan Camilo Hernandez-Gomez ◽  
Alejandro Restrepo-Martínez ◽  
Juliana Valencia-Aguirre

Clasificar el movimiento humano se ha convertido en una necesidad tecnológica, en donde para definir la posición de un sujeto requiere identificar el recorrido de las extremidades y el tronco del cuerpo, y tener la capacidad de diferenciar esta posición respecto a otros sujetos o movimientos, generándose la necesidad tener datos y algoritmos que faciliten su clasificación. Es así, como en este trabajo, se evalúa la capacidad discriminante de datos de captura de movimiento en rehabilitación física, donde la posición de los sujetos es adquirida con el Kinect de Microsoft y marcadores ópticos, y atributos del movimiento generados con el marco de Frenet Serret, evaluando su capacidad discriminante con los algoritmos máquinas de soporte vectorial, redes neuronales y k vecinos más cercanos. Los resultados presentan porcentajes de acierto del 93.5% en la clasificación con datos obtenidos del Kinect, y un éxito del 100% para los movimientos con marcadores ópticos. Classify human movement has become a technological necessity, where defining the position of a subject requires identifying the trajectory of the limbs and trunk of the body, having the ability to differentiate this position from other subjects or movements, which generates the need to have data and algorithms that help their classification. Therefore, the discriminant capacity of motion capture data in physical rehabilitation is evaluated, where the position of the subjects is acquired with the Microsoft Kinect and optical markers. Attributes of the movement generated with the Frenet Serret framework. Evaluating their discriminant capacity by means of support vector machines, neural networks, and k nearest neighbors algorithms. The obtained results present an accuracy of 93.5% in the classification with data obtained from the Kinect, and success of 100% for movements where the position is defined with optical markers.


Author(s):  
Nicolás Salazar-Sutil ◽  
Sebastián Melo

This chapter presents a cross-history of motion visualization, especially in relation to the human movement duration in time-based media. Such a crossover discourse from chronophotography to photodynamism facilitates a number of shifts from analytical to nonanalytical, and from scientific to artistic visual experimentation. Because chronophotography and dynamophotography remain unresolved fields, they offer a distinct way of perceiving how the body moves, quite separate from cinematic vision, which has become congealed into a dominant disciplinary visual and academic discourse. Within a chronophotographic collection of visual histories, the impact of classical movement analysis and Etienne Jules-Marey’s chronophotographic science on modern chronophotographic art (such as that of Marcel Duchamp) and Italian photodynamism is key. This complex historical crucible presents us with an enduring tradition of hybrid experimentalism in the visualization of the moving (dancing) body, which persists in digital contexts through work that combines chrono- and dynamophotographic visions.


2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
Per-Anders Fransson ◽  
Magnus Hjerpe ◽  
Rolf Johansson

Control of orthograde posture and use of adaptive adjustments constitutes essential topics of human movement control, both in maintenance of static posture and in ensuring body stability during locomotion. The objective was to investigate, in twelve normal subjects, how head, shoulder, hip and knee movements and torques induced towards the support surface were affected by vibratory proprioceptive and galvanic vestibular stimulation, and to investigate whether movement pattern, body posture and movement coordination were changed over time. Our findings suggest that the adaptive process to enhance stability involves both alteration of the multi-segmented movement pattern and alteration of body posture. The magnitude of the vibratory stimulation intensity had a prominent influence on the evoked multi-segmented movement pattern. The trial conditions also influenced whether the posture were altered and if these posture adjustments were done directly at stimulation onset or gradually over a longer period. Moreover, the correlation values showed that the subjects, primarily during trials with vibratory stimulation alone, significantly increased the body movement coordination at stimulation onset and maintained this movement pattern throughout the stimulation period. Furthermore, when exposed to balance perturbations the test subjects synchronized significantly the head and torso movements in anteroposterior direction during all trial conditions.


AI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-298
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hossny ◽  
Julie Iskander

Learning to maintain postural balance while standing requires a significant, fine coordination effort between the neuromuscular system and the sensory system. It is one of the key contributing factors towards fall prevention, especially in the older population. Using artificial intelligence (AI), we can similarly teach an agent to maintain a standing posture, and thus teach the agent not to fall. In this paper, we investigate the learning progress of an AI agent and how it maintains a stable standing posture through reinforcement learning. We used the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient method (DDPG) and the OpenSim musculoskeletal simulation environment based on OpenAI Gym. During training, the AI agent learnt three policies. First, it learnt to maintain the Centre-of-Gravity and Zero-Moment-Point in front of the body. Then, it learnt to shift the load of the entire body on one leg while using the other leg for fine tuning the balancing action. Finally, it started to learn the coordination between the two pre-trained policies. This study shows the potentials of using deep reinforcement learning in human movement studies. The learnt AI behaviour also exhibited attempts to achieve an unplanned goal because it correlated with the set goal (e.g., walking in order to prevent falling). The failed attempts to maintain a standing posture is an interesting by-product which can enrich the fall detection and prevention research efforts.


2012 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 383-386
Author(s):  
Hai Long Su ◽  
Da Wei Zhang

Walking is a complex dynamic task that requires the regulation of the whole-body angular momentum to maintain dynamic balance while performing walking subtasks such as propelling the body forward and accelerating the leg into swing. To investigate the characteristic of slips and falls during gait self-balancing, a method was proposed that could better understand the effects of pre-slip gait response biomechanics on the risk for falls. A new segmental model of the human body was developed and this model would be used continuously measured locations from nearly 85 points on the body to produce a dynamic postural record of human movement. The muscles surrounding the hip were found to be most important in maintaining control of the trunk and preventing collapse in response to the forward perturbations (FP).


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