All of the accuracy in half of the time: assessing abbreviated versions of the Test of Memory Malingering in the context of verbal and visual memory impairment

Abstract Objective This study examined Rey 15-Item Test (RFIT), RFIT/Recognition Trial, and Test of Memory Malingering-Trial 1 (TOMM-T1) performance as a function of increasing visual memory impairment to assess the effect of bona fide memory deficits on these performance validity tests (PVTs). Method Cross-sectional data from 146 patients who were administered the RFIT, TOMM-T1, and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised Delayed Recall (BVMT-R DR) trial were examined. In total, 120/146 (82%) were classified as valid and 26/146 (18%) as invalid per 4 independent criterion PVTs. The valid sample was 55% female/45% male, 39% Caucasian, 33% African American, 19% Hispanic, 7% Asian, and 3% other, with mean age of 46.2 (SD = 16.7) and education of 14.0 years (SD = 2.6). BVMT-R DR memory impairment bands were defined as ≥40 T (unimpaired; N = 70), 30-39 T (mild impairment; N = 26), and ≤ 29 T (severe impairment; N = 24). Results Multivariate analysis of variance with memory impairment bands as the fixed factor was significant, (p < .001, np2 = .21). Follow-up ANOVAs for RFIT (p < .001, np2 = .29) and RFIT/Recognition (p < .001, np2 = .34) were significant with large effect sizes, whereas TOMM-T1 (p < .05, np2 = .07) exhibited significant, albeit smaller, differences across memory bands. Post-hoc comparisons showed the unimpaired group outperformed the mild and severe impairment groups on the RFIT and RFIT/Recognition, whereas nonsignificant TOMM-T1 differences emerged between the three memory groups. Finally, significantly more patients with memory impairment failed the RFIT (X2 = 18.01, p < .001), and RFIT/Recognition (X2 = 23.70, p < .001), but not TOMM-T1 (X2 = 3.70, p = .16). Conclusions Results showed the RFIT and RFIT/Recognition were more highly affected by memory impairment and yielded significantly greater false positives with increasing memory impairment compared to TOMM-T1.

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Processing Speed and Working Memory Span: Their Differential Role in Superficial and Deep Memory Processes in Schizophrenia

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617711000208 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 485-493 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gildas Brébion ◽

Rodrigo A. Bressan ◽

Lyn S. Pilowsky ◽

Anthony S. David

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Processing Speed ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Memory Span ◽

Memory Deficit ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Group Processing ◽

Two Factors

Previous work has suggested that decrement in both processing speed and working memory span plays a role in the memory impairment observed in patients with schizophrenia. We undertook a study to examine simultaneously the effect of these two factors. A sample of 49 patients with schizophrenia and 43 healthy controls underwent a battery of verbal and visual memory tasks. Superficial and deep encoding memory measures were tallied. We conducted regression analyses on the various memory measures, using processing speed and working memory span as independent variables. In the patient group, processing speed was a significant predictor of superficial and deep memory measures in verbal and visual memory. Working memory span was an additional significant predictor of the deep memory measures only. Regression analyses involving all participants revealed that the effect of diagnosis on all the deep encoding memory measures was reduced to non-significance when processing speed was entered in the regression. Decreased processing speed is involved in verbal and visual memory deficit in patients, whether the task require superficial or deep encoding. Working memory is involved only insofar as the task requires a certain amount of effort. (JINS, 2011, 17, 485–493)

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The impact of memory impairment on the test of memory malingering (TOMM)

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/14.1.99 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 99-99

Author(s):

C. H. Kennedy ◽

L. M. Ryan ◽

H. J. Riordan ◽

M. R. Sperling ◽

B. L. Malamut

Keyword(s):

Memory Impairment ◽

Test Of Memory Malingering ◽

The Impact

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Visual Memory Impairment in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Controlled Study

Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics ◽

10.1159/000288933 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 22-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

S. Dirson ◽

M. Bouvard ◽

J. Cottraux ◽

R. Martin

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder

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Verbal and visual memory impairment in childrem with epilepsy

Neuropsychologia ◽

10.1016/0028-3932(93)90101-5 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 31 (12) ◽

pp. 1321-1337 ◽

Cited By ~ 132

Author(s):

Isabelle Jambaqué ◽

Georges Dellatolas ◽

Olivier Dulac ◽

Gerard Ponsot ◽

Jean-Louis Signoret

Keyword(s):

Visual Memory ◽

Memory Impairment

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Effects of Ganoderma Lucidum Extract on Morphine-Induced Addiction and Memory Impairment in Mice

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac121.10761084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 1076-1084

Keyword(s):

Conditioned Place Preference ◽

Drug Addiction ◽

Ganoderma Lucidum ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Memory Loss ◽

Place Preference ◽

Term Memory ◽

Morphine Addiction

Ganoderma lucidum extract (Lingzhi) has been used so far with various pharmacological effects. However, the reports on its effects on drug addiction, especially morphine, and morphine-induced memory impairment in vivo, remain limited. In the present study, the effect of G. lucidum extracts on preventing morphine addiction was evaluated by the conditioned place preference model. The extract's learning and memory improvement activities on morphine-induced memory loss were examined using Y maze, novel recognition, and Morris water maze tests. The results found that G. lucidum extracts at doses of 200-400 mg/kg decreased conditioned place preference score and increased the percentage of alteration, novel object exploration, and prolongation of locating hidden platform. With these doses, G. lucidum extracts prevented morphine addiction and improved short-term memory, visual memory, and long-term memory impairment caused by morphine. Our results first demonstrated that G. lucidum extracts promised as an effective natural source in treating drug addiction and morphine-induced memory loss.

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MEMORY STATUS AMONG CHILDREN WITH EPILEPSY

10.36106/ijsr/7404107 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 33-35

Author(s):

Arun John ◽

Santanu Deb ◽

Palash R Gogoi ◽

Jasmine Mary Lyngdoh ◽

Prasenjit Paul ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Verbal Memory ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Early Screening ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Status ◽

Age Appropriate ◽

Memory Status

Objective: To study the status of visual and verbal memory status among children with epilepsy and effects on schooling. Methods:This descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled children aged 5 to 15 years who have been diagnosed to have epilepsy and has been seizure free during last one month. Enrolled children (81) were evaluated by using two sub tests selected from the National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences(NIMHANS) Neuropsychological Battery for Children, Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning test and Memory for Designs test, for verbal and visual memory status respectively and the child was graded on the basis of the standard scores. Schooling details were obtained by questioners to care taker. Results: Memory impairment (MI) was identied in 50 (61.7%) Children with Epilepsy (CWE) (predominantly verbal memory impairment). 20 (25%) CWE were not attending age appropriate class. Among these 20 CWE, 17(85%) children had memory impairment. p: 0.01. There were 25 CWE performing poorly, among them 22(88%) children had memory impairment. p <0.0024. A total of 8 children were school dropouts and all 8 had MI (100%).Conclusions:MI was found to be very common in CWE. MI among CWE was found to negatively inuence age appropriate schooling and school performance. Early screening and appropriate support may improve the outcome.

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The impact of memory impairment on the test of memory malingering (TOMM) Kennedy, C. H., Ryan, L. M., Riordan, H. J., Sperling, M. R., & Malamut, B. L.

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1016/s0887-6177(99)90504-8 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 99

Keyword(s):

Memory Impairment ◽

Test Of Memory Malingering ◽

The Impact

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Vascular Territory, White Matter Connections and the Neuroanatomical Basis of Memory Impairment after Stroke

10.1101/19012385 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Paul Wright ◽

Michael J. O’Sullivan

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Verbal Memory ◽

Visual Memory ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Visual Recognition ◽

Recall Performance ◽

Lesion Volume ◽

Lesion Location ◽

Verbal Recall ◽

Left Posterior

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate neuroanatomical correlates of memory impairment 30-90 days after stroke, including the role of white matter connections in the core circuit for episodic memory.MethodsA cohort of 179 patients with first symptomatic ischaemic stroke were enrolled into a longitudinal cognitive study, STRATEGIC. Verbal and visual memory were assessed at 50±19 (range 22-109) days. Lesion topography was defined by imaging (n=152). In a representative subgroup (n=53), 3T MRI and tractography was used to define patterns of tract injury and microstructure of uninjured tracts.ResultsLesion location, defined by arterial territory, was associated with verbal memory impairment (F(12,164)=2.62, p=0.003), independent of other factors such as age, risk factor status and lesion volume. Independent lesion symptom mapping identified regions of the left posterior temporal white matter, within the left posterior cerebral artery territory, associated specifically with verbal recall. Visual recognition memory was associated with microstructure of the uninjured fornix but not with lesion location.ConclusionsInfarct location strongly influenced verbal recall performance 50 days after stroke. Damage in two locations underpinned this relationship: the thalamus; and within the left PCA territory, where disconnection of parahippocampal white matter projections contributed to verbal memory impairment in some cases. The correlates of early cognitive prognosis were domain-specific with a different pattern of associations with executive function. The association between microstructure of the uninjured fornix and visual memory might reflect the effects of comorbid pathology on hippocampal circuits.

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