Mental health, self-esteem, and influences on sexual values and attitudes among black South African adolescent males

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-482
Author(s):  
Jabulani G Kheswa ◽  
Chrizanne van Eeden ◽  
Sebastiaan Rothmann ◽  
Elizabeth Bothma
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South African ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Adolescent Males ◽  
Sexual Values ◽  
Black South African

Racial Preference and Self-Esteem in Black South African Children

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Kelly ◽  
John Duckitt
Keyword(s):  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
South African ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Minority Children ◽  
Black South African ◽  
African Children ◽  
South African Children

Discrimination against black minority children was originally viewed as causing them to evaluate their own-group negatively and the white out-group positively, resulting in impaired self-esteem. Research, however, has produced inconsistent findings, possibly because of social change and the black consciousness movement. The present study investigated this issue among black South African children, a social group that has experienced particularly severe racial discrimination. As expected, the findings indicated that self-esteem, own-group racial pride, and overall ethnocentrism were significantly higher amongst older ( n = 37; 10 to 12-years old) than among younger black children ( n = 41; 6 to 8-years old). The younger children showed a slight though non-significant tendency to out-group favouritism, while the pattern for the older children was non-preference. However, the correlations of self-esteem with in-group pride, out-group prejudice, and overall ethnocentrism were non-significant suggesting that the own-group and out-group attitudes of minority children do not necessarily effect their self-attitudes.

scholarly journals Psychological, Biological, and Behavioral Predictors of Changes in Eating Attitudes from Age 13 to 17 Y Among Urban, Black South African Adolescents (P18-102-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alysse Kowalski ◽  
Shane Norris ◽  
Linda Richter ◽  
Rachel Waford ◽  
Aryeh Stein
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
South African ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Weight Control Behavior ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Control Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Predictors ◽  
Eat 26

Abstract Objectives Psychological, biological, and behavioral predictors of change in adolescent eating attitudes have not previously been examined in a South African context. We aimed to characterize patterns and predictors of trends in eating attitudes from age 13 to 17 y in an urban South African cohort. Methods Data come from the Birth to Twenty Plus birth cohort in Soweto-Johannesburg. The 26-item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was administered at ages 13 and 17 y. Self-esteem, weight control behavior, and body mass index (BMI) were assessed at the same ages. Sex-specific associations of changes in predictors over time with changes in the EAT-26 were modeled using linear regression. Results At age 13 y, EAT-26 (mean ± SD) was 9.92 ± 7.34 with no difference between girls and boys. At age 17 y, EAT-26 was higher, reflecting poorer eating attitudes, among girls (11.14 ± 8.75) than boys (10.06 ± 6.77). From age 13 to 17 y, self-esteem scores improved slightly (0.36 ± 4.95), with no difference by sex, while BMI increased more among girls (2.57 ± 2.34 kg/m2) than boys (1.72 ± 2.21 kg/m2). More girls reported a weight loss attempt at age 17 (32%) than at 13 y (19%), while more boys reported trying to lose weight at age 13 (14%) than at 17 y (9%). Among girls, greater BMI increase from age 13 to age 17 y was associated with higher EAT-26 (β = 0.52 per kg/m2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09, 0.95), and increased self-esteem score was associated with decreased EAT-26 (β = −0.40, CI: −0.59, −0.22). Similar associations were observed among boys. Compared to those whose weight control behavior did not change, attempted weight loss at age 13 y but not at age 17 y was associated with decreased EAT-26 (β = −3.67, CI: −7.3, −0.03) among girls, while among boys, attempted weight loss at age 17 y but not at age 13 y was associated with increased EAT-26 (β = 7.16, CI: 3.53, 10.8). Conclusions In a longitudinal sample of Black South African adolescents, improved self-esteem and decreased BMI were each associated with improved eating attitudes in both boys and girls, while associations of patterns of weight control behavior with eating attitudes differed by sex. Funding Sources NIH Fogarty International Center, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, University of the Witwatersrand, South African Medical Research Council. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Suicide Attempters, Suicide Ideators, and Non-Ideators

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Teismann ◽  
Laura Paashaus ◽  
Paula Siegmann ◽  
Peter Nyhuis ◽  
Marcus Wolter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Positive Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reasons For Living ◽  
Suicide Attempters

Abstract. Background: Suicide ideation is a prerequisite for suicide attempts. However, the majority of ideators will never act on their thoughts. It is therefore crucial to understand factors that differentiate those who consider suicide from those who make suicide attempts. Aim: Our aim was to investigate the role of protective factors in differentiating non-ideators, suicide ideators, and suicide attempters. Method: Inpatients without suicide ideation ( n = 32) were compared with inpatients with current suicide ideation ( n = 37) and with inpatients with current suicide ideation and a lifetime history of suicide attempts ( n = 26) regarding positive mental health, self-esteem, trust in higher guidance, social support, and reasons for living. Results: Non-ideators reported more positive mental health, social support, reasons for living, and self-esteem than suicide ideators and suicide attempters did. No group differences were found regarding trust in higher guidance. Suicide ideators and suicide attempters did not differ regarding any of the study variables. Limitations: Results stem from a cross-sectional study of suicide attempts; thus, neither directionality nor generalizability to fatal suicide attempts can be determined. Conclusion: Various protective factors are best characterized to distinguish ideators from nonsuicidal inpatients. However, the same variables seem to offer no information about the difference between ideators and attempters.

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