Functional Structure in Sentences: A Performance Analysis

1971 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Kennedy ◽  
A. L. Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Deep Structure ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Surface Structures ◽  
Input Matrix ◽  
Tree Structures ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Identical Performance

Two experiments are reported which attempt to define the groupings of component words within sentences which subjects have committed to memory. The structural groupings are indexed by judgement latencies for pairs of words and these serve as the input matrix for a hierarchical clustering (HC) analysis. It is concluded that when subjects make judgements concerning the forward order of pairs of words, the latencies imply the presence of a hierarchical organization. Although the tree structures obtained do not follow in any detail the surface structures of the sentence types in either experiment, nonetheless when constituent analysis indicates no difference it is accompanied by identical performance structures, and when a surface distinction is called for, an appropriate difference is found in the tree diagrams produced by cluster analysis. Deep structure differences involving the rearrangement of component words are not found in the hierarchical structure subjects imposed. The pausing patterns followed by subjects when reading the sentences are shown to relate to the structural diagrams generated by the HC analysis.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Structure of Protein Sequence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexei N. Nekrasov ◽  
Yuri P. Kozmin ◽  
Sergey V. Kozyrev ◽  
Rustam H. Ziganshin ◽  
Alexandre G. de Brevern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Protein Sequence ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Sequence Organization ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure

Most non-infectious diseases are associated with dysfunction of proteins or protein complexes. Аssociation between sequence and structure is analyzed since a long time, and analysis of sequence organization in domains and motifs is actual research area. A mathematical method is proposed here to identify the hierarchical organization of protein sequences. The method is based on pentapeptide as a unit of protein sequences. This method was applied on a non-homologous dataset of protein sequences. The analysis revealed 11 hierarchical levels of protein sequence organization, showing the relationship of these multiple fragments of sequences. Using different examples, we illustrated how the fragments of the spatial structure of protein correspond to the elements of the hierarchical structure of the protein sequence. A hierarchical structure is observed in the protein sequence. This methodology is an interesting basis for mathematically based classification of elements of spatial organization of proteins. Elements of the hierarchical structure of different levels of the hierarchy can be used for biotechnological and medical problems.

scholarly journals Managing Hierarchically Structured DTN-Like Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Riku Luostarinen ◽  
Jukka Manner
Keyword(s):  
Network Management ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
Management Scheme ◽  
Management Protocol ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Management Responsibility ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Hierarchical Management

Network management in Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks (DTNs) is an active research topic and covers topics such as system architecture, roles of actors, and management protocol. The existing solutions either expect a flat management hierarchy or do not address the hierarchical structure used in management. However, in many real-world DTN use cases, particularly in emergency and military contexts, the actors using the DTN system are a part of an organizational or operational hierarchy, and the network design and topology follow the hierarchical structure. This paper introduces a DTN management scheme that is based on that hierarchy. The paper presents a node categorization that is based on the hierarchy, the characteristics of the hierarchical management, roles and responsibilities of the managed and managing nodes in the hierarchy, and the related concept of management responsibility stack. Further, the paper discusses the characteristics of the messaging and configurability of the nodes in a hierarchical network, and introduces a problem called DTN management trilemma. The paper also presents a use case where the concepts of this paper are applied to network management of a hierarchical organization in a reference scenario, and the performance of the hierarchical management methods is compared to an equivalent nonhierarchical solution.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Structure of Protein Sequence

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8339
Author(s):  
Alexei N. Nekrasov ◽  
Yuri P. Kozmin ◽  
Sergey V. Kozyrev ◽  
Rustam H. Ziganshin ◽  
Alexandre G. de Brevern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Protein Sequence ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Branching Points ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
The Relationship

Most non-communicable diseases are associated with dysfunction of proteins or protein complexes. The relationship between sequence and structure has been analyzed for a long time, and the analysis of the sequences organization in domains and motifs remains an actual research area. Here, we propose a mathematical method for revealing the hierarchical organization of protein sequences. The method is based on the pentapeptide as a unit of protein sequences. Employing the frequency of occurrence of pentapeptides in sequences of natural proteins and a special mathematical approach, this method revealed a hierarchical structure in the protein sequence. The method was applied to 24,647 non-homologous protein sequences with sizes ranging from 50 to 400 residues from the NRDB90 database. Statistical analysis of the branching points of the graphs revealed 11 characteristic values of y (the width of the inscribed function), showing the relationship of these multiple fragments of the sequences. Several examples illustrate how fragments of the protein spatial structure correspond to the elements of the hierarchical structure of the protein sequence. This methodology provides a promising basis for a mathematically-based classification of the elements of the spatial organization of proteins. Elements of the hierarchical structure of different levels of the hierarchy can be used to solve biotechnological and medical problems.

Parafia unicka w Rachaniach do 1811 roku/ The Uniate Parish in Rachanie until 1811

2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Adam Frykowski
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Holy Communion ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church ◽  
Ancillary Equipment

AbstractThe following paper depicts the history of Saint Simeon Stylites Uniate Parish in Rachanie since it became known in historical sources until 1811- that is the time it ceased to be an independent church unit. The introduction of the article contains the geographical location of the parish, its size and the position within the hierarchical structure of the Church. Having analysed post-visit inspection protocols left by Chelm Bishops, the appearance as well as fittings and ancillary equipment of the church in Rachanie in that particular period are reported. Moreover, the list of 4 local clergymen is recreated and their benefice is determined. As far as possible, both the number of worshipers and the number of Holy Communion receivers is determined.

Default Logic Models of Certain Inheritance Systems with Exceptions

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 129-149
Author(s):  
Serge Garlatti
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Formal Semantics ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Nonmonotonic Reasoning ◽  
Default Logic ◽  
Representation Systems ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Structure Of Knowledge ◽  
Made In

Representation systems based on inheritance networks are founded on the hierarchical structure of knowledge. Such representation is composed of a set of objects and a set of is-a links between nodes. Objects are generally defined by means of a set of properties. An inheritance mechanism enables us to share properties across the hierarchy, called an inheritance graph. It is often difficult, even impossible to define classes by means of a set of necessary and sufficient conditions. For this reason, exceptions must be allowed and they induce nonmonotonic reasoning. Many researchers have used default logic to give them formal semantics and to define sound inferences. In this paper, we propose a survey of the different models of nonmonotonic inheritance systems by means of default logic. A comparison between default theories and inheritance mechanisms is made. In conclusion, the ability of default logic to take some inheritance mechanisms into account is discussed.

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