The effect of obesity on human reproductive health and foetal life

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Serap Incedal Irgat ◽  
Hande Bakirhan
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Foetal Life ◽  
Human Reproductive

scholarly journals The 2nd URNCST Journal Case Abstract Competition: Human Reproductive Health and Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. A1-A5
Author(s):  
Molly HR Cowls ◽  
Jessica B Saini ◽  
Jeremy Y Ng
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Human Reproductive

An overview on role of some trace elements in human reproductive health, sperm function and fertilization process

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdiyeh Mirnamniha ◽  
Fereshteh Faroughi ◽  
Eisa Tahmasbpour ◽  
Pirooz Ebrahimi ◽  
Asghar Beigi Harchegani
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
Human Semen ◽  
Antioxidative Properties ◽  
Human Reproductive

Abstract Human semen contains several trace elements such as calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) which are necessary for reproductive health, normal spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, motility and capacitation, as well as normal sperm function. In this review, the potential role of these trace elements in male reproductive health, normal function of spermatozoa and fertility potency were considered. We selected and reviewed articles that considered crucial roles of trace elements in human sperm function and fertility. Ca is essential for sperm motility and its hyperactivation, sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction, as well as sperm chemotaxis. Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are involved in sperm motility and capacitation. Mg is necessary for normal ejaculation, spermatogenesis and sperm motility. Zn is one of the most significant nutrients in human semen. Seminal deficiency of Zn can be associated with delayed testicular development, impaired spermatogenesis, deficiency of sex hormones, oxidative stress and inflammation, and apoptosis. Se is another significant element which has antioxidative properties and is essential for spermatogenesis and the maintenance of male fertility. Mn is a potent stimulator for sperm motility; however, increased level of seminal plasma Se can be toxic for sperm. Like Se, Cu has antioxidative properties and has a positive effect on sperm parameters. Decreased level of these trace elements can negatively affect human reproductive health, semen quality, sperm normal function and as the result, fertility potency in men. Measurement of these trace elements in men with idiopathic infertility is necessary.

scholarly journals Chlamydia trachomatisand Genital Mycoplasmas: Pathogens with an Impact on Human Reproductive Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunčanica Ljubin-Sternak ◽  
Tomislav Meštrović
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Membrane Rupture ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Tubal Factor ◽  
Genital Mycoplasmas

The most prevalent, curable sexually important diseases are those caused byChlamydia trachomatis(C. trachomatis) and genital mycoplasmas. An important characteristic of these infections is their ability to cause long-term sequels in upper genital tract, thus potentially affecting the reproductive health in both sexes. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), tubal factor infertility (TFI), and ectopic pregnancy (EP) are well documented complications ofC. trachomatisinfection in women. The role of genital mycoplasmas in development of PID, TFI, and EP requires further evaluation, but growing evidence supports a significant role for these in the pathogenesis of chorioamnionitis, premature membrane rupture, and preterm labor in pregnant woman. BothC. trachomatisand genital mycoplasmas can affect the quality of sperm and possibly influence the fertility of men. For the purpose of this paper, basic, epidemiologic, clinical, therapeutic, and public health issue of these infections were reviewed and discussed, focusing on their impact on human reproductive health.

Sexual and Reproductive Health in (Nigeria) Africa: Issues, Debate and Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Diana-Abasi Ibanga
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Religious Community ◽  
The Public ◽  
Religious Perspectives ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Traditional Norms ◽  
Reproductive Health Policy ◽  
Philosophical Understanding

Human reproductive health is still at risk in Nigeria. In response to the problem, the Federal Government of Nigeria launched the National Reproductive Health Policy in 2001 to serve as the framework to base reproductive health strategies and interventions. Despite this, the country is far from achieving its set target. Several factors have been identified as the elements behind this challenge. One of such factor is cultural and religious beliefs. Religions have been known to have influenced people on beliefs of various kinds, especially on the issue of human sexuality and reproduction. There are two main religions in Nigeria – Christianity, and Islam. Their doctrines on sexual and reproductive health have been challenging. This paper sets out to map out these religious perspectives in the light of contemporary and practical relevance based on a sound philosophical understanding. This approach is important in order to bridge the communication gap between the cultural/religious community and the public health intervention workforce, so as to create synergy towards effective action. Moreover, the paper argues that silence on sexual matters should no longer be held as a virtue since traditional norms have lost their capacity to modernity.  

scholarly journals Experimental Evidence of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlordibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) Transgenerational Effects on Reproductive Health

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 9091
Author(s):  
Laura Gaspari ◽  
Françoise Paris ◽  
Nicolas Kalfa ◽  
Marie-Odile Soyer-Gobillard ◽  
Charles Sultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Agent Orange ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
Female Reproductive Health ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Previous studies have demonstrated that endocrine disruptors (EDs) can promote the transgenerational inheritance of disease susceptibility. Among the many existing EDs, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlordibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) affects reproductive health, including in humans, following direct occupational exposure or environmental disasters, for instance the Agent Orange sprayed during the Vietnam War. Conversely, few studies have focused on TCDD multigenerational and transgenerational effects on human reproductive health, despite the high amount of evidence in animal models of such effects on male and female reproductive health that mimic human reproductive system disorders. Importantly, these studies show that paternal ancestral TCDD exposure substantially contributes to pregnancy outcome and fetal health, although pregnancy outcome is considered tightly related to the woman’s health. In this work, we conducted a systematic review of the literature and a knowledge synthesis in order (i) to describe the findings obtained in rodent models concerning TCDD transgenerational effects on reproductive health and (ii) to discuss the epigenetic molecular alterations that might be involved in this process. As ancestral toxicant exposure cannot be changed in humans, identifying the crucial reproductive functions that are negatively affected by such exposure may help clinicians to preserve male and female fertility and to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes.

scholarly journals Exogenous Oestrogen Impacts Cell Fate Decision in the Developing Gonads: A Potential Cause of Declining Human Reproductive Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8377
Author(s):  
Melanie K. Stewart ◽  
Deidre M. Mattiske ◽  
Andrew J. Pask
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Gonad Development ◽  
Molecular Control ◽  
Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Differentiation ◽  
Exogenous Oestrogen ◽  
Human Reproductive

The increasing incidence of testicular dysgenesis syndrome-related conditions and overall decline in human fertility has been linked to the prevalence of oestrogenic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment. Ectopic activation of oestrogen signalling by EDCs in the gonad can impact testis and ovary function and development. Oestrogen is the critical driver of ovarian differentiation in non-mammalian vertebrates, and in its absence a testis will form. In contrast, oestrogen is not required for mammalian ovarian differentiation, but it is essential for its maintenance, illustrating it is necessary for reinforcing ovarian fate. Interestingly, exposure of the bi-potential gonad to exogenous oestrogen can cause XY sex reversal in marsupials and this is mediated by the cytoplasmic retention of the testis-determining factor SOX9 (sex-determining region Y box transcription factor 9). Oestrogen can similarly suppress SOX9 and activate ovarian genes in both humans and mice, demonstrating it plays an essential role in all mammals in mediating gonad somatic cell fate. Here, we review the molecular control of gonad differentiation and explore the mechanisms through which exogenous oestrogen can influence somatic cell fate to disrupt gonad development and function. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for defining the effects of oestrogenic EDCs on the developing gonads and ultimately their impacts on human reproductive health.

scholarly journals Impact of folate and homocysteine metabolism on human reproductive health

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Forges ◽  
P. Monnier-Barbarino ◽  
J.M. Alberto ◽  
R.M. Guéant-Rodriguez ◽  
J.L. Daval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Human Reproductive

scholarly journals ‘Abortion jurisprudence’ at Strasbourg: deferential, avoidant and normatively neutral?

Legal Studies ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fenwick
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Member States ◽  
Female Reproductive Health ◽  
European Court ◽  
Foetal Life ◽  
Gender Based

This paper evaluates the role being adopted by the European Court of Human Rights when confronted with claims arising from the extreme restriction of access to abortion services in certain Member States. It will be argued that in response to such claims the Court has been prepared to find that the suffering of the applicants can be captured as forms of rights violation, but it has sought to avoid taking a stance as to foetal life, leading it to adopt a highly deferential approach and to avoid the substantive issues at stake, of protection for female reproductive health, dignity and autonomy, in favour of focusing mainly on procedural ones. Having considered such issues as the missing gender-based aspects of the abortion jurisprudence, this paper concludes that its restrained and largely procedural stance has enabled the Court to provide some limited protection for women, on healthcare grounds, but that the opportunity to recognise that highly restrictive abortion regimes systematically and persistently create especially invidious discrimination based on gender has so far been missed.

scholarly journals Bisphenol A and human reproductive health

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E Cantonwine ◽  
Russ Hauser ◽  
John D Meeker
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Human Reproductive
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