Bisphenol A and human reproductive health

Abstract Human semen contains several trace elements such as calcium (Ca), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) which are necessary for reproductive health, normal spermatogenesis, sperm maturation, motility and capacitation, as well as normal sperm function. In this review, the potential role of these trace elements in male reproductive health, normal function of spermatozoa and fertility potency were considered. We selected and reviewed articles that considered crucial roles of trace elements in human sperm function and fertility. Ca is essential for sperm motility and its hyperactivation, sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction, as well as sperm chemotaxis. Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are involved in sperm motility and capacitation. Mg is necessary for normal ejaculation, spermatogenesis and sperm motility. Zn is one of the most significant nutrients in human semen. Seminal deficiency of Zn can be associated with delayed testicular development, impaired spermatogenesis, deficiency of sex hormones, oxidative stress and inflammation, and apoptosis. Se is another significant element which has antioxidative properties and is essential for spermatogenesis and the maintenance of male fertility. Mn is a potent stimulator for sperm motility; however, increased level of seminal plasma Se can be toxic for sperm. Like Se, Cu has antioxidative properties and has a positive effect on sperm parameters. Decreased level of these trace elements can negatively affect human reproductive health, semen quality, sperm normal function and as the result, fertility potency in men. Measurement of these trace elements in men with idiopathic infertility is necessary.

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Recent Advances in Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors for Detecting Bisphenol A

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20123364 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 3364 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Somayeh Tajik ◽

Hadi Beitollahi ◽

Fariba Garkani Nejad ◽

Kaiqiang Zhang ◽

Quyet Van Le ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Electrochemical Sensors ◽

Environmental Pollutants ◽

Modified Electrodes ◽

Recent Decade ◽

Raw Material ◽

Reliable Determination ◽

Chemically Modified ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Human Reproductive

In recent years, several studies have focused on environmental pollutants. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one prominent industrial raw material, and its extensive utilization and release into the environment constitute an environmental hazard. BPA is considered as to be an endocrine disruptor which mimics hormones, and has a direct relationship to the development and growth of animal and human reproductive systems. Moreover, intensive exposure to the compound is related to prostate and breast cancer, infertility, obesity, and diabetes. Hence, accurate and reliable determination techniques are crucial for preventing human exposure to BPA. Experts in the field have published general electrochemical procedures for detecting BPA. The present timely review critically evaluates diverse chemically modified electrodes using various substances that have been reported in numerous studies in the recent decade for use in electrochemical sensors and biosensors to detect BPA. Additionally, the essential contributions of these substances for the design of electrochemical sensors are presented. It has been predicted that chemically modified electrode-based sensing systems will be possible options for the monitoring of detrimental pollutants.

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Chlamydia trachomatisand Genital Mycoplasmas: Pathogens with an Impact on Human Reproductive Health

Journal of Pathogens ◽

10.1155/2014/183167 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Sunčanica Ljubin-Sternak ◽

Tomislav Meštrović

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Preterm Labor ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Membrane Rupture ◽

Human Reproductive ◽

Tubal Factor ◽

Genital Mycoplasmas

The most prevalent, curable sexually important diseases are those caused byChlamydia trachomatis(C. trachomatis) and genital mycoplasmas. An important characteristic of these infections is their ability to cause long-term sequels in upper genital tract, thus potentially affecting the reproductive health in both sexes. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), tubal factor infertility (TFI), and ectopic pregnancy (EP) are well documented complications ofC. trachomatisinfection in women. The role of genital mycoplasmas in development of PID, TFI, and EP requires further evaluation, but growing evidence supports a significant role for these in the pathogenesis of chorioamnionitis, premature membrane rupture, and preterm labor in pregnant woman. BothC. trachomatisand genital mycoplasmas can affect the quality of sperm and possibly influence the fertility of men. For the purpose of this paper, basic, epidemiologic, clinical, therapeutic, and public health issue of these infections were reviewed and discussed, focusing on their impact on human reproductive health.

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Sexual and Reproductive Health in (Nigeria) Africa: Issues, Debate and Approaches

Asian Journal of Humanity Art and Literature ◽

10.18034/ajhal.v7i1.366 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 21-32

Author(s):

Diana-Abasi Ibanga

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Health ◽

Sexual And Reproductive Health ◽

Public Health Intervention ◽

Religious Community ◽

The Public ◽

Religious Perspectives ◽

Human Reproductive ◽

Traditional Norms ◽

Reproductive Health Policy ◽

Philosophical Understanding

Human reproductive health is still at risk in Nigeria. In response to the problem, the Federal Government of Nigeria launched the National Reproductive Health Policy in 2001 to serve as the framework to base reproductive health strategies and interventions. Despite this, the country is far from achieving its set target. Several factors have been identified as the elements behind this challenge. One of such factor is cultural and religious beliefs. Religions have been known to have influenced people on beliefs of various kinds, especially on the issue of human sexuality and reproduction. There are two main religions in Nigeria – Christianity, and Islam. Their doctrines on sexual and reproductive health have been challenging. This paper sets out to map out these religious perspectives in the light of contemporary and practical relevance based on a sound philosophical understanding. This approach is important in order to bridge the communication gap between the cultural/religious community and the public health intervention workforce, so as to create synergy towards effective action. Moreover, the paper argues that silence on sexual matters should no longer be held as a virtue since traditional norms have lost their capacity to modernity.

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Acute Influences of Bisphenol A Exposure on Hypothalamic Release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone and Kisspeptin in Female Rhesus Monkeys

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2014-1634 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 156 (7) ◽

pp. 2563-2570 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Joseph R. Kurian ◽

Kim L. Keen ◽

Brian P. Kenealy ◽

James P. Garcia ◽

Curtis J. Hedman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Rhesus Monkeys ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Industrialized Countries ◽

Epidemiologic Evidence ◽

Wide Range ◽

Female Rhesus ◽

Human Reproductive ◽

High Level

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial compound with pervasive distribution in the environments of industrialized countries. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control recently found that greater than 90% of Americans carry detectable levels of BPA, raising concern over the direct influences of this compound on human physiology. Epidemiologic evidence links elevated BPA serum concentrations to human reproductive dysfunction, although controlled studies on the acute effect of BPA exposure on reproductive function are limited, particularly in primates. We evaluated the effect of direct BPA exposure on female primate hypothalamic peptide release. Specifically, using a microdialysis method, we examined the effects of BPA (0.1, 1, and 10nM) directly infused to the stalk-median eminence on the release of GnRH and kisspeptin (KP) in mid to late pubertal ovarian intact female rhesus monkeys. We found that the highest level of BPA exposure (10nM) suppressed both GnRH and KP release, whereas BPA at lower concentrations (0.1 and 1nM) had no apparent effects. In addition, we measured BPA in plasma and hypothalamic dialysates after an iv bolus injection of BPA (100 μg/kg). We found a relatively stable distribution of BPA between the blood and brain (plasma:brain ≅ 5:1) persists across a wide range of blood BPA concentrations (1–620 ng/mL). Findings of this study suggest that persistent, high-level exposures to BPA could impair female reproductive function by directly influencing hypothalamic neuroendocrine function.

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Human urinary excretion of non-persistent environmental chemicals: an overview of Danish data collected between 2006 and 2012

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-13-0522 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 147 (4) ◽

pp. 555-565 ◽

Cited By ~ 134

Author(s):

Hanne Frederiksen ◽

Tina Kold Jensen ◽

Niels Jørgensen ◽

Henriette Boye Kyhl ◽

Steffen Husby ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Human Biomonitoring ◽

Environmental Chemicals ◽

Industrial Chemicals ◽

The Past ◽

The Usa ◽

Human Reproductive ◽

Butyl Phthalate ◽

Main Component

Several non-persistent industrial chemicals have shown endocrine disrupting effects in animal studies and are suspected to be involved in human reproductive disorders. Among the non-persistent chemicals that have been discussed intensively during the past years are phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), triclosan (TCS), and parabens because of their anti-androgenic and/or estrogenic effects. Phthalates are plasticizers used in numerous industrial products. Bisphenol A is the main component of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Parabens and TCS are antimicrobial preservatives and other phenols such as benzophenone-3 (BP-3) act as a UV-screener, while chlorophenols and phenyl phenols are used as pesticides and fungicides in agriculture. In spite of the widespread use of industrial chemicals, knowledge of exposure sources and human biomonitoring studies among different segments of the population is very limited. In Denmark, we have no survey programs for non-persistent environmental chemicals, unlike some countries such as the USA (NHANES) and Germany (GerES). However, we have analyzed the excretion of seven parabens, nine phenols, and the metabolites of eight different phthalates in urine samples collected over the past 6 years from four Danish cohorts. Here, we present biomonitoring data on more than 3600 Danish children, adolescents, young men, and pregnant women from the general population. Our study shows that nearly all Danes were exposed to the six most common phthalates, to BPA, TCS, and BP-3, and to at least two of the parabens. The exposure to other non-persistent chemicals was also widespread. Our data indicate decreasing excretion of two common phthalates (di-n-butyl phthalate and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) over time.

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