Police paradigm shift after the 9/11 terrorist attacks: the empirical evidence from the United States municipal police departments

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
MoonSun Kim ◽  
Melchor C. de Guzman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
The United States ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
Municipal Police Departments

Texas sheriffs’ perceptions on firearm regulations and mass shootings

2021 ◽  
pp. 146135572110046
Author(s):  
Michele Bisaccia Meitl ◽  
Ashley Wellman ◽  
Patrick Kinkaid
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Mass Shootings ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
Municipal Police Departments ◽  
Discrete Populations ◽  
Limit Access

Criminal justice research often focuses exclusively on municipal police departments. Sheriffs’ departments are largely ignored in this research despite this population’s reach and role. There are nearly 3,000 sheriffs’ offices around the United States and they often serve as the only law enforcement body in rural areas. This study sought to address the scarcity of this research and focused on Texas sheriffs’ views regarding firearm regulations and the causes of mass shootings. An 18-question instrument created in consult with the Texas Narcotic Officers Association was sent to each sheriff in the 254 counties of Texas to assess their perceptions regarding solutions to mass shootings, disqualification criteria for gun ownership, and civilian access to certain types of firearms and ammunition. Responding sheriffs, as a whole, were reluctant to limit access to guns and ammunition as a general matter, but strongly agreed that certain discrete populations should have limited or no access to firearms. Policy implications are discussed.

Oleoresin Capsicum Spray and TASERs

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Brandl ◽  
Meghan S. Stroshine
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Police Department ◽  
The United States ◽  
Event Data ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Police Agencies ◽  
Municipal Police

In the last few decades, several less lethal forms of force have been introduced, adopted, and deployed by police agencies. Oleoresin capsicum (OC) spray is now used in nearly every department across the United States; the Thomas A. Swift Electric Rifle (TASER) is used in the majority of police departments. Despite their widespread use, we still know relatively little about the factors associated with the use of OC spray and TASERs and the effectiveness of these weapons in incapacitating subjects. Knowing when these weapons are used and whether they are effective would provide for a more complete understanding of their strengths and limitations and inform the debate about where less lethal weapons should be placed on use of force continua. This article contributes to the discussion by analyzing 504 use-of-force incidents where the police used OC spray or TASERs during the event. Data were obtained from a large municipal police department on incidents that occurred in 2010 and 2011. Policy considerations and directions for further research are discussed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Court-Ordered Hiring Quotas on the Composition and Quality of Police

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 318-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin McCrary
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Work Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
White Test ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
Municipal Police Departments ◽  
Newly Hired

Arguably the most aggressive affirmative action program ever implemented in the United States was a series of court-ordered racial hiring quotas imposed on municipal police departments. My best estimate of the effect of court-ordered affirmative action on work-force composition is a 14-percentage-point gain in the fraction African American among newly hired officers. Evidence on police performance is mixed. Despite substantial black-white test score differences on police department entrance examinations, city crime rates appear unaffected by litigation. However, litigation lowers slightly both arrests per crime and the fraction black among serious arrestees. (JEL H76, J15, J78, K31)

Police self-legitimacy and democratic orientations: Assessing shared values

2021 ◽  
pp. 146135572110326
Author(s):  
David R White ◽  
Michael J Kyle ◽  
Joseph A Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Organizational Fit ◽  
Democratic Policing ◽  
Municipal Police ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Municipal Police Departments

Using a sample of frontline police officers from several mid-sized municipal police departments in the United States, this study explores the relationships between frontline police officers’ self-legitimacy, organizational fit, moral alignment with policed communities, and attitudes toward democratic policing principles. Using partial least squares structural equation modeling, the analysis frames democratic policing using a formative latent construct to test several hypotheses. The results support a direct positive relationship between self-legitimacy and attitudes toward democratic policing, and suggest the relationship is partially mediated by officers' perceptions of moral alignment with their policed communities. The results further demonstrate that self-legitimacy is significantly related to organizational fit, but organizational fit does not appear to mediate the relationship between self-legitimacy and attitudes toward democratic policing.

The Effect of a Narrated Video of an Arrest on Civilians’ Perceptions of Police

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clare Giaimo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Perceptions Of Police

Trust of the police is at a 22-year low in the United States (Jones, 2015). Many police departments hold community discussions in an attempt to educate civilians and increase trust in the police (Star, 2017). This research explores whether an in depth, play-by-play explanation of force used during a video of a violent arrest can increase civilians’ perceptions of the police. Participants either watched a video of a violent arrest with narration or the same video with no narration. The narrator explained the tactics used by the police officers and how the tactics were used to avoid escalation of the violence during the arrest. After viewing one of the videos, both groups filled out the Perceptions of Police (POP) scale to indicate the participants’ feelings about the police. The type of video watched did not influence POP scores, however two interactions were significant. These results suggest that the police should focus on other methods of gaining the trust of Americans.

Refuge in the National Security State

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cristina García
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Security ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Department Of Homeland Security ◽  
The World ◽  
National Security State

In response to the terrorist attacks of 1993 and 2001, the Clinton and Bush administrations restructured the immigration bureaucracy, placed it within the new Department of Homeland Security, and tried to convey to Americans a greater sense of safety. Refugees, especially those from Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria, suffered the consequences of the new national security state policies, and found it increasingly difficult to find refuge in the United States. In the post-9/11 era, refugee advocates became even more important to the admission of refugees, reminding Americans of their humanitarian obligations, especially to those refugees who came from areas of the world where US foreign policy had played a role in displacing populations.

Fields of Danger: The Looming Threat of Agroterrorism on the United States’ Agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall Haley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
The United States ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Imported Food

Abstract An attack on America’s food supply could come in many forms such as: poisoning imported food, burning crop fields, or a conventional terrorist attacks on food centers; however, one of the most frightening and potentially disastrous scenarios for an attack is a coordinated, biological agroterrorism attack released on the nation’s livestock or crops.

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