scholarly journals Electromagnetic De-Shaling of Coal

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. R. de Jong ◽  
M. B. Mesina ◽  
W. Kuilman
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Array ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Coal Preparation ◽  
Industrial Glass ◽  
Simple Construction ◽  
Coal Product ◽  
Electromagnetic Sensor

The efficiency with which an electromagnetic sensor array is able to distinguish density and ash content of coal and shale mixtures was determined experimentally. The investigated sensor was originally designed for automatic metal detection and sorting in industrial glass recycle processing, where it is widely applied. In coal preparation, the results indicate good possibilities to remove automatically the remaining shale from the coal product, or to recover the remaining coal from the waste rock. Compared to alternative methods, the system has advantages of simple construction, insensitivity to fluctuating dust or moisture levels and a proven industrial reference. Applications can be either sorting of lump-sized coal or coal separation in the 10–50mm size range in a dry preparation process.

Effect of the Coal Preparation Process on Mercury Flows and Emissions in Coal Combustion Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiwei Ouyang ◽  
Kaiyun Liu ◽  
Qingru Wu ◽  
Shuxiao Wang ◽  
Yi Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Coal Preparation ◽  
Combustion Systems

scholarly journals Substrates for slow pyrolysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 08004
Author(s):  
Václav Peer ◽  
Jaroslav Frantík ◽  
Jan Kielar ◽  
Drahomír Mašek
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Simple Construction ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Solid Materials ◽  
Slow Pyrolysis ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Slow pyrolysis of solid materials can produce new materials usable for energy or chemical industry. The advantage of pyrolysis devices is the simple construction and process control and the ability to utilize materials with different properties (composition, ash content). Produced gaseous, liquid and solid materials could be used as a sources of energy, raw materials in chemical industry or substances for improving of soil properties. At article are described products of slow pyrolysis of biomass (wood chips), agrifuels (hay, wheat straw) and sewage sludge.

Water Content Estimation in Soils Using Novel Planar Electromagnetic Sensor Arrays

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Amri Md Yunus ◽  
Syahrul Hisyam Mohamad ◽  
Alif Syarafi M. Nor ◽  
Muhammad Hafis Izran ◽  
Sallehuddin Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Sensor Arrays ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Waveform Generator ◽  
Electromagnetic Sensors ◽  
Electromagnetic Sensor ◽  
The Relationship

Agriculture is one of the important sectors for food supplies. Therefore, a tool for monitoring the agro-environment is important in order to maintain the permanence of agricultural soils. This paper suggests an alternative method for the detection of water content in soils by developing a sensor array with a combination of planar meander and interdigital electromagnetic sensors. The study involved sensor array fabrication using the printed circuit board (PCB) method. The experimental setup consisted of a frequency waveform generator and a signal oscilloscope to collect and analyse the sensors’ output, with VEE Agilent software used to establish the interface. A set of experiments was conducted to determine the relationship between the sensors’ output and the soils’ parameters. The performance of the system was observed where the sensors were tested with the addition of various kinds of soil samples with different concentrations of water content. The sensitivity of the developed sensors was evaluated where the best sensor was selected. Based on the outcomes of the experiments, the Y sensor array placement has the highest sensitivity and can be used to measure the water content in the soils where the data accuracy is compared

scholarly journals Predicting changes in the sulfur content during steam coal preparation and the level of sulfur dioxide emissions when its combustion

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
M.V Chernyavskyy ◽  
A.M Voronov ◽  
O.V Moiseienko ◽  
S.H Duliienko ◽  
T.M Monastyriova
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Linear Dependence ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Coal Preparation ◽  
Total Sulfur ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Total Sulfur Content ◽  
Coal Rock ◽  
Pulverized Combustion

Purpose. Development of a method and forecast estimation of sulfur dioxide emission reduction during combustion of steam coal by regulating its quality during coal preparation. Methodology. Study on sulfur content in coal using sieve, fractional analysis, analysis of ash and total sulfur content. Forecasting of sulfur content in concentrate according to the developed calculation method. Production tests at the coal preparation plant. Forecasting of the level of SO2 emissions during pulverized coal combustion according to the developed calculation method. Findings. The distribution of sulfur content of Ukrainian steam bituminous coal by size classes depending on ash content is investigated; the proximity of sulfur content to the linear dependance on the ash content of the run-of-mine coal, rock-free substance, rock and concentrate is proved. The calculations of the level of SO2 emissions during pulverized combustion of coal and its cleaned products taking into account their elemental composition is performed, and the linear dependence of the level of SO2 emissions on the total sulfur content to lower heating value (LHV) ratio is proved. Based on the obtained results, methods are developed for determining the expected sulfur content in the concentrate and the forecasted level of SO2 emissions during its combustion; the optimal depth of preparation for the coal from various mines is determined by the criterion of compliance of the SO2 emission level with the current environmental standards. Originality. Proximity of the sulfur content to the linear dependence on the ash content of the run-of-mine coal, rock-free substance, rock and concentrate is proved. The linear dependence of the level of SO2 emissions on the ratio of the total sulfur content to LHV during pulverized combustion of coal and its clean products is proved. Practical value. A method has been developed for determining the expected sulfur content in the products of coal preparation by jigging, taking into account the allowable content of the high-density fraction in the concentrate and adding dense slimes to the coal preparation products. A method has been developed for determining the predicted level of SO2 emissions during their combustion. The optimal depth of the coal preparation for coal from various mines has been determined by the criterion of compliance of the level of SO2 emissions with the current environmental standards.

Introduction

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Coal Preparation ◽  
Political Pressure ◽  
Earthen Dam ◽  
Mountaintop Removal ◽  
Strip Mine

In the summer of 2009, I participated in a rally against mountaintop removal coal mining in Appalachia. The rally was held on the grounds of Marsh Fork Elementary, a school situated between the Coal River and Route 3 in Raleigh County, West Virginia. Sitting immediately below a slurry impoundment (a giant reservoir of toxic coal sludge produced by the coal preparation process and retained by an earthen dam), Marsh Fork Elementary also sat at the center of many debates surrounding the safety and justness of mountaintop removal. Activists cited increased health problems for Marsh Fork students due to their proximity to an active strip mine, such as abnormally high rates of asthma, and worried about the potentially disastrous consequences of any stresses or failures in the earthen dam retaining the slurry. The nearby mine and processing plant were owned and operated at the time by Massey Energy, one of the most controversial coal companies in the region. It was led by Don Blankenship, an outspoken and active opponent of labor unions and environmental regulations. Both Blankenship and his company were frequent targets for environmentalist outrage, and for his part, Blankenship seldom passed an opportunity to denounce “tree huggers” and others who, so he claimed, would destroy the jobs of hard-working Appalachian miners. In 2012 a new elementary school was built several miles from the original site, thanks to donations and ongoing political pressure; but in June 2009 these issues remained unsettled....

Effect of Fuel Properties on the Bottom Ash Generation Rate by a Laboratory Fluidized Bed Combustor

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter L. Rozelle ◽  
Sarma V. Pisupati ◽  
Alan W. Scaroni
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Test System ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fuel Properties ◽  
Inventory Level ◽  
Ash Removal

The fluidized bed combustion (FBC) process, used in power generation, can handle a variety of fuels. However, the range of fuels that can be accommodated by an FBC boiler system is affected by the ability of the fuel, sorbent, and ash-handling equipment to move the required solids through the boiler. Of specific interest is the bottom ash handling equipment, which must have sufficient capacity to remove ash from the system in order to maintain a constant bed inventory level, and must have sufficient capability to cool the ash well below the bed temperature. Quantification of a fuel’s bottom ash removal requirements can be useful for plant design. The effect of fuel properties, on the rate of bottom ash production in a laboratory FBC test system was examined. The work used coal products ranging in ash content from 20to40+wt.%. The system’s classification of solids by particle size into flyash and bottom ash was characterized using a partition curve. Fuel sizing was compared to the partition curve, and fuels were fractionated by particle size. Fuel fractions in the size range characteristic of bottom ash were further analyzed for distributions of ash content with respect to specific gravity, using float sink tests. The fuel fractions were then ashed in a fixed bed. In each case, the highest ash content fraction produced ash with the coarsest size consist (characteristic of bottom ash). The lower ash content fractions were found to produce ash in the size range characteristic of flyash, suggesting that the high ash content fractions were largely responsible for the production of bottom ash. The contributions of the specific gravity fractions to the composite ash in the fuels were quantified. The fuels were fired in the laboratory test system. Fuels with higher amounts of high specific gravity particles, in the size ranges characteristic of bottom ash, were found to produce more bottom ash, indicating the potential utility of float sink methods in the prediction of bottom ash removal requirements.

ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY FOR PALM COOKING OIL DISCRIMINATOR USING PLANAR ELECTROMAGNETIC SENSOR ARRAY

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (7-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Amsyar Azman ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Sallehuddin Ibrahim ◽  
Aizat Azmi ◽  
Agus Arsad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Impedance Spectroscopy ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Electromagnetic Sensor ◽  
The Cost

Cooking oil is an important product in the Malaysia food industries. Most of the cooking oil products is based on palm oil. However, there are activities in selling cheaper cooking oil by labelling as high quality in cooking oil product. Traditional methods have been developed to measure the quality of the cooking oil product such as the chromatography technique but the cost for the system setup is expensive and requires a large amount of time to analyse the sample. Thus, a suitable and reliable system with less analysis time is needed for widespread industrial uses. This paper has presented a discriminative technique for palm cooking oil using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) with planar electromagnetic sensor array. The sensor consists of a meander sensor and an interdigital sensors which interact with the test samples. Three types of palm cooking oil such as double refined palm oil, refined and deodorized palm oil with peanut and sesame oil, and filtered palm oil were prepared. The results obtained showed that the presented technique was able to differentiate the samples between 20 kHz to 1 Mhz. The results obtained correlate with the theories on EIS technique and planar electromagnetic sensor which are presented in this paper.      

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