Introduction. A modern higher school wants a teacher to use effective teaching methods that ensure the intensive development of such professionally important skills for future civil defense officers as listening ones, in particular, to perceive a text (using visual and / or auditory channels), to comprehend, to select the necessary from the heard / read information, to reproduce, and to interpret. The problem under study was especially relevant in the conditions of updating higher education. Purpose. Analysis of modern methodological foundations of listening and determination of methods and techniques for the formation of auditory skills in the process of native-language training of future civil defense officers. Results. The article deals with hermeneutic and communicative-pragmatic approaches in the linguo-didactic aspect. The outlined approaches allow us to determine the methodological basis for auditory skills formation since they help resolve the problem of understanding and interpretation of the text, as well as analyze linguistic facts in view of the social, psychological, and cultural characteristics of the speaker and the listener. The contents of “listening” and “active listening” concepts are clarified; the basic psychological mechanisms, psycholinguistic factors of formation and development of cadets’ / students’ listening skills in the process of native-language training are determined. The author considers various classifications of listening in domestic linguistics, namely: global, detailed, critical and non-reflective / reflexive ones and stresses the urgency of the critical type of listening for the future civil defense officers, as it implies a reaction to what has been heard, its interpretation, and critical reflection. The structure of listening which includes such components as: perception, comparison-recognition, and understanding, is characterized; the sequence of actions and operations of listening as a type of educational activity (perceptual, thinking, mnemonic, reflexive ones) are revealed. The basic requirements for texts for listening are analyzed; the most effective methods of working with a text are determined; alternatives to listening using video materials and movies are suggested. Conclusion. Listening, including correctly selected texts or video materials and post-textual exercises, in the process of native language training of future civil defense officers, allows to solve a number of linguistic and methodo-logical problems: it develops hearing and memory, trains the ability to highlight the most informative parts of the message, to correlate the text with the situation of the message, and to interpret what has been heard.
LISTENING IN NATIVE LANGUAGE TRAINING OF FUTURE CIVIL DEFENSE OFFICERS
