Pedunculagin isolated from Plinia cauliflora seeds exhibits genotoxic, antigenotoxic and cytotoxic effects in bacteria and human lymphocytes

AbstractThe aims of the present study were to synthesize the intercalated kaolinite samples with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), glutamic acid (GA), succinimide (SIM), cetylpyridiniumchloride (CPC), and hexadecyltrimethylammoniumchloride (HDTMA+); to characterize by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), and to determine the hemocompatibility and the cytotoxic effects of the intercalated kaolinite nanoclays on human lymphocytes. It was found that the intercalation with DMSO did not cause any decrease in cell viability until its maximum concentration (500 µg/mL), however, the intercalation with SIM, CPC, and (HDTMA+) causd important decreases in lymphocyte viabilities. It was determined that no significant decrease was observed in protein content of the lymphocyte cells exposed to the kaolinite nanoclays except the ones intercalated with SIM. Furthermore, the pristine kaolinite nanoclays which were intercalated with DMSO, GA, and SIM exhibited high hemocompatibility and the nanoclays intercalated with CPC and (HDTMA+) were highly hemocompatibile for the amounts below 125 and 500 µg/mL, respectively. All the results of this work can serve for the human risk assesment of intercalated nanoclays.

Download Full-text

Cytotoxic Effects of Aflatoxin B1 Standard in Relation to Aflatoxin Extracts from South African Compound Feeds on Human Lymphocytes

International Journal of Biomedical Data Mining ◽

10.4172/2090-4924.1000108 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 03 (02) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Aflatoxin B1 ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Cytotoxic Effects

Download Full-text

Actividad contra Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) de extractos metanólicos de plantas de uso medicinal en México

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v65i4.27153 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 1459

Author(s):

Karla Carmelita Pérez-Treviño ◽

Lucio Galaviz ◽

Jesús Mario Iracheta-Villarreal ◽

Eliud Alonso Lucero-Velasco ◽

Zinnia Judith Molina-Garza

Keyword(s):

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Chronic Phase ◽

Artemia Salina ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Active Compounds ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Marrubium Vulgare ◽

First Time

American trypanosomiasis is a potentially lethal disease caused by the hemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. This neglected disease affects from 6 to 7 million people worldwide. Currently there are only two medicines to treat this disease: beznidazol and nifurtimox, both effective if they are administrated in the acute phase of infection, although their effectiveness fades away in the chronic phase; it also induces significant side effects. The aim of this study is to screen the trypanocidal activity of methanolic extracts from Hematoxilum brasiletto, Marrubium vulgare, Schinus molle, and Cympongon citratus, against T. cruzi epimastigotes, followed by the chromatographic separation, and identification of active compounds of the best candidate by colored chemical reactions; furthermore, it was also determined their cytotoxic effect in human lymphocytes and the brine shrimp Artemia salina. The extract of H. brasiletto showed the highest anti-T. cruzi activity with a inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 543 µg/mL; in descending order, it was followed by M. vulgare (IC50 = 647 µg/mL), S. molle (IC = 827 µg/mL) and finally, C. citratus (IC = 1 210 µg/mL). The chromatographic fraction Fr22 from H. brasiletto showed the best anti-T. cruzi effectivity (IC50 = 0.238 mg/mL), when compared to the other fraction or the whole extract, with no cytotoxic effect against human lymphocytes or A. salina. The active compounds were identified as tannins, quinones, flavonoids and sesquiterpenlactones. In conclusion, active compounds against T. cruzi were identified for the first time in H. brasiletto, with non-cytotoxic effects. The H. brasiletto extract, according to our results, could be used as an alternative treatment for the Chagas disease; however, additional studies will be necessary to test their activity and doses in a murine model, with the complete identification of the active compounds, on which we are investigating.

Download Full-text

Genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of different types of dental cement on normal cultured human lymphocytes

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis ◽

10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.10.011 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 672 (2) ◽

pp. 103-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

A. Bakopoulou ◽

D. Mourelatos ◽

A.S. Tsiftsoglou ◽

N.P. Giassin ◽

E. Mioglou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Dental Cement ◽

Different Types

Download Full-text

Cereus jamacaru D.C. Hydroalcoholic Extract Promotes Anti-Cytotoxic and Antitumor Activity

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph11040130 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 130 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jean Vencioneck Dutra ◽

Jean Moisés Ferreira ◽

Paula Costalonga Pereira ◽

Judá Ben-Hur de Oliveira ◽

Suiany Vitorino Gervásio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Sarcoma 180 ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽

Anticancer Effects ◽

Tumor Reduction

Cereus jamacaru D.C. (mandacaru) is a cactus used as food and in the traditional medicine. In the present study, hydroalcoholic extract of C. jamacaru was evaluated for its chemical composition, antioxidant activity, cytotoxic and anti-cytotoxic effects in human lymphocytes and sarcoma 180 cells in vitro by MTT assay and antitumoral, mutagenic and cytotoxic effects on mice sarcoma-induced in vivo. Phytochemical characterization showed positive reactions for coumarin, flavanol and tyramine and total flavonoid content of 0.51 µg/mL. C. jamacaru showed antioxidant activity following DPPH (EC50 = 427.74 µg/mL), ABTS (EC50 = 270.57 µg/mL) and Fe2+ chelating ions assays (EC50 = 41.18 µg/mL). C. jamacaru induced significant decrease of sarcoma 180 viability at 24 h and 48 h of treatment, did not induce cytotoxicity in human lymphocytes and inhibits the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in vitro. Following in vivo assays, C. jamacaru promoted tumor reduction (86.07% of tumor inhibition), without inducing mutagenic or cytotoxic damage on mice blood cells. We propose that phenolic and alkaloid compounds in the extract are related to antioxidant activity, increasing its ability in metal chelating activity and promoting anti-cytotoxic activity against cisplatin, as well as these compounds may act on the cell cycle of the tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, leading to anticancer effects and tumor reduction.

Download Full-text

Requirement for monocytes in the spontaneous cytotoxic effects of human lymphocytes against non-lymphoid target cells

Nature ◽

10.1038/283574a0 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 283 (5747) ◽

pp. 574-576 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

J. E. de Vries ◽

J. Mendelsohn ◽

W. S. Bont

Keyword(s):

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Target Cells ◽

Cytotoxic Effects

Download Full-text

CYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF STIMULATED HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.125.4.721 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 125 (4) ◽

pp. 721-736 ◽

Cited By ~ 87

Author(s):

Göran Holm ◽

Peter Perlmann

Keyword(s):

Tissue Culture ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Target Cells ◽

Cytotoxic Potential ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Culture Cells ◽

Tissue Culture Cells ◽

Chang Cells ◽

Stimulation Of

Viable and immunologically competent lymphocytes from unsensitized donors damage allogeneic tissue culture cells in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). This cytotoxicity is specific since syngeneic tissue culture cells are not at all or only slightly damaged under similar experimental conditions. In this investigation, the relation between the stimulation of human lymphocytes and their cytotoxicity was studied. Chang cells (human liver) served as target cells in all experiments. Cell damage was quantitated by measuring the release of isotope from target cells labeled with chromate-51Cr. The cytotoxicity of the lymphocytes was dependent on the concentration of PHA in the incubation medium. Cell damage was maximal at concentrations of 4–8 µl PHA/ml. Higher concentrations were inhibitory although aggregation was increased and no injury of the lymphocytes was noted. Stimulation of DNA and RNA synthesis in PHA-treated lymphocytes each followed dose response curves which were similar to that of cytotoxicity. In order to establish whether stimulation without mixed aggregation of lymphocytes and target cells would suffice for cytotoxicity, a series of nonagglutinating stimulants were investigated. Lymphocytes pretreated with a crude filtrate of Staphylococcus aureus for periods of 0.5–72 hr damaged Chang cells even in the absence of PHA. Lymphocytes from a tuberculin-positive donor were strongly cytotoxic after prestimulation with PPD while those from a negative donor were inactive. Moreover, strong cytotoxic effects were also obtained with lymphocytes which had been stimulated by preincubation with allogeneic lymphocytes in mixed culture. When two stimulants were applied at the same time, additive cytotoxic effects were seen. Addition of PHA to the lymphocyte/Chang cell mixtures potentiated the cytotoxicity of prestimulated lymphocytes. The cytotoxic potential of the lymphocytes was in all cases correlated to the degree of stimulation recorded as transformation into blast cells, and was independent both of the degree of aggregation and of the stimulating factor. These findings are compatible with the assumption that injury of the Chang cells reflected an immunologically nonspecific activity of lymphocytes enhanced by stimulation. The possible importance of this activity for a number of tissue-damaging immune reactions in vivo is pointed out.

Download Full-text

Induction of micronuclei by multi-walled carbon nanotubes interacting with humic acids in cultured human lymphocytes

Environmental Science Nano ◽

10.1039/c5en00138b ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 74-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maria-Sophia Vidali ◽

Eleni Bletsa ◽

Antonios Kouloumpis ◽

Charalambos G. Skoutelis ◽

Yiannis Deligiannakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Humic Acid ◽

Humic Acids ◽

Human Lymphocytes ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

First Time

Mixtures of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with natural humic acids or humic acid-like polycondensates were evaluated, for the first time, about their potential genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in cultured human lymphocytes.

Download Full-text