Effect of Soil Chemical and Physical Properties on Sorption and Desorption Behavior of Lead in Different Soils of India

AbstractScientific studies show that the efficiency of biochar can be improved by its combination with other fertilisers. For this reason, fertiliser manufacturers are working to create products that combine biochar with other soil fertility enhancers suitable for different soil-climatic conditions. In this study, two types of biochar substrates (1. biochar blended with farmyard manure, and 2. biochar blended with farmyard manure as well as with digestate) at rates of 10 and 20 t/ha were applied alone or in combination with other manure and mineral fertilisers. These were added to Arenosol (sandy soil, Dolná Streda, Slovakia) and Chernozem (loamy soil, Veľké Úľany, Slovakia) to evaluate the soil physical properties to test the potential of these amendments for soil amelioration in texturally different soils. The results showed that the application of biochar substrates alone increased soil moisture, the volume of capillary pores, and decreased aeration and volume of non-capillary pores. The application of biochar substrates with mineral fertilisers increased aeration, content of water-stable macro-aggregates (WSAma), total porosity, and decreased soil moisture and the content of water-stable micro-aggregates (WSAmi) in sandy soil. In loamy soil, when compared to unfertilised control, the biochar treatments increased content of WSAma, content of dry-sieved macro-aggregates, and decreased content of WSAmi and content of dry-sieved micro-aggregates. The combination of biochar substrates together with manure had no effect on changes in the physical properties of loamy soil.

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Properties of Some Selected Soil under Mymensingh District in Bangladesh

Journal of Agriculture & Rural Development ◽

10.3329/jard.v4i1.782 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 149-154

Author(s):

Md. Tohidul Islam ◽

Md. Serazul Islam ◽

Md Nurul Hoque

Keyword(s):

Shear Stress ◽

Internal Friction ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Key Words ◽

Friction Angle ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Plasticity Index ◽

Standard Methods ◽

Different Soils

This paper elucidated an attempt to determine the physical properties of some selected soils at different location under Mymensingh districts. The properties of soils were determined using standard methods. Field moisture content was more or less similar for all the locations. The dry unit weights of selected seven soils for Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Valuka, Muktagacha, Trisal, Madhupur, Chorkhai and Shomvoganj sites were found to be 17.61, 16.50, 17.00, 17.50, 15.50, 16.40 and 16.20 kN/m3, respectively while the specific gravities were found as 2.67, 2.66, 2.68, 2.70, 2.69, 2.72 and 2.65, respectively also the values of plastic limits of soils were found to be 16.00, 17.00, 15.50, 18.50, 16.00, 17.20 and 14.00 percent, respectively whereas the plasticity index values were 16.25, 14.50, 15.00, 17.00, 18.00, 13.60 and 15.50 percent, respectively for the above locations. The liquid and plastic limits varied for all the locations but the plasticity index values were found more or less similar for all the soil samples. The friction angles were found more or less similar while cohesion varied for different locations. The properties of soils thus obtained can be used for soils of these areas of Bangladesh. A relation between the gradations with plasticity indices of different soils was also characterized. Key words: Dry unit weights, plastic limits, plasticity index, shear stress and internal friction angle.

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Evaluation of Sorption Coefficients for Pyroxasulfone, s-Metolachlor, and Dimethenamid-p

Air Soil and Water Research ◽

10.4137/aswr.s19682 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. ASWR.S19682 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Eric P. Westra ◽

Dale L. Shaner ◽

Ken A. Barbarick ◽

Raj Khosla

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Plant Uptake ◽

Statistical Difference ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Soil Types ◽

Relative Order ◽

Sorption Coefficient ◽

Relative Differences ◽

Different Soils

Sorption coefficients were evaluated for pyroxasulfone, s-metolachlor, and dimethenamid- p across 25 soil types with different chemical and physical properties to better understand how soil properties influence the binding of pyroxasulfone in different soils. Sorption coefficients were determined using a batch equilibrium method to evaluate relative differences in binding among the three herbicides. Based on water solubility values, we would have expected the relative order of binding to be dimethenamid- p (1450 mg L−1 at 20°C), s-metolachlor (530 mg L−1 at 20°C), and pyroxasulfone (3.49 mg L−1 at 20°C) in order of increasing binding. However, when sorption coefficients were calculated, we observed the order of pyroxasulfone = dimethenamid- p < s-metolachlor in the order of increasing binding. The average Kd(sorption coefficient) values were 1.7, 2.3, and 4.0 L kg−1 for pyroxasulfone, dimethenamid- p, and s-metolachlor, respectively. Although dimethenamid- p has water solubility values that are over 400 times greater than pyroxasulfone, there was no statistical difference in binding between pyroxasulfone and dimethenamid- p. s-Metolachlor binding was statistically greater than both pyroxasulfone and dimethenamid- p. Across all soil chemical and physical properties, sorption coefficients for all three herbicides were highly and statistically correlated to soil organic matter. Sand and silt were also statistically correlated to binding, although these correlations could be explained by the high correlation of organic matter to these properties. Evaluation of sorption coefficients indicates that pyroxasulfone is most prevalent in the soil solution where herbicides are available for plant uptake. Reduced soil binding and greater activity at the target site could contribute to comparable weed control efficacies of pyroxasulfone even when applied at lower use rates compared to either s-metolachlor or dimethenamid- p.

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Les grands types de sols viticoles de Pomerol et Saint-Emilion

OENO One ◽

10.20870/oeno-one.1978.12.3.1423 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 141

Author(s):

Michèle Guilloux-Benatier ◽

Jacques Duteau ◽

Gérard Seguin

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Propriétés Physiques ◽

Texture Structure ◽

Growing Region ◽

Different Soils

Les vins les plus réputés de la région viticole de Pomerol et Saint-Emilion sont produits sur des sols foncièrement différents, dérivant de roches mères présentant une grande diversité.Les variations que l'on peut noter d'un cru à l'autre sont liées, non pas aux caractéristiques chimiques de ces sols, mais surtout à leurs propriétés physiques (texture, structure, porosité, perméabilité) avec leurs conséquences sur le mode et la profondeur de l'enracinement.+++The most famous wines from the wine-growing region of Pomerol and Saint-Emilion are produced on fundamentally different soils, derived from mother rocks presenting a great diversity.The variations which can be noted from one growth to another are linked, not to the chemical characteristics of these soils, but above all to their physical properties (texture, structure, porosity, permeability) with their consequences on the manner and depth of the rooting.

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Separation of some rice straw components and studying their effect on some hydro-physical properties of two different soils

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.jece.2013.07.011 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 728-735 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rama T. Rashad

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Different Soils

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The Photometric Properties of the Ap Stars

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100080684 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 365-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B. Hauck

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Ap Stars

The Ap stars are numerous - the photometric systems tool It would be very tedious to review in detail all that which is in the literature concerning the photometry of the Ap stars. In my opinion it is necessary to examine the problem of the photometric properties of the Ap stars by considering first of all the possibility of deriving some physical properties for the Ap stars, or of detecting new ones. My talk today is prepared in this spirit. The classification by means of photoelectric photometric systems is at the present time very well established for many systems, such as UBV, uvbyβ, Vilnius, Geneva and DDO systems. Details and methods of classification can be found in Golay (1974) or in the proceedings of the Albany Colloquium edited by Philip and Hayes (1975).

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The Infection of Cells by Bullet-Shaped Viruses

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100063779 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 372-373

Author(s):

Frederick A. Murphy ◽

Alyne K. Harrison ◽

Sylvia G. Whitfield

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Host Cell ◽

Thin Section ◽

Cultured Cells ◽

Cell Infection ◽

Thin Section Electron Microscopy ◽

Section Electron ◽

Section Electron Microscopy

The bullet-shaped viruses are currently classified together on the basis of similarities in virion morphology and physical properties. Biologically and ecologically the member viruses are extremely diverse. In searching for further bases for making comparisons of these agents, the nature of host cell infection, both in vivo and in cultured cells, has been explored by thin-section electron microscopy.

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Transmission electron microscopy of composite materials

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100107125 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 1012-1015

Author(s):

K.P.D. Lagerlof

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Structural Defects ◽

Structural Composites ◽

Multiphase Materials ◽

Structural Reinforcement ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Reinforced Fiber ◽

Particulate Reinforced Composites ◽

Definition Of

Although most materials contain more than one phase, and thus are multiphase materials, the definition of composite materials is commonly used to describe those materials containing more than one phase deliberately added to obtain certain desired physical properties. Composite materials are often classified according to their application, i.e. structural composites and electronic composites, but may also be classified according to the type of compounds making up the composite, i.e. metal/ceramic, ceramic/ceramie and metal/semiconductor composites. For structural composites it is also common to refer to the type of structural reinforcement; whisker-reinforced, fiber-reinforced, or particulate reinforced composites [1-4].For all types of composite materials, it is of fundamental importance to understand the relationship between the microstructure and the observed physical properties, and it is therefore vital to properly characterize the microstructure. The interfaces separating the different phases comprising the composite are of particular interest to understand. In structural composites the interface is often the weakest part, where fracture will nucleate, and in electronic composites structural defects at or near the interface will affect the critical electronic properties.

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