Apoptosis detection: a purpose-dependent approach selection

The combination of anticancer drugs in nanoparticles has great potential as a promising strategy to maximize efficacies by eradicating resistant, reduce the dosage of the drug and minimize toxicities on the normal cells. Gemcitabine (GEM), a nucleoside analogue, and atorvastatin (ATV), a cholesterol lowering agent, have shown anticancer effect with some limitations. The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antitumor activity of the combination therapy of GEM and ATVencapsulated in a microemulsion (ME) formulation in the HCT116 colon cancer cells. The cytotoxicity and efficacy of the formulation were assessed by the 3- (4,5dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphyneltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The mechanism of cell death was examined by observing the morphological changes of treated cells under light microscope, identifying apoptosis by using the ApopNexin apoptosis detection kit, and viewing the morphological changes in the chromatin structure stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) under the inverted fluorescence microscope. It has been found that reducing the concentration of GEM loaded on ME (GEM-ME) from 5μM to 1.67μM by combining it with 3.33μM of ATV in a ME formulation (GEM/2ATV-ME) has preserved the strong cytotoxicity of GEM-ME against HCT116 cells. The current study proved that formulating GEM with ATV in ME has improved the therapeutic potential of GEM and ATV as anticancer drugs.

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Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles Improve the Chemotherapeutic Action of Erlotinib in Liver Cancer Cells

Current Cancer Therapy Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573394715666191204101739 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 337-343

Author(s):

Shaimaa E. Abdel-Ghany ◽

Eman El-Sayed ◽

Nour Ashraf ◽

Nada Mokhtar ◽

Amany Alqosaibi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Cancer ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Titanium Oxide ◽

Phase Distribution ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Liver Cancer Cells ◽

M Phase ◽

Apoptosis Detection ◽

Novel Method

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among other types of cancer due to lack of effective treatments and late diagnosis. Nanocarriers represent a novel method to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs, enhancing their bioavailability and stability. Methods: In the present study, we loaded gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) with ERL to investigate the efficiency of the formed composite in inducing apoptosis in HepG2 liver cancer cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT assay and cell phase distribution was assessed by flow cytometry along with apoptosis detection. Results: Data obtained indicated the efficiency of the formed composite to significantly induce cell death and arrest cell cycle and G2/M phase. IRF4 was downregulated after treatment with loaded ERL. Conclusion: Our data showed that loading ERL on TiO2NPs was more efficient than AuNPs. However, both nanocarriers were efficient compared with control.

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Detecting apoptosis as a clinical endpoint for proof of a clinical principle

Ophthalmologica ◽

10.1159/000513584 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Piero Zollet ◽

Timothy E.Yap ◽

M Francesca Cordeiro

Keyword(s):

Drug Development ◽

Therapeutic Response ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Brain Diseases ◽

Promising Strategy ◽

Sight Loss ◽

Apoptosis Detection ◽

Novel Therapeutic Strategies

The transparent eye media represent a window through which to observe changes occurring in the retina during pathological processes. In contrast to visualising the extent of neurodegenerative damage that has already occurred, imaging an active process such as apoptosis has the potential to report on disease progression and therefore the threat of irreversible functional loss in various eye and brain diseases. Early diagnosis in these conditions is an important unmet clinical need to avoid or delay irreversible sight loss. In this setting, apoptosis detection is a promising strategy with which to diagnose, provide prognosis, and monitor therapeutic response. Additionally, monitoring apoptosis in vitro and in vivo has been shown to be valuable for drug development in order to assess the efficacy of novel therapeutic strategies both in the pre-clinical and clinical setting. Detection of Apoptosing Retinal Cells (DARC) technology is to date the only tool of its kind to have been tested in clinical trials, with other new imaging techniques under investigation in the fields of neuroscience, ophthalmology and drug development. We summarize the transitioning of techniques detecting apoptosis from bench to bedside, along with the future possibilities they encase.

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Fast-dissolving ocular films of riboflavin acetate conjugate for treatment of keratoconus in UVA-CXL procedure:ex vivopermeation, hemolytic toxicity and apoptosis detection

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery ◽

10.1517/17425247.2014.873028 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 325-343

Author(s):

Akhilesh Tiwari ◽

Neeraj Kumar Gangwar ◽

Kamla Pathak

Keyword(s):

Apoptosis Detection ◽

Hemolytic Toxicity

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A small-volume technique for simultaneous immunophenotyping and apoptosis detection in rat whole blood by four-color flow cytometry

Cytometry ◽

10.1002/cyto.10081 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

pp. 265-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jose Diaz-Romero ◽

Gerard Vogt ◽

Gisbert Weckbecker

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Whole Blood ◽

Small Volume ◽

Color Flow ◽

Apoptosis Detection

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Automated Ratio Imaging Using Nuclear-Targeted FRET Probe-Expressing Cells for Apoptosis Detection

Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology - Apoptosis Methods in Toxicology ◽

10.1007/978-1-4939-3588-8_8 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 131-161

Author(s):

Krupa Ann Mathew ◽

Deepa Indira ◽

Jeena Joseph ◽

Prakash Rajappan Pillai ◽

Indu Ramachandran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ratio Imaging ◽

Apoptosis Detection

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Prognostic value of p53, c-ErbB2 and tunel data in upper urothelial carcinoma associated with Balkan nephropathy

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs1402641s ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 641-649 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marina Savin ◽

Z. Dzamic ◽

M. Baralic ◽

Sanja Radojevic-Skodric ◽

Jelena Marinkovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urothelial Carcinoma ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Growth Factor Receptor ◽

Nuclear Antigen ◽

Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽

Balkan Nephropathy ◽

Apoptosis Detection ◽

Environmental Toxin ◽

Her 2 ◽

Epidermal Growth

A characteristic tumor suppressor protein 53 (p53) mutational profile of genotoxic action of aristolochic acid was identified in the upper urothelial carcinoma (UUTT) associated with Balkan nephropathy (BEN). In the present study, we examined the prognostic value of tissue-based molecular markers in overall-survival (OS) risk after surgical treatment of UUTT, adjusted for gender, age and urological characteristics in 32 patients with BEN. Immunohistochemical examination of p53, the proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (c-ErbB2; also known as HER-2/neu) proto-oncogene and the in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay for apoptosis detection were used to examine serial tumor sections. The median OS-time was 60 months for UUTT operation; the mortality rate (18.7%) was related to (new) disease (re)occurrence or invasion in 12-216 months. High-grade (p=0.029), TUNEL>0.36%+ cells (p=0.010), and c-ErbB2+ cells (p=0.014) can define the risk of tumor invasion. Patients with Balkan nephropathy that develop UUTT at a stage greater than pT1 (with apoptosis TUNEL+ cells >0.36% and p53+ cells greater than 10%) were at high risk of poor-OS after the tumor surgery (h(x)=6.35; p=0.045). The obtained data present evidence for p53, cErbB2 and apoptosis deregulation, as a result of environmental toxin action. This is the first report of molecular biomarker linkage with OS for BEN-associated UUTT.

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