Daily Associations of Sleep Quality and Sleep Duration with Anxiety in Young Adults: The Moderating Effect of Alexithymia

Abstract Introduction Insufficient sleep duration has negative consequences for health and performance and is alarmingly common in adolescents and young adults. The primary aim of the meta-analysis and systematic review was to assess whether at-home sleep extension is a feasible means to improve sleep duration and daytime sleepiness without negative consequences for sleep quality or efficiency in adolescents and young adults. An additional aim of the review was to provide a qualitative summary of the health and performance outcomes associated with at-home sleep extension. Methods Peer-reviewed journal articles and doctoral dissertations available in English were searched and screened. Eligible studies had at least five consecutive days of at-home sleep extension, measurement of sleep duration during baseline/habitual sleep and extension of sleep opportunity, and participants 13–30 years of age. Information on primary sleep outcome (i.e., sleep duration), available secondary sleep outcomes (i.e., sleep opportunity, sleep efficiency, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness), and health and performance outcomes were extracted for quantitative synthesis and qualitative review. Results Of the 2254 articles assessed for eligibility, 17 studies (seven in adolescents and ten in young adults) met the eligibility criteria for this review. The average number of days of sleep manipulation was 14.29 (range: 5 to 49 nights). At-home extension of sleep opportunity reliably increased objective (ES = 0.97) and subjective sleep duration (ES = 2.19) and sleep quality (ES = 0.24), and decreased daytime sleepiness (ES = -0.39), when compared to unmanipulated sleep opportunity. Sleep extension was also found to have additional health (e.g., lower psychological stress) and performance benefits (e.g., better athletic performance) across ages and populations. A potential upward publication bias was found based on the distribution of within-subject effect sizes of actigraphic sleep duration. Conclusion The review indicates that at-home sleep extension is feasible in adolescents and young adults to improve sleep duration and daytime sleepiness, and maintain or improve sleep quality. However, the degree of improvement in sleep duration, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness varied by study population and sleep extension method. Future research should investigate how variations in population and methods of sleep extension impact health and performance outcomes. Support (if any):

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242 Sufficient sleep attenuates the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on executive function decline in late adolescents and young adults

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A96-A98

Author(s):

Xiaopeng Ji ◽

Jennifer Saylor

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Executive Function ◽

Young People ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Multilevel Models ◽

Sleep Latency ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Late Adolescents ◽

The Impact

Abstract Introduction Executive function (EF), which shows continued development into early adulthood, is essential to build resilience to cope with COVID-19-related social and environmental changes. However, how sleep interacts with the pandemic on affecting EF remains unclear, particularly among late adolescents and young adults. This study examined (1) the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sleep and EF and (2) whether sleep moderated pandemic-related changes in EF among young people aged 18-21 years old. Methods Between April and May 2020, university students with baseline data on sleep and EF (Spring and Fall semesters in 2019) available were invited to this follow-up study. Sleep duration, mid-sleep times, social jetlag (the difference between mid-sleep times on weekdays and weekends) and sleep latency were assessed using 7-day sleep diaries. Participants also completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire, and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive function which yielded Global Executive Composite (GEC) scores. Paired t-test and multilevel random-effects models (STATA 16.0) estimated the associations. Covariates in multilevel models included age, sex, race, family income, parental education, COVID status, and health behaviors. Results Forty participants (19.25±1.12 years old) had paired data before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Participants slept 24 min longer (t= -2.07, p=0.03) but had increased sleep latency (t=-1.83, p=0.07) during the pandemic compared to pre-COVID baseline. Mid-sleep times shifted 40 min later (t= -3.22, p=0.003) during the pandemic. In multilevel models, GEC scores increased during pandemic (b=3.15, p=0.03) versus baseline, suggesting decreased executive function. Sleep duration (β=-4.72, p=0.03) significantly interacted with assessment time (before/during COVID-19), with increasing sleep duration attenuating the decline in EF during pandemic versus baseline. Although there was no interaction with COVID-19 pandemic, poor sleep quality (PSQI>5) was independently associated with decreased EF (B=4.69, p=0.02). Other sleep variables were not associated with EF nor moderators. Conclusion Compared with pre-COVID-19 baseline, young people report longer sleep duration, later sleep phase, increased sleep latency, and worse executive function during the pandemic. Sufficient sleep represents a resilience factor against executive function decline during this unprecedented crisis. Support (if any) No

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The associations between sleep duration and sleep quality with self-rated health in young adults: a population-based study

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2018-0007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lovro Štefan ◽

Goran Sporiš ◽

Tomislav Krističević

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Economic Status ◽

Population Based ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Self Rated Health ◽

Good Sleep

Abstract Background The main purpose of the present study was to explore significant associations between sleep duration and sleep quality with poor self-rated health. Methods Subjects were 2100 university students (49.6% of women), aged 18–24 years. The associations between sleep duration and sleep quality with self-rated health were examined by using structured questionnaires. Results After adjusting for sex, body mass index (BMI), socio-economic status, smoking status, alcohol consumption, presence or absence of chronic diseases, psychological distress and physical activity, very short [<6 h, odds ratio (OR) = 4.78; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.95–11.76] and very long (>10 h, OR = 4.09; 95% CI 2.26–7.39) sleep duration and poor sleep quality (OR = 1.44; 95% CI 1.01–2.05) were associated with poor self-rated health. Conclusions Our results show both dependent and independent associations between sleep duration and sleep quality with self-rated health in a large sample of young adults. Thus, policies that promote adequate sleep duration and good sleep quality are warranted.

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The Feasibility of At-home Sleep Extension in Adolescents and Young adults: A Meta- Analysis and Systematic Review

10.31234/osf.io/9uwp3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xinran Niu ◽

Shijing Zhou ◽

Melynda Casement

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Experimental Manipulation ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Sleep Extension ◽

And Performance ◽

At Home

Insufficient sleep duration is detrimental to health and performance and is alarmingly common in adolescents and young adults. The aim of this pre-registered meta-analysis was to determine the feasibility of at-home sleep extension as a means to improve sleep duration and daytime sleepiness, and maintain or improve sleep quality and efficiency, in adolescents and young adults. Peer-reviewed journal articles and dissertations were screened to identify studies with at least five consecutive days of at-home sleep extension, pre- and post-extension measurement of sleep duration, and participants 13-30 years of age. Out of 2254 studies assessed for eligibility, 17 met review inclusion criteria – seven in adolescents and ten in young adults. At-home extension of sleep opportunity reliably increased sleep duration and sleep quality, and decreased daytime sleepiness when compared to unmanipulated sleep opportunity. These results indicate that at-home sleep extension is feasible in adolescents and young adults. However, the degree of improvement in sleep duration, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness varied by study population and sleep extension method, which will have downstream consequences for the effectiveness of sleep extension as an experimental manipulation and intervention to improve health and performance during adolescence and young adulthood.

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Association of Magnesium Intake With Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality: Findings From the CARDIA Study

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab053_102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1109-1109

Author(s):

Yijia Zhang ◽

Cheng Chen ◽

Liping Lu ◽

Kristen Knuston ◽

Mercedes Carnethon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Depressive Disorders ◽

Estimating Equation ◽

Dietary History ◽

Short Sleep ◽

Funding Sources ◽

Intake Ratio

Abstract Objectives As an antagonist of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) has been hypothesized to improve individuals’ sleep disturbances, a common health problem, through regulating the glutamatergic and GABAergic systems. The objectives of this study were to examine the longitudinal associations of Mg intake and Ca-to-Mg intake ratio with sleep quality and duration. Methods A total of 5115 American young adults, aged 18–30 years, were enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Dietary information, including intakes of Mg and other nutrients, was obtained using the CARDIA dietary history at baseline (1985–86), year 7 (1992–93), and year 20 (2005–06). Sleep measures, including self-reported sleep quality and sleep duration, were collected at year 15 (2000–01) and year 20. Sleep quality was assessed on a scale of 1 (very good) to 5 (very bad), whereas sleep duration was grouped into three categories: <7 hours, 7–9 hours, and >9 hours. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to examine the associations of interest. Results After adjustment for potential demographical, behavioral, and nutritional confounders, Mg intake was associated with better sleep quality [highest intake quartile (Q4) vs. lowest intake quartile (Q1): odds ratio (OR) = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.50, P for trend = 0.052]. Participants in Q4 were also less likely to have short sleep (<7 hours) compared to those in Q1 (OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.51, 0.81, P for trend = 0.012). The observed association with short sleep persisted among participants without depressive disorders (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.49, 0.82, P for trend <0.001), but not among individuals with depressive disorder. Ca-to-Mg intake ratio was not associated with either sleep quality or sleep duration regardless of depression status. Conclusions Mg intake was associated with sleep quality and duration in this longitudinal analysis. Randomized controlled trials with objective measures of sleep are warranted to establish the potential causal inference. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health (NIH).

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Abstract P071: How to Get a Better Night’s Sleep: Be Active and Reduce Sedentary Behaviour

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.131.suppl_1.p071 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Kakinami ◽

Erin K O'Loughlin ◽

Jennifer Brunet ◽

Erika N Dugas ◽

Catherine Sabiston ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Computer Use ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Sleep Problems ◽

Self Report ◽

The Past ◽

Sedentary Behaviours

Background: Approximately 40% of the population reports sleep problems such as poor quality sleep and insufficient sleep duration. Physical activity (PA) can help improve sleep, but data on whether PA intensity or duration is most strongly associated with sleep are lacking. In addition, given that sedentary behaviour (e.g., TV, computer use) is distinct from physical inactivity, the association between sedentary behaviour and sleep in young adults needs to be characterized. Objective: To describe the relationships between sleep quality and sleep duration and (1) frequency and duration of light, moderate, and vigorous PA, and (2) different types of sedentary behaviours (TV, computer, reading) in young adults. Methods: Self-report data for 658 participants were from the 22nd wave of the Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) cohort study (mean age=24.0 years, 46% male [300 of 658]). PA measures assessed frequency (number of days) and minutes of light, moderate and vigorous PA in the past week. Sedentary measures assessed number of hours spent reading, watching TV, and using the computer per day. Sleep measures included (1) the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) which assessed seven dimensions of sleep (daytime dysfunction, disturbances, duration, efficiency, latency, quality, use of sleeping medications), (2) general sleep quality, and (3) sleep duration in the past month. General sleep quality and sleep duration were two separate additional measures distinct from similar PSQI items (r=0.73 between general sleep quality and PSQI score; r=0.69 between sleep duration and PSQI score). Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Due to evidence of non-normality the PSQI score was log-transformed. Results: Controlling for age, sex, and maternal education, each additional day of light or vigorous PA was associated with 3 minutes less sleep per night (p<0.05). Each additional 10 minutes of moderate PA was associated with greater general sleep quality (β=0.004, p=0.04). TV was associated with a poorer PSQI score (β=0.01, p<0.05) and each additional hour of reading was associated with 2 minutes less sleep per night (p=0.04). Computer use was associated with a poorer PSQI score (β=0.02, p=0.005) and poorer sleep quality (β=-0.02, p=0.05). Results were similar when sedentary and PA measures were included in the same model. The inclusion of body mass index, self-rated mental and general health, and stress did not affect the results and were omitted from the final models. Conclusion: PA and sedentary behaviours are independently associated with sleep duration and quality. Sedentary behaviours are associated with poorer sleep duration and quality. In contrast, PA frequency may decrease sleep duration while PA duration may improve sleep quality. Clinicians who treat sleep problems in young adults may need to take PA and sedentary behavior into account in treatment plans.

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216 Resilience, sleep difficulties, and subjective sleep quality during COVID-19

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.215 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A86-A87

Author(s):

Laura Ramos Socarras ◽

Jérémie Potvin ◽

Geneviève Forest

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Sleep Duration ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Subjective Sleep Quality ◽

Subjective Sleep ◽

And Gender ◽

Sleep Difficulties

Abstract Introduction We have shown in a previous study that despite significant improvements in sleep patterns and sleep duration during COVID-19 in teens and young adults, only teens reported better sleep quality and satisfaction. Moreover, sleep difficulties seem to be more prominent in the older group during the pandemic, suggesting that there could be additional risk factors involved. The current study aimed to investigate the role of resilience in the association between changes in sleep and the subjective sleep quality (SSQ) in teens and young adults during COVID-19. Methods 289 teens (12-17 years old) and 294 young adults (18-25 years old) completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 and an adapted version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index online. Teens and young adults were each divided into a resilient and less resilient group. Hierarchical regression models were conducted to examine the unique contribution of weekdays sleep duration, sleep difficulties, and resilience to SSQ. Sleep duration, sleep difficulties and SSQ before COVID-19, and gender were entered as controls. Results Results show that in less resilient teens, changes in sleep onset difficulties (β=-.285, p=.003), nocturnal and early awakenings (β=-.218, p=.019), and weekdays sleep duration (β=.282, p=.001) significantly predicted SSQ and explained 36.5% of the variance. In less resilient young adults, changes in nightmares (β=-.309, p=.027) and sleep onset difficulties (β=-.263, p=.012) significantly predicted SSQ and explained 24.1% of the variance. In resilient teens, changes in weekdays sleep duration (β=.296, p=.007) significantly predicted SSQ and explained 20.1% of the variance. In resilient adults, changes in sleep onset difficulties (β=-.325, p=.001), nocturnal and early awakenings (β=-.374, p=.000), and weekdays sleep duration (β=.192, p=.009) significantly predicted SSQ and explained 46.0% of the variance. Conclusion Our results suggest that resilience appears to be a protecting factor in the impacts of sleep difficulties on sleep quality, but only in adolescents. Indeed, in young adults, sleep difficulties seem to be a more important factor modulating sleep quality than changes in sleep duration. These results underline the importance of focusing on the intrinsic characteristics of each population to better target interventions. Support (if any):

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