scholarly journals 242 Sufficient sleep attenuates the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on executive function decline in late adolescents and young adults

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A96-A98
Author(s):  
Xiaopeng Ji ◽  
Jennifer Saylor
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Young People ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Executive function (EF), which shows continued development into early adulthood, is essential to build resilience to cope with COVID-19-related social and environmental changes. However, how sleep interacts with the pandemic on affecting EF remains unclear, particularly among late adolescents and young adults. This study examined (1) the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on sleep and EF and (2) whether sleep moderated pandemic-related changes in EF among young people aged 18-21 years old. Methods Between April and May 2020, university students with baseline data on sleep and EF (Spring and Fall semesters in 2019) available were invited to this follow-up study. Sleep duration, mid-sleep times, social jetlag (the difference between mid-sleep times on weekdays and weekends) and sleep latency were assessed using 7-day sleep diaries. Participants also completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire, and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive function which yielded Global Executive Composite (GEC) scores. Paired t-test and multilevel random-effects models (STATA 16.0) estimated the associations. Covariates in multilevel models included age, sex, race, family income, parental education, COVID status, and health behaviors. Results Forty participants (19.25±1.12 years old) had paired data before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Participants slept 24 min longer (t= -2.07, p=0.03) but had increased sleep latency (t=-1.83, p=0.07) during the pandemic compared to pre-COVID baseline. Mid-sleep times shifted 40 min later (t= -3.22, p=0.003) during the pandemic. In multilevel models, GEC scores increased during pandemic (b=3.15, p=0.03) versus baseline, suggesting decreased executive function. Sleep duration (β=-4.72, p=0.03) significantly interacted with assessment time (before/during COVID-19), with increasing sleep duration attenuating the decline in EF during pandemic versus baseline. Although there was no interaction with COVID-19 pandemic, poor sleep quality (PSQI>5) was independently associated with decreased EF (B=4.69, p=0.02). Other sleep variables were not associated with EF nor moderators. Conclusion Compared with pre-COVID-19 baseline, young people report longer sleep duration, later sleep phase, increased sleep latency, and worse executive function during the pandemic. Sufficient sleep represents a resilience factor against executive function decline during this unprecedented crisis. Support (if any) No

scholarly journals “You’re just there, alone in your room with your thoughts” A qualitative study about the impact of lockdown among young people during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison R. McKinlay ◽  
Tom May ◽  
Joanna Dawes ◽  
Daisy Fancourt ◽  
Alexandra Burton
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents and young adults have been greatly affected by quarantine measures during the coronavirus-19 pandemic. Quantitative evidence suggests that many young people have struggled with their mental health throughout “lockdown”, but little is understood about the qualitative impact of social distancing restrictions on mental health, wellbeing and social life. We therefore sought to elicit the views and experiences of adolescents and young adults living in the UK during the pandemic.MethodsSemi-structured qualitative interviews were undertaken with 37 participants aged 13-24.ResultsWe identified 4 superordinate themes most commonly described by participants about their experiences during the pandemic, including: a) missing social contact during lockdown, b) disruption to education, c) changes to social relationships, and d) improved wellbeing during lockdown. Although we identified some positive experiences during the pandemic, including an increased awareness of mental health and stronger relationship ties, many said they struggled with loneliness, a decline in mental health, and anxiety about socialising after the pandemic.ConclusionsFindings suggest that some young people may have felt less stigma talking about their mental health now compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic. However, many are worried about how the pandemic has affected their education and social connections and may require additional psychological, practical and social support. Our findings highlight the important role that education providers play in providing a source of information and support to adolescents and young adults during times of uncertainty.

scholarly journals 091 The Feasibility of At-home Sleep Extension in Adolescents and Young adults: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A38-A38
Author(s):  
Xinran Niu ◽  
Shijing Zhou ◽  
Melynda Casement
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sleep Extension ◽  
And Performance ◽  
At Home

Abstract Introduction Insufficient sleep duration has negative consequences for health and performance and is alarmingly common in adolescents and young adults. The primary aim of the meta-analysis and systematic review was to assess whether at-home sleep extension is a feasible means to improve sleep duration and daytime sleepiness without negative consequences for sleep quality or efficiency in adolescents and young adults. An additional aim of the review was to provide a qualitative summary of the health and performance outcomes associated with at-home sleep extension. Methods Peer-reviewed journal articles and doctoral dissertations available in English were searched and screened. Eligible studies had at least five consecutive days of at-home sleep extension, measurement of sleep duration during baseline/habitual sleep and extension of sleep opportunity, and participants 13–30 years of age. Information on primary sleep outcome (i.e., sleep duration), available secondary sleep outcomes (i.e., sleep opportunity, sleep efficiency, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness), and health and performance outcomes were extracted for quantitative synthesis and qualitative review. Results Of the 2254 articles assessed for eligibility, 17 studies (seven in adolescents and ten in young adults) met the eligibility criteria for this review. The average number of days of sleep manipulation was 14.29 (range: 5 to 49 nights). At-home extension of sleep opportunity reliably increased objective (ES = 0.97) and subjective sleep duration (ES = 2.19) and sleep quality (ES = 0.24), and decreased daytime sleepiness (ES = -0.39), when compared to unmanipulated sleep opportunity. Sleep extension was also found to have additional health (e.g., lower psychological stress) and performance benefits (e.g., better athletic performance) across ages and populations. A potential upward publication bias was found based on the distribution of within-subject effect sizes of actigraphic sleep duration. Conclusion The review indicates that at-home sleep extension is feasible in adolescents and young adults to improve sleep duration and daytime sleepiness, and maintain or improve sleep quality. However, the degree of improvement in sleep duration, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness varied by study population and sleep extension method. Future research should investigate how variations in population and methods of sleep extension impact health and performance outcomes. Support (if any):

scholarly journals Youth Perspectives and Experiences With In-Person and Online Grocery Shopping During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 224-224
Author(s):  
Nicole Hadler ◽  
Ione Locher ◽  
Marika Waselewski ◽  
Charlie Hoffs ◽  
Tammy Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Research University ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Snack Foods ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recommended limiting in-person grocery store visits by using online delivery and pick-up. We sought to understand how the pandemic has impacted grocery shopping patterns among adolescents and young adults, including the shopping mediums (i.e., in-person, pick-up, or delivery) and types of goods purchased. Methods This research is part of MyVoice, a national text message survey of US adolescents and young adults between 14 and 24 years old. In November 2020, this cohort was asked these open-ended questions: 1) During the pandemic, how have you or your family been getting groceries (in-person, pick-up, delivery)? Why? 2) If you or your family have shopped for groceries online during the pandemic, was it pick-up or delivery? How did it go? 3) During the pandemic, have you or your family changed the types of food you are buying? Tell us about it. Responses were assessed using thematic analysis. Quantitative data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results Among 889 responses (RR = 77.6%), 47% were female, 56% were White, 13% were Hispanic, and median age was 18 (interquartile range 17, 21). Since the pandemic began, 86% of respondents reported at least use of in-person grocery shopping. Meanwhile, 46% indicated they had used a form of online grocery shopping; 26% reported use of delivery and 27% reported use of pick-up. Over half of participants using online shopping had a positive experience. Half of respondents changed their grocery purchase choices since the pandemic began, among whom 33% reported healthier purchases, 27% bought more snack foods, 24% bought in bulk and/or more non-perishable foods, and 10% bought more foods to cook at home. Conclusions Among young people, online grocery shopping is widely utilized with generally positive perceptions, although in-person shopping remains most prevalent. While many young people reported healthier purchases, there was a tendency toward more snack and non-perishable foods. Further investigation is needed to understand reasons behind changes in purchasing habits of adolescents and young adults and the impact of these changes on diet quality during the pandemic. Funding Sources Michigan Institute for Clinical & Health Research, University of Michigan MCubed program, University of Michigan Department of Family Medicine

scholarly journals The Feasibility of At-home Sleep Extension in Adolescents and Young adults: A Meta- Analysis and Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinran Niu ◽  
Shijing Zhou ◽  
Melynda Casement
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Sleep Extension ◽  
And Performance ◽  
At Home

Insufficient sleep duration is detrimental to health and performance and is alarmingly common in adolescents and young adults. The aim of this pre-registered meta-analysis was to determine the feasibility of at-home sleep extension as a means to improve sleep duration and daytime sleepiness, and maintain or improve sleep quality and efficiency, in adolescents and young adults. Peer-reviewed journal articles and dissertations were screened to identify studies with at least five consecutive days of at-home sleep extension, pre- and post-extension measurement of sleep duration, and participants 13-30 years of age. Out of 2254 studies assessed for eligibility, 17 met review inclusion criteria – seven in adolescents and ten in young adults. At-home extension of sleep opportunity reliably increased sleep duration and sleep quality, and decreased daytime sleepiness when compared to unmanipulated sleep opportunity. These results indicate that at-home sleep extension is feasible in adolescents and young adults. However, the degree of improvement in sleep duration, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness varied by study population and sleep extension method, which will have downstream consequences for the effectiveness of sleep extension as an experimental manipulation and intervention to improve health and performance during adolescence and young adulthood.

472 Sleep Quality in Pregnancy: An Analysis of Cardiopulmonary Coupling in the nuMoM2b Cohort

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A186-A186
Author(s):  
Francis Christian ◽  
Hugi Hilmisson ◽  
Solveig magnusdottir ◽  
Robert Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Sleep Latency ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Coupling ◽  
Stability And Instability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Abstract Introduction The impact of pregnancy on sleep quality and sleep-breathing is of interest due to concerns of an impact on maternal, intra-uterine and neonatal health. The Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) sub-study of the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study (NuMoM2b) provided a large cohort of single gestational women who underwent home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) to evaluate for SDB. To evaluate changes in sleep during pregnancy, we utilized publicly available data from http://www.sleepdata.org for cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) analysis to evaluate SDB, as well as sleep duration and quality. No outcomes data is currently available. Methods Standardized Level 3 HSAT was performed after visit 1 (V1), (6–15 weeks’ gestation) and visit 3 (V3), (22 -31 weeks’ gestation) on 3702 women from the NuMoM2b cohort. CPC-analysis was performed using clinically validated algorithms based on CPC-method using ECG and oxygen saturation data (SpO2) as the input signals. SleepImage Apnea Hypopnea Index (sAHI) was calculated to evaluate for SDB (FDA; 182618). Additional calculations to determine sleep latency, sleep duration, wake after sleep onset, and sleep quality (SQI) were performed. The SQI-metric incorporates measures of sleep stability and instability and is then presented on a scale of 0 – 100 where a higher number is desirable. Results 3,261 & 2,511 participants had data at visits 1 & 3, respectively. A total of 3,012 and 2,332 individuals had ECG data of sufficient quality. The mean age of the analyzed cohort was 27 years old. SDB events were overall low, but significantly increased across visits, sAHI [(1.6 ± 2.5)/hour (V1) vs (2.9 ± 4.1) (V3)], p< 0.001. There was a statistically significant increase in sleep latency [7.4 ± 12.7 (V1) vs 18.7 ± 27.8 (V3)], p< 0.001 and reduction in total sleep time [401.2 ± 85.6 (V1) vs 348.5 ± 79.3 (V3)], p< 0.001. Most notably, there was a >10% reduction in the SQI, indicative of increased unstable, fragmented sleep as pregnancy progressed [72.1 ± 13.8 (V1), 60.5 ± 16.2 (V3)], p < 0.001. Conclusion Using objective measures based on CPC analysis from HSAT derived signals, sleep disordered breathing, sleep duration and sleep quality are all adversely impacted as gestation progresses. Support (if any):

Effects of Quarantine Due to the COVID-19 on Sleep Duration and Quality in Algerians

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-193
Author(s):  
Kacem Abdelhadi ◽  
Houar Abdelatif ◽  
Zerf Mohamed ◽  
Bengoua Ali
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Sleep Timing ◽  
Algerian Population ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
The Impact

SummaryThis study tests the impact of COVID-19 on sleep of Algerian population before and during the COVID-19 quarantine by an estimated online survey, adapted from the PSQI Italian version. Including 1210 participants (age between 18-60 years old). The statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22.0 software. Our results showed a significant change in sleeping quality during quarantine, the sleep timing markedly changed, we also noticed additional use of sleeping medications. Algerian scientists recommend to build public awareness and to provide necessary information regarding Algerian sleep quality, especially for Algerian adults.

Risk of Depression in Adolescents and Young Adults with Rheumatic Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Anna Kostiukow ◽  
Wojciech Strzelecki ◽  
Mateusz W. Romanowski ◽  
Marta Rosołek ◽  
Ewa Mojs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Control Group

Introduction: The study is aimed at drawing the attention of the medical environment to the mental health aspects of young patients as a factor that significantly influences the efficiency of their rheumatic disease treatment. Aim: This paper is to check the risk of depression among a group of adolescents and young adults with rheumatic diseases. Material and Methods: The study was conducted among a group of 68 late adolescents and young adults (18-22 years old) with rheumatic diseases. The control group consisted of 102 young people (18-22 years old) without a diagnosed chronic disease. Risk of depression was measured using a screening tool – the Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS). Results: The analysis showed that the probability of depression in the study group was 35.3%. In the control group, this rate was 19.6%. The results were statistical significance (p=0.028). Conclusions: The results of this study prove that the risk of depression among adolescents and young adults with rheumatic diseases is significantly higher than in healthy young people. The highest risk of depression is related to feeling tired, fatigue, low energy levels and lack of motivation as well as feeling worried, nervous, panicky, tense, keyed-up and anxious.

Profiles of Citizenship Orientations Among Youth

Young ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 110330882110086
Author(s):  
Iana Tzankova ◽  
Gabriele Prati ◽  
Elvira Cicognani
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Institutional Politics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Citizenship Orientations

Prior studies revealed that low levels of youth political activity are not necessarily indicative of complete disengagement from societal affairs but could be accompanied by interest and latent involvement stemming from a standby or monitorial attitude. However, no prior study has investigated patterns of citizenship orientations including both manifest and latent engagement defined by one’s position towards institutional politics, according to different forms of participation. A questionnaire was filled out by 1,732 late adolescents and young adults in Italy (15–30 years old, M = 19.73, 60.7% female). Cluster analysis identified six profiles of citizenship orientations across different types of participatory activities (political, activist, political online and civic): active trustful, active distrustful, standby trustful, standby distrustful, unengaged trustful and unengaged distrustful. The results showed that each level of engagement—active, standby and unengaged—could be further differentiated between trustful and distrustful based on their attitude towards institutions and the electoral process.

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