Study of serum magnesium levels and its correlation with glycemic status in type II diabetes patients

Magnesium is most important and vital element of body. It needs to be supplemented adequately. It plays a vital role in insulin secretion, insulin binding and homeostasis. When Serum Magnesium is adequate, the glycemic control is better and HbA1c values will fall, thus proving that serum magnesium plays a major role in glycemic control. It is now established that diabetes can by itself induce hypomagnesemia and hypomagnesemia can in turn induce onset or worsen diabetes mellitus.: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 48 diagnosed cases of type II diabetes mellitus. This study was planned to study if any correlation exists between the level of Serum Magnesium and HbA1C in diagnosed Type II diabetics.: The correlation between the two parameters was not found to be statistically significant.: Owing to COVID-19 restrictions history regarding the duration of disease, the dietary history of the participants could not be obtained : Serum magnesium does not bear a constant relationship with the diabetic control according to the findings of the current study and detailed studies including multi-parametric analysis along with duration of diabetes is required.

Relationship between Maternal Mood Disorders and Dietary Intake of 3-Year-Olds

Maternal depression affects parenting and children’s early development, but its effect on dietary intake is unknown. While husbands’ involvement in parenting and having friends to talk to may reduce childcare stress, this has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, mothers were stratified by the presence or absence of mood disorders, and the effects of support from their husbands and friends on the dietary intake of their 3-year-old children were examined. This cross-sectional analysis included 920 mother-child pairs examined at the National Center for Child Health and Development in Japan. Dietary intake was assessed using a brief dietary history questionnaire, and physical measurements were taken when the children were 3 years old. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale was used to screen for maternal mood disorders, 3 years after delivery. The presence or absence of the husband’s assistance with housework and childcare, mental support, and friends was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire when the child was 3 years old. Differences in the children’s physical measurements, energy, and food intake with the presence or absence of support for subjects with or without mood disorders were compared. Mothers with support from husbands or friends had significantly fewer mood disorders. Support from friends and family did not affect the children’s physical development and whether or not mothers had mood disorder symptoms. However, children’s vegetable intake was higher if mothers were supported. Children of mothers with mood disorders had a significantly higher vegetable intake and fruit intake, depending on the support from friends ( P = 0.046 , P = 0.037 ); thus, such support may increase children’s vegetable and fruit intake. The results of this study revealed the importance of supportive friends and family regarding childcare.

Correlation of Nutritional Status with Haematological Profile in Undergraduate Medical Students

Background and Aim: Anaemia is a major global health problem affecting all sections of the population. Adolescents are vulnerable to malnutrition and anaemia. Considering the ever rising burden of anaemia in our country, the present study was carried out to detect prevalence of anaemia in undergraduate medical students and to evaluate correlation between nutritional status and anaemia. Correlation between gender and anaemia was also analysed. Methods: Study was carried out in 60 students of I MBBS. Complete blood count was processed on automated haematology analyser. A peripheral blood smear was studied for cell morphology. Dietary history was taken by providing questionnaire and Body mass index (BMI) was calculated using standard protocol. Results were analysed using SPSS. Results: Anaemia was detected in 23.33% students with higher prevalence in female students (44%). Anaemia and its severity were significantly associated with gender. Overall 43.33% students were found to be malnourished. 19.23% of malnourished students were anaemic. 26.47% students with normal BMI were also found to be anaemic. There was no significant association of BMI with anaemia. Variations in values of red cell indices were detected in 08 non-anaemic students, leukocytosis with monocytosis in 01 non-anaemic student and thrombocytosis in 03 anaemic female students. Conclusion: Medical students should be regularly screened for anaemia. Dietary history should be combined with BMI for complete nutritional assessment. Education of students regarding consumption of balanced diet is necessary to prevent nutritional anaemia. Red cell indices should be used to detect anaemia even before fall in haemoglobin levels. Keywords: Anaemia, Body mass index, Haemoglobin, Red cell indices, RDW, Diet.

Association of magnesium intake with sleep duration and sleep quality: findings from the CARDIA study

Study Objectives As an antagonist of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) has been implicated in the regulation of sleep. We aimed to examine the longitudinal associations of Mg intake and Ca-to-Mg intake ratio (Ca:Mg) with sleep quality and duration. Methods The study sample consisted of 3,964 participants from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Dietary and supplementary intake of Mg were obtained using the CARDIA Dietary History at baseline (1985–1986), exam years 7 and 20. Self-reported sleep outcomes were measured at years 15 and 20. Sleep quality was rating from 1 (very good) to 5 (very bad). We categorized sleep duration to <7, 7–9, and >9 h. Generalized estimating equation was used to examine the associations of interest as repeated measures at the two time points. Results After adjustment for potential confounders, Mg intake was borderline associated with better sleep quality [highest quartile (Q4) vs. intake quartile (Q1): odds ratio (OR) = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.999, 1.50, ptrend = 0.051]. Participants in Q4 were also less likely to have short sleep (<7 h) compared to those in Q1 (OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.51, 0.81, ptrend = 0.012). The observed association with short sleep persisted among participants without depressive disorders (Q4 vs. Q1: OR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.49, 0.82, ptrend < 0.001), but not among individuals with depressive disorder. Ca:Mg was not associated with either outcomes, regardless of depression status. Conclusions Mg intake was associated with both sleep outcomes in this longitudinal analysis. Randomized controlled trials with objective measures of sleep are warranted to establish the potential causal inference.

Cashew-Induced Oxalate Nephropathy: A Rare Cause of Acute Renal Failure

ABSTRACT We present a rare case of cashew-induced oxalate nephropathy in a 69 year old veteran male with history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, nephrolithiasis, and undiagnosed chronic kidney disease (CKD). Oxalate nephropathy is a rare cause of acute renal failure with poor prognosis. The various causes of oxalate nephropathy are categorized as primary or secondary hyperoxaluria. Primary hyperoxaluria is caused by genetic mutation in genes involved in the metabolism of glyoxylate. Secondary hyperoxaluria is caused by mal-absorptive state, excessive intake of oxalate-rich diet, inflammatory diseases, and medications such as orlistat and antibiotics. Diet-induced oxalate nephropathy is often identified after unexplained acute kidney injury in patients with underlying CKD. Definitive diagnosis requires renal biopsy as laboratory tests are non-specific. A simple dietary history in CKD patients during routine primary care visit may lead to early diagnosis and lead to prevention of acute renal failure and progression of renal disease.

Cutaneous adverse food reactions

Dietary-induced skin problems of cats and dogs can include food intolerances, primary and secondary nutrient deficiencies and nutrient toxicities. A full dietary history needs to be taken and owners should include specific commercial foods, all snacks and treats, supplements, chewable/palatable medications and vitamins, chew toys, human foods and any food that the animal may have access to. Actively encourage owners to keep a food diary, as with obese animals and diabetics. The classification and diagnosis of nutritional-related skin disorders are initially based on a detailed dietary history and food evaluation. Veterinary nurses are in an ideal position to help owners make an accurate representation of what the pet consumes.

The oral manifestations of scurvy in the 21st century

Scurvy is a vitamin deficiency historically associated with pirates and sailors that affects collagen synthesis, leading to hemorrhage, skin, and oral lesions. In the 18th century, the lack of consumption of foods rich in vitamin C was found to cause such a severe condition, whose early diagnosis increases the likelihood of a better prognosis. A 58-year-old female patient complained of fatigue, body pain, and gingival bleeding for nearly 24 months. In 2001, she was diagnosed with lupus, now in remission, and osteoporosis more recently. On clinical examination, gingivitis with spontaneous bleeding was observed, despite the patient’s good hygiene, as well as some petechiae over the body. Due to the hypothesis of a possible autoimmune dermatological disease, the patient was referred to a dermatologist, who requested a series of tests, including vitamin C dosage. The results showed a concentration below 0.25mg / dL (IR, 4 to 2.0 mg / dL), and thus the diagnosis of scurvy was established. The patient was administered vitamin C replacement and in about 3 months, the symptoms started to improve. In some cases, such as this, hospitalization is required for intravenous replacement due to bleeding risks. This case report highlights the importance of the dentist in the early diagnosis and treatment of scurvy. This condition causes oral lesions that are often confused with other more common conditions, such as gingivitis or autoimmune dermatological response. Therefore, we recommend a comprehensive physical examination and anamnesis, including dietary history.

Fundamental mechanics of tooth fracture and wear: implications for humans and other primates

Until recently, there had been little attempt in the literature to identify and quantify the underlying mechanics of tooth durability in terms of materials engineering concepts. In humans and most mammals, teeth must endure a lifetime of sustained occlusal mastication—they have to resist fracture and wear. It is well documented that teeth are resilient, but what are the unique features that make this possible? The present article surveys recent materials engineering research aimed at addressing this fundamental question. Elements that determine the mechanics and micromechanics of tooth fracture and wear are analysed: at the macrostructural level, the geometry of the enamel shell and cuspal configuration; and at the microstructural level, interfacial weakness and property gradients. Inferences concerning dietary history in relation to evolutionary pressures are discussed.

NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF LIVER CIRRHOSIS AND ITS COMPLICATIONS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Cirrhosis is a chronic and progressive liver disease that occurs from prolonged hepatocellular injury. Malnutrition causes complications in cirrhosis patients that worsen the condition to liver failure. Both are closely linked and increase the chances of morbidity and mortality. Regular nutritional screening and monitoring is prime concern for such patients including comprehensive dietary history, laboratory tests, and evaluation of muscle loss and strength capabilities to determine the degree of frailty. For efficient assessment of liver cirrhosis patients Subjective Global Assessment has been used worldwide. The nutritional objectives for such individuals should be to regain liver functions, to prevent complications associated, and to overcome nutritional deficiencies causing malnutrition. METHODS: We conducted a literature review using PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct for this purpose, a total of 130 articles were reviewed out of which 80 (from the past 5 years) including originally published research, review articles and abstracts were also included. Exclusion criteria of the selected studies was year of publication, irrelevancy and animal studies based on the purpose of current study. The aim of this study was to check nutritional management in patients having complications of liver cirrhosis. RESULTS: According to the guidelines, for the conservation of normal nutritional status of the malnourished patients’, energy should be provided 35 kcal/kg/day while to prevent hypoalbuminemia and maintain the protein stores in the body, 1.5 g/kg/day protein has been recommended. Carbohydrates and fats for cirrhosis patients are recommended 50% to 60% and 10% to 20% of the total dietary intake respectively. CONCLUSION: Initial identification and prevention of malnutrition have the probability to lead to better health outcomes, prevention of complications of the disease, and improving quality of life.

Case of acute kidney injury due to bilimbi fruit ingestion

Bilimbi fruit is widely eaten in Malaysia. Rarely reported is its potential to cause acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with prior normal renal function. The possible dangers of its consumption are still relatively unknown among many. This case highlights the importance of taking a thorough dietary history in patients with AKI. We also hope to increase awareness among healthcare professionals on the nephrotoxic and neurotoxic effects of bilimbi fruits.