Torrefaction effects on Pinus taeda L. pellets: gravimetric yield, equilibrium moisture content, and high heating value

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a produção de briquetes feita a partir de quatro diferentes biomassas residuais. Foram utilizados os resíduos de serragem de Eucalyptus sp, serragem de Pinus sp, bagaço de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) e palha de cana-de-açúcar. Os resíduos foram tratados para que obtivessem 12% de umidade e uma granulometria inferior a 1,70 mm. Foram produzidos 15 briquetes para cada um dos quatro tratamentos. A pressão utilizada foi de 1250 kgf.cm-2 durante 30 segundos. Os briquetes obtiveram densidades que oscilaram 0,88 a 1,11 g.cm-3. Isto representou uma faixa de 5 a 14 vezes a menos de ocupação de volume para uma mesma quantidade de massa. O poder calorifico foi de 19.180 J.kg-1 e 20.315 J.kg-1 para as serragens de eucalipto e pinus respectivamente. Para o bagaço e palha de cana os valores foram de 18.541 J.kg-1 e 15.628 J.kg-1. A palha da cana-de-açúcar apresentou um teor de cinzas de 12%. As expansões dos tratamentos oscilaram 4 a 9% e as resistências mecânicas variaram de 1,215 MPa à 0,270 MPa. Todos os briquetes se mostraram resistentes para um empilhamento superior a 10 m de altura. O procedimento adotado pode ajudar a diminuir o espaço de estocagem e de transporte. AbstractThis research aims to characterize the production of briquettes from four different biomasses. We used residues such as Eucalyptus sp sawdust, Pinus sp sawdust , sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L.) and sugarcane straw. The residues were treated to obtain 12% moisture content and particle size less than 1.70 mm. We produced 15 briquettes for each treatment. The pressure used was 1250 kgf.cm-2 for 30 seconds. The briquettes obtained densities ranged from 0.88 to 1.11 g.cm-3. This represented a range of 5 to 14 times less volume occupancy for the same amount of mass. The high heating value (HHV) was 19,180 J.kg-1 and 20,315 J.kg-1 for eucalyptus and pine sawdust respectively. The HHV for the bagasse was 18,541 J.kg-1 and for straw was 15,628 J.kg-1. The straw presented an ash content of 12%. The expansions of the treatments ranged 4 to 9% and mechanical resistances ranging from 1,215 MPa to 0,270 MPa. All briquettes were resistant to a higher stacking to 10 m high. The methods can help to decrease the space of storage and transport.Keywords: Waste; biofuel; energy; compression; stacking.

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Study of making coal water slurry with lignite Pendopo coal

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/882/1/012029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 882 (1) ◽

pp. 012029

Author(s):

M A Rahmanta

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Heating Value ◽

Water Slurry ◽

High Heating Value ◽

Coal Water Slurry ◽

High Heating ◽

Lignite Coal ◽

Total Moisture Content

Abstract The Coal Water Slurry (CWS) technology increases the calorific value and changes the phase of coal from solid to liquid. The CWS Plant with a coal capacity of 1.4 t/hour located at Karawang, West Java converts lignite coal to CWS. Coal undergoes pulverizing, upgrading, and slurry-making processes to become CWS. Pulverization is the process of refining coal size into 200 mesh. The upgrading process is through reducing the moisture content in heat exchangers (HE). It occurs in HE where the coal is pressurized to 15 MPa and the temperature is maintained at 330 0C for 30 minutes. The research objective was to determine the CWS characteristics of the South Sumatra Pendopo lignite coal. The method used is through testing where the Pendopo coal is converted into CWS at the CWS Plant. The result shows that Pendopo coal which has a heating value of High Heating Value (HHV) 2,725.00 kCal/kg As Received (AR) has an increase in HHV heating value of 3,218.00 kcal/kg AR when it becomes CWS. The total moisture content of Pendopo coal has decreased from 49.36% to 44.58% when it becomes CWS. The fixed carbon content of Pendopo coal increased from 19.78% AR to 24.01% AR.

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Fuel Characterization Study and Simulation of Dewatered Domestic Wastewater Sludge Gasification Using ASPEN Plus

Academic Perspective Procedia ◽

10.33793/acperpro.02.03.107 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 954-963

Author(s):

Aboubaker AbdallaIbrahim Ali ◽

Hüseyin Akilli

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Aspen Plus ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Wastewater Sludge ◽

Heating Value ◽

High Heating Value ◽

High Heating ◽

Fuel Characterization

Dewatered domestic wastewater sludge (DDWS) is one of the largest contributors of waste material in the world, and it immediately elevates local environmental problems, especially in the urban area. The conversion of this material into a usable form of green energy, such as syngas through gasification, can be a vital solution. Hence, this method not only solves the environmental issues related to DDWS disposal but also participates as an energy source. To achieve this goal, the essential fuel characterization, which includes initial moisture content, high heating value, ultimate analysis, and proximate analysis, were carried out to assess the potential energy in DDWS. Due to the high expenses of the successful design of the gasifier reactor, and there are no efficient methods to predict the gasification performance, the model of the DDWS gasification process using ASPEN Plus software was developed. As ASPEN Plus software does not contain a built-in gasifier reactor model, a combination of various reactors is used to simulate the gasification processes. These processes were divided out into two stages. In the first stage, DDWS was decomposed into its element by specifying yield distribution. By using Gibbs free energy minimization approach, the gasification reactions were modeled. The current model was validated with the previously published work. From the characterization findings, DDWS showed high initial moisture content 84.64% and potential energy with 16.84 MJ/kg high heating value. The proximate analysis based on the dry base of DDWS exhibited that more than 55.42 % of their mass is composed of volatile materials, and ash content is found to be less than 25.79%.

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Sensitivity of acoustic tools to variation in equilibrium moisture content of small clear samples of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)

Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science ◽

10.1007/s13196-017-0202-1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 10-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Charles Essien ◽

Brian K. Via ◽

Thomas Gallagher ◽

Timothy Mcdonald ◽

Lori Eckhardt

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Pinus Taeda ◽

Equilibrium Moisture Content ◽

Loblolly Pine

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Assessment of Renewable Alternatives to Coal, Based on Their High Heating Value and Global Warming Potential

International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology ◽

10.48175/ijarsct-v4-i3-003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 19-23

Author(s):

V. Dhivakhar ◽

Maju Varghese ◽

Keerthi M. S. ◽

S. Kaviya

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Global Warming Potential ◽

Power Plants ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Thermal Power Plants ◽

Major Contributor ◽

Heating Value ◽

High Heating Value ◽

Green House Gas ◽

High Heating

About 40% of the Global Electricity produced is fuelled by coal. Although Coal has various advantages like good High Heating Value, easy availability etc., it also has various disadvantages. Green House Gas Released from Coal Thermal Power Plants is the single major contributor to Global warming. Coal is also nonrenewable. Hence it is important to analyze the viability of potential alternatives and reduce the usage of coal. In this assessment, various potential replacements of coal have been analyzed based on their High heating value (HHV) and their Global Warming Potential. The Global warming Potential (GWP) of the assessed fuels have been calculated by the Respiratory Quotient (RQ) Factor method. Hence a direct comparison between Coal and other replacements based on their HHV and GWP has been performed.

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Potensi Penerapan Energi Terbarukan Sebagai Upaya Mewujudkan Kemandirian Desa: Studi Kasus Desa Lendang Nangka Lombok Timur

Energi & Kelistrikan ◽

10.33322/energi.v13i1.868 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Shafwan Amrullah

Keyword(s):

Air Flow ◽

Heating Value ◽

High Heating Value ◽

High Heating

Desa saat ini didorong menjadi desa mandiri, baik dalam bidang energi maupun ekonomi dengan mengimplementasikan energi terbarukan untuk meningkatkan kemandirian energi sebagai salah satu langkah meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi penggunaan energi terbarukan seperti Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu (PLTB), Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS), Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air (PLTA), dan Konversi Energi Gasifikasi di desa Lendang Nangka, Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data baik dari BMKG dan pengujian secara langsung menggunakan alat Air Flow Anemometer GM8902 untuk mengetahui kecepatan angin dan DIGITAL TECHNOMETER LX-1010B untuk mengetahui intensitas cahaya matahari. Selain itu dilakukan wawancara kepada pengusaha kecil dan menengah untuk mengetahui penggunaan energi dalam menyokong proses produksinya. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi PLTB yang dapat diemplementasikan adalah PLTB sekala kecil dengan daya sekitar 23,4-632,88 kWh/turbin. Untuk potensi PLTS menghasilkan daya sebesar 410-566 kWh per meter persegi panel surya. Untuk potensi PLTA, turbin yang cocok adalah turbin ukuran kecil dengan potensi daya sekitar 0,3024-2,2194 kWh. Sedangkan untuk potensi penggunaan converter energi jenis gasifikasi dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi penggunaan bahan bakar tidak terbarukan sekaligus menghemat biaya porduksi. Sebab, nilai High Heating Value gas sintetik yang dihasilkan 1,7 kali lebih besar daripada pembakaran langsung dengan kayu.

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Energy Recovery from Waste Tires Using Pyrolysis: Palestine as Case of Study

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13071817 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1817 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ramez Abdallah ◽

Adel Juaidi ◽

Mahmoud Assad ◽

Tareq Salameh ◽

Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro

Keyword(s):

Carbon Black ◽

West Bank ◽

The Other ◽

Liquid Fuels ◽

Pyrolysis Oil ◽

Pyrolysis Gas ◽

Heating Value ◽

Waste Tires ◽

High Heating Value ◽

High Heating

The first industrial-scale pyrolysis plant for solid tire wastes has been installed in Jenin, northern of the West Bank in Palestine, to dispose of the enormous solid tire wastes in the north of West Bank. The disposable process is an environmentally friendly process and it converts tires into useful products, which could reduce the fuel crisis in Palestine. The gravimetric analysis of tire waste pyrolysis products from the pyrolysis plant working at the optimum conditions is: tire pyrolysis oil (TPO): 45%, pyrolysis carbon black (PCB): 35%, pyrolysis gas (Pyro-Gas): 10% and steel wire: 10%. These results are depending on the tire type and size. It has been found that the produced pyrolysis oil has a High Heating Value (HHV), with a range of 42 − 43 ( MJ / kg ) , which could make it useful as a replacement for conventional liquid fuels. The main disadvantage of using the TPO as fuel is its strong acrid smell and its low flash point, as compared with the other conventional liquid fuels. The produced pyrolysis carbon black also has a High Heating Value (HHV) of about 29 (MJ/kg), which could also encourage its usage as a solid fuel. Carbon black could also be used as activated carbon, printers’ ink, etc. The pyrolysis gas (Pyro-Gas) obtained from waste tires mainly consist of light hydrocarbons. The concentration of H2 has a range of 30% to 40% in volume and it has a high calorific value (approximately 31 MJ / m 3 ), which can meet the process requirement of energy. On the other hand, it is necessary to clean gas before the burning process to remove H2S from Pyro-Gas, and hence, reduce the acid rain problem. However, for the current plant, some recommendations should be followed for more comfortable operation and safer environment work conditions.

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Producing a high heating value and weather resistant solid fuel via briquetting of blended wood residues and thermoplastics

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119263 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 283 ◽

pp. 119263

Author(s):

Bing Song ◽

Martin Cooke-Willis ◽

Beatrix Theobald ◽

Peter Hall

Keyword(s):

Solid Fuel ◽

Heating Value ◽

High Heating Value ◽

Wood Residues ◽

High Heating

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Fast analysis of high heating value and elemental compositions of sorghum biomass using near-infrared spectroscopy

Energy ◽

10.1016/j.energy.2016.11.015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 118 ◽

pp. 1353-1360 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ke Zhang ◽

Ling Zhou ◽

Michael Brady ◽

Feng Xu ◽

Jianming Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Fast Analysis ◽

Heating Value ◽

Elemental Compositions ◽

High Heating Value ◽

High Heating

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USE OF CASTOR OIL PLANT PIE FOR SOLID BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

Revista Brasileira de Energias Renováveis ◽

10.5380/rber.v8i3.65672 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Paula Martucheli Amaral ◽

Luciano Donizeti Varanda ◽

Gabriela Tami Nakashima ◽

Pâmela Beatriz Moreira De Oliveira ◽

Luis Ricardo Oliveira Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Castor Oil ◽

Mechanical Test ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Residual Oil ◽

Heating Value ◽

High Heating Value ◽

Solid Biofuel ◽

High Heating ◽

Oil Plant

The objective of this study was the characterization, analysis and compaction of residues from castor oil plant pie extraction to verify its potential as solid biofuel. The chemical analysis, the mechanical test and the gross calorific value had satisfactory results. With the extraction of residual oil of the material there was a decrease on the high heating value. The produced briquettes presented good longitudinal expansion as well as mechanical strenght, however the presence of residual oil had influence on their strenght. In conclusion, the castor oil plant pie possesses energetic characteristics suitable for solid biofuel production, in addition it contributes with the reduction of industrial waste amount.

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