Efficacy of maize inbred testers with varying levels of resistance to Striga for classifying Striga-resistant yellow-maize lines into heterotic groups

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Degife Zebire ◽  
Abebe Menkir ◽  
Victor Adetimirin ◽  
Wende Mengesha ◽  
Silvestro Meseka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterotic Groups

scholarly journals Characterization of the Genetic Diversity Present in a Diverse Sesame Landrace Collection Based on Phenotypic Traits and EST-SSR Markers Coupled With an HRM Analysis

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 656
Author(s):  
Evangelia Stavridou ◽  
Georgios Lagiotis ◽  
Parthena Kalaitzidou ◽  
Ioannis Grigoriadis ◽  
Irini Bosmali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Dissimilarity Matrix ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Hrm Analysis ◽  
Sesame Genotypes

A selection of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) landraces of different eco-geographical origin and breeding history have been characterized using 28 qualitative morpho-physiological descriptors and seven expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers coupled with a high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. The most variable qualitative traits that could efficiently discriminate landraces, as revealed by the correlation analyses, were the plant growth type and position of the branches, leaf blade width, stem pubescence, flowering initiation, capsule traits and seed coat texture. The agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis based on a dissimilarity matrix highlighted three main groups among the sesame landraces. An EST-SSR marker analysis revealed an average polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.82, which indicated that the selected markers were highly polymorphic. A principal coordinate analysis and dendrogram reconstruction based on the molecular data classified the sesame genotypes into four major clades. Both the morpho-physiological and molecular analyses showed that landraces from the same geographical origin were not always grouped in the same cluster, forming heterotic groups; however, clustering patterns were observed for the Greek landraces. The selective breeding of such traits could be employed to unlock the bottleneck of local phenotypic diversity and create new cultivars with desirable traits.

scholarly journals Maize inbreds from different heterotic groups as favorable sources for increased potential bioavailability of magnesium, iron, manganese and zinc

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Vesna Dragicevic ◽  
Snezana Mladenovic-Drinic ◽  
Milovan Stojiljkovic ◽  
Milomir Filipovic ◽  
Bogdan Nikolic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Maize Inbreds ◽  
Iron Manganese

Biplot analysis of diallel crosses for cold tolerance in rice at the germination stage

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyman Sharifi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Safari Motlagh
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Diallel Crosses ◽  
Biplot Analysis ◽  
Germination Stage

This paper reports analysis of 7 × 7 diallel crosses using a genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction biplot for determining cold tolerance at the germination stage in rice. ANOVA indicated that there were highly significant differences among the replications, genotypes, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for percentage of reduction in radicle length (RL), coleoptile length (CL) and germination percentage (GP). The hybrid Neda × Hassani had the highest mid-parent heterosis for RL, CL and GP (–58.84, –68.47 and –80.77%, respectively). This result indicated that the reduction of three traits in crosses of Neda × Hassani was lower than their parents. The graphical representation by biplot analysis allowed a rapid and effective overview of GCA and reveals that Deilamani was an ideal general combiner for all traits and this parent is a superior variety for these three traits. Three potential heterotic groups are suggested for RL reduction. Four potential heterotic groups were identified for the two other traits, in the biplot. The first two principal component (PC) axes in the biplot for reduction in GP explained 85% of the variation with first and second principal components (PC1 and PC2, respectively). An important inference that can be drawn from these results is that cross combinations involving Hassani and Deilamani as one of the parents recorded desirable SCA effects for all or most of the studied traits. The information obtained from this experiment can facilitate the identification of hybrids that combine cold resistance traits in rice.

scholarly journals Assessment of Heterosis Based on Genetic Distance Estimated Using SNP in Common Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingbin Nie ◽  
Wanquan Ji ◽  
Songmei Ma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Snp Analysis ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

This study assessed the genetic distance (GD) between parental genotypes using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) DNA markers and evaluated the correlation between GD and heterosis in common wheat. We examined the performance of parents and hybrids in a field experiment conducted in a randomized block design at a Shihezi location with three replications. Different traits such as the height of the parents and the F1 generation, number of harvested ears, number of grains per panicle, grain weight per panicle, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield were examined. Genotyping using a wheat 90K SNP chip determined the GD between the parents and analyzed the relationship between GD and heterotic performance of hybrids in wheat. Cluster analysis based on GD estimated using SNP chips divided the 20 elite parents into five groups which were almost consistent with the parental pedigree. Correlation analysis showed a significant association between GD and mid-parent heterosis (MPH) of 1000-grain weight. However, GD and high-parent heterosis (HPH) of 1000-grain weight showed no significant correlation. There was a weak correlation between GD and with spikelet number, harvested spikes, and yield at MPH or HPH. Hence, SNP analysis may be utilized in allocating wheat parents to heterotic groups. However, the correlation between SNP-based GD and hybrid performance still remains unclear.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Yield-Based Low Nitrogen Tolerance Indices for Screening Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixin Zhao ◽  
Kunhui He ◽  
Zhiqian Feng ◽  
Yanan Li ◽  
Liguo Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Low Nitrogen Tolerance ◽  
Low Nitrogen

To screen the desired criterion to identify desirable genotypes and select genotypes best suited to limited nitrogen availability in order to facilitate the practice of low-nitrogen-tolerant breeding in maize, the response of 31 maize inbred lines, containing four control inbred lines (PH6WC, PH4CV, Zheng58, and Chang7-2) and others selected from the Shaan A and Shaan B heterotic groups cultivated at Northwest A&F University (Yangling, Shaanxi, China), were evaluated. The experiment was conducted following a split plot design with two replications during three growing seasons (2015, 2016, and 2017) under both high nitrogen (HN) and low nitrogen (LN) conditions at the Yulin and Yangling in Shaanxi Province, China. Seven screening indices, based on grain yield under two contrasting nitrogen (N) conditions, the stress susceptibility index (SSI), yield stability index (YSI), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), harmonic mean (HM), and low nitrogen tolerance index (LNTI), were computed to assess the overall index that accurately screened the desirable genotypes. The results of the correlation analyses and principal component analysis showed that MP, GMP, HM and STI were correlated with grain yield significantly and positively under contrasting N conditions, and were able to accurately discriminate the desirable genotypes. Compared with the control inbred lines, many inbred lines selected from the Shaan A and Shaan B groups showed a higher LN tolerance. This shows that we can effectively improve the LN tolerance of maize inbred lines through LN screening. Based on the screening indices, the three-dimensional diagram and genotype and genotype × environment (GGE) biplots are agreed with this results, and we identified KA105, KB081, KA225, 91227, and 2013KB-47 as the desired genotypes that have the potential to be used to breed a high yield and stable hybrid.

scholarly journals Applications of molecular markers in Genetic Diversity Studies of maize

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
Degife Asefa Zebire
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Genetic Diversity Analysis ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
Genetic Diversity Study

Molecular markers are efficient for exploiting variations in genotypes as they are not influenced by environmental factors and also speed up breeding programs. They are used to detect large numbers of distinct divergence between genotypes at the DNA level. Genetic diversity study helps to estimate the relationship between inbred lines to make the best hybrid combinations. Lines which are clustered in different heterotic groups are considered as the best hybrid combinations to carry out further breeding activities. Molecular markers are used to meet a number of objectives, including genetic diversity analysis and prediction of hybrid performances in divergent crop species. Agro-morphological and molecular markers have been utilized to study genetic diversity so far. In maize, the uses of molecular markers are important for the evaluation of genetic diversity of inbred lines and in clustering them into heterotic groups. These markers determine genetic similarity of the lines and are used to assess the genetic diversity of maize. Molecular markers have proven valuable for genetic diversity analysis of many crop species and genetically diverse lines are important to improve hybrid breeding. Keyword: Molecular marker; Genetic diversity; Genetic variation, Diversity Array technology; cluster analysis

Genetic relationships among napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) nursery accessions using AFLP markers

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Harris ◽  
William Anderson ◽  
Ravindra Malik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Arithmetic Average

Pennisetum purpureum Schum. (napiergrass) is a perennial grass used for forage especially in South America and Africa. Over the last 30 years, a USDA–ARS nursery containing accessions collected from all over the world has been established in Tifton, Georgia. The study reported here was conducted to assess the molecular genetic variation and genetic relatedness among 89 accessions from the Tifton nursery using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers, morphological data and ploidy level. Using 218 polymorphic markers from eight selective primer combinations, the 89 accessions were clustered into five groups using a principal components analysis and a dendrogram based on Dice similarity estimates and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average clustering. These five groups include three groups collected from Kenya, a group from Puerto Rico, and accessions derived from the cultivar Merkeron. This research provides the first molecular characterization of the Tifton nursery, displays the relationships between accessions, and provides potential heterotic groups for napiergrass and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) breeding improvement.

Heterotic groups of tropical indica rice germplasm

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Wang ◽  
Fulin Qiu ◽  
Wenceslao Larazo ◽  
Madonna Angelita dela Paz ◽  
Fangming Xie
Keyword(s):  
Indica Rice ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Rice Germplasm

scholarly journals Evaluation of CIMMYT maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm by tropical inbred testers

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Uttam Chandel ◽  
BS Mankotia ◽  
KS Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Inbred Line ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Heterotic Groups

Twenty five CIMMYT inbreds were crossed with four elite tropical maize testers. Results exhibited that one inbred line tester can select the top best lines from a large number of CIMMYT lines and two testers gave more reliable results than one tester did. However, when line × environment interaction was significant, selected lines by one tester in one environment were not necessarily same as those selected at another environment indicating thereby that different testers should be used for selecting best inbreds at different environments. This study also showed that inbred lines from different maize heterotic groups did not show any significant differences in identifying best CIMMYT germplasm DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i2.21661 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(2): 131-139, 2014 (September)

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