Wicking and Drying Behavior of Knitted Cotton Fabrics under Modified Water Drop Test

In this paper, the sol-gel method was used for in-situ synthesis of SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) on cotton fabrics with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in the presence of acid and alkaline indicators. The samples were characterized using by (X-ray diffraction) XRD, (scanning electron Microscopy) SEM, (Inductively coupled plasma) ICP, water drop test and also the flame retardant properties were studied by char yield. The SEM images showed that the nanoparticles are spherical in shape and the acidity or alkalinity of the medium has an effect on the formation of particles. The XRD patterns showed the typical diffraction of amorphous SiO2 (Si-O short-order structure), also ICP analysis showed that by washing the fabrics, the nanoparticles are still present on the fabric, and this indicated the stability of the washing of the fabrics impregnated with the nanoparticles. By in-situ synthesis of SiO2 nanoparticles, the flame retardant properties have been improved significantly and the amount of residual char was increased and samples were observed to be hydrophilic.

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A Laboratory Study of N-Oleoyl Sarcosine As a Rust Inhibitor in Some Petroleum Products★

CORROSION ◽

10.5006/0010-9312-13.10.92 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 92-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

ROBERT M. PINES ◽

JOHN D. SPIVACK

Keyword(s):

Sea Water ◽

Water Drop ◽

Immersion Test ◽

Petroleum Products ◽

Laboratory Studies ◽

Turbine Oil ◽

Static Water ◽

Water Drop Test ◽

Rust Inhibitor ◽

Static Immersion

Abstract Laboratory studies indicate that N-oleoyl sarcosine (I) is an effective oil soluble rust inhibitor in solution in gasoline, mineral oil and silicone lubricants. Rusting tests used included: Turbine Oil Rusting Test (ASTM D665-54), a Static Immersion Test, Humidity Cabinet Test (JAN H-792), Static Water Drop Test (MIL-L-17353 Bu. Ord.). In addition, a number of auxiliary tests were run to indicate the effect of (I) on other properties of the test liquid. Hydrocarbon solutions of N-oleoyl sarcosine are particularly effective in preventing rusting in the presence of synthetic sea water and in resisting water extraction of the inhibitor. 5.8.2

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Effect Of Dyeing On Wrinkle Properties Of Cotton Cross-Linked By Butane Tetracarboxylic Acid (BTCA) In Presence Of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) Nanoparticles

Autex Research Journal ◽

10.2478/aut-2014-0039 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 104-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Emadaldin Hezavehi ◽

Sheila Shahidi ◽

Peyman Zolgharnein

Keyword(s):

Water Drop ◽

Cotton Fabrics ◽

Current Treatment ◽

Sodium Hypophosphite ◽

Structural Parameter ◽

Dyeing Process ◽

Direct Blue ◽

Before And After ◽

Dye Fastness ◽

Crystallinity Changes

Abstract This study evaluates the wrinkle behaviour and wrinkle resistant properties of cotton fabrics dyed by Direct Blue 2B in the presence and absence of nano-TiO2 particles. A finishing process on samples was performed before dyeing by means of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and sodium hypophosphite (SHP) using a pad dry cure method. Such experiments as wrinkle recovery test (AATCC-128), water drop test and dye fastness determination (ISO 105-C01) were conducted to understand how current treatment impacted the cotton fabrics’ properties. Finally, samples were characterised using the X-ray diffractometery method to scrutinise how crystallinity changes and dominates the structural parameter (wrinkle behaviour) of cotton fabrics. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualise the surface variations of the samples before and after dyeing process. The results showed that the wrinkle resistant of cross-linked fabrics have been improved after direct dyeing. Furthermore, levelness dyeing and good fastness properties of dyes on cross-linked fabrics were observed.

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Effect of Phosphorus and Nickel on Electrochemical Migration of Sn-3Ag-0.7Cu Solder Paste in Simulated Body Fluid

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.273.61 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 273 ◽

pp. 61-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Norinsan Kamil Othman ◽

Emee Marina Salleh ◽

C. Sarveswaran ◽

Fakhrozi Che Ani

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Simulated Body Fluid ◽

Body Fluid ◽

Water Drop ◽

Electrochemical Migration ◽

Time To Failure ◽

Solder Paste ◽

Water Drop Test ◽

Sbf Solution ◽

Mean Time

Electrochemical migration (ECM) behaviour of Sn-3Ag-0.7Cu and Sn-3Ag-0.7Cu-0.03P-0.005Ni solder alloys were investigated using simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. In electronic devices, ECM phenomenon potentially leads to incompetence or failure of the whole devices. According to water drop test (WDT), mean-time-to-failure (MTTF) of commercially used Sn-3Ag-0.7Cu solder alloy was prolonged with addition of phosphorus (P) and nickel (Ni) as alloying elements. According to microstructure of each solder paste alloy which was observed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), dendrite structure in Sn-3Ag-0.7Cu-0.03P-0.005 Ni solder was lesser than in plain the Sn-3Ag-0.7Cu. This phenomenon suggested that presence of P and Ni retarded the growth of dendritic thus improved its corrosion resistance. Therefore, Sn-3Ag-0.7Cu-0.03P-0.005Ni possessed a good corrosion resistance in SBF medium.

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In-Situ Study of Electrochemical Migration of Tin in The Presence of Bromide Ion

10.21203/rs.3.rs-113145/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ee Lynn Lee ◽

A. S. M. A. Haseeb ◽

Wan Jeffrey Basirun ◽

Yew Hoong Wong ◽

Mohd Faizul Mohd Sabri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Drop ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Electrochemical Migration ◽

X Rays ◽

Corrosion Properties ◽

Bromide Ion ◽

Water Drop Test ◽

Ionic Contaminants

Abstract The miniaturization of electronic devices and the consequent decrease in the distance between conductive lines have increased the risk of short circuit failure due to electrochemical migration (ECM). The presence of ionic contaminants in the devices can accelerate the ECM process. This work systematically investigates the ECM of tin (Sn) in the presence of bromide ions (Br−) in the range of 10-6 M to 1.0 M. Water drop test (WDT) was conducted in the two-probe semiconductor characterization system under an optical microscope for in-situ observations. Anodic polarization test (APT) was carried out to study the correlation between corrosion properties of Sn and its ECM behaviour. The products of ECM were characterized by scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy dispersive X-rays spectrometer (SEM/ EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The results confirm that the rate of anodic dissolution of Sn monotonously increases with Br− concentration. However, the probability of ECM failure follows a normal distribution initially, but later increases with the Br− concentration. The main products of the ECM reactions are identified as Sn dendrites and tin hydroxide precipitates. The mechanism of the ECM process of Sn in the presence of Br− is also suggested.

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The Evaluation of Certain Organic Nitrogen Compounds As Corrosion Inhibitors★

CORROSION ◽

10.5006/0010-9312-15.3.44 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 44-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

E. J. SCHWOEGLER ◽

L. U. BERMAN

Keyword(s):

Electron Pair ◽

Water Drop ◽

Unshared Electron Pair ◽

Lubricating Oil ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Nitrogen Compounds ◽

Heterocyclic Nitrogen ◽

Static Water ◽

Water Drop Test ◽

Petroleum Oil

Abstract The Static Water Drop Test adapted to research methods has been utilized to evaluate the corrosion inhibiting ability of a number of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds. Most of these heterocyclic N derivatives were synthesized and purified and evaluated in a petroleum-type lubricating oil and a synthetic diester-type lubricating oil. The effect of various functional groups and their positions in the molecule was related to the corrosion inhibiting properties. It was found that the adsorptive power was a function of the heterocyclic nitrogen containing a hydrogen atom as the substituent. It was also found that the adsorptive power at the heterocyclic nitrogen atom was lost when other substituents replaced the hydrogen. It was concluded that the adsorptive effect of the heterocyclic nitrogen is due to its unshared electron pair, which is sterically hindered when substituents other than hydrogen are attached. N-Hydroxyalkyl derivatives in diester oil seemed to arrange themselves in order of effectiveness on the basis of the position of the hydroxyl group in the alkyl chain. The closer the hydroxyl was to the heterocyclic nitrogen the more effective it was as a corrosion inhibitor. There was no way to explain the order of effectiveness of the same compounds in petroleum oil. 5.8.1

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