Energy performance and variability of an improved top-lit updraft biomass cookstove under a water boiling test protocol

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Keily De La Hoz C. ◽  
William A. González
Keyword(s):  
Energy Performance ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Water Boiling Test

scholarly journals Energy Performance Analysis of B1-3.5mm Burner Model of Fasobio-15 Biodigester Biogas Cookstoves

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Noufou Bagaya ◽  
Issaka Ouedraogo ◽  
Daniel Windé Nongué Koumbem ◽  
Gwladys Wendwaoga Sandwidi ◽  
Florent Pelega Kieno
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Water Boiling Test ◽  
Cooking Test ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Phase Water ◽  
Heating Test ◽  
Burner Model

In Burkina Faso, finding wood for cooking is still a headache for rural households due to the advancing desert. Here, we try to bring a new way for farmers who already have a biodigester and convince those who are reluctant to adopt this work to reduce their dependence on wood. For this purpose, a characterization of the energy performance of biogas stoves is carried out based on the three-phase water heating test protocol called Water Boiling Test (WBT). The fuel used in the study is the biogas produced by a batch biodigester fed with pig manure. The analysis of the produced biogas shows a methane content of 60% and maximum hydrogen sulfide of 400ppm. The heat balance shows a loss of 11% in the walls of the cookstove and about 36% in the flue gas. Thus the energy performance of the furnace is estimated at 53%, a combustion rate of 6.4 L /min and the average boiling time is 50 minutes. Given these results, we suggest that households use biogas fuel and the B1-3.5mm burner in the cookstove as a replacement for the other burners. We intend to carry out a controlled cooking test on this stove, a modeling of the biogas production and its consumption in this type of burner.

scholarly journals Prototyping and Performance Evaluation of Household Cow Dung Gasifier Stove: Cooking and Environmental Performance in the Case of Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamu Sh. Tadesse ◽  
Elias Gabisa ◽  
Basazzin A. Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Water Boiling Test ◽  
Cook Stoves

Abstract Biomass energy is the most important primary energy sources in Ethiopia, above 90% of primary energy comes from biomass.Cow dung is one of the widely consumed biomass as a source of energy in rural areas of Ethiopia in traditional and inefficient cook stoves. To this end, this piece of research work is aimed at designing, manufacturing and experimentally testing its environmental and energy performance compared to the traditional three-stone stove. In this study water boiling test and control cooking test was used to investigate the performance of stoves. The proposed gasifier stove shows a better performance than three stones stove when water-boiling test conducted in terms of cooking duration, specific fuel consumption, and pollutant gases emission. The experimental results revealed that gasifier stove has shown an increase of thermal efficiency by 26.6% and reduced PM2.5 and CO emission by 58.9% and 88.6% respectively as compared to the traditional three-stone cook stove.Furthermore, the gasifier stove has shown 64% fuel saving efficiency as compared to the three stones stove and 54% cooking time saving to cook the same amount and kind of meal. In every aspect of the measuring parameters whether the energy efficiency performance or environmental performance the designed gasifier stove performs better than the traditional three-stone cook stoves. Therefore, with a small and simple modification, the gasifier stove could be disseminated to the rural community of the region in collaboration with the regional bureau.

scholarly journals Design, Fabrication and Testing of a Forced Draft Biomass Cook Stove

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
Anamika Pol ◽  
Abhinav Khandekar ◽  
Ankur Sharma ◽  
Kush Shrivastava ◽  
Pragyan Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Emission Performance ◽  
Water Boiling Test ◽  
Forced Draft ◽  
Cook Stoves ◽  
Design Calculations

An approach towards an Improvement in performance of cook stoves has been a great challenge to scientists and researchers as biomass cook stoves are one of the basic needs of people living in rural areas. But due to household pollution by Traditional Cook stoves causes illness to people preparing for their regular meals near it. So, taking an initiative for Designing, Fabricating and Improvisation in the performance of Forced Draft cook stoves by placing proper Primary and Secondary holes in combustion chamber which gives better air distribution for proper combustion to get Lower Emission rates. Various experimentations are being performed on the basis of standard protocols i.e. BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards), VITA (Volunteer in Technical Assistance), EPTP (Emission Performance Test Protocol), WBT (Water Boiling Test) amongst which BIS had an upper hand and had very less uncertainty of errors due to which it is mostly being used in checking and improving emission performance of cook stoves for more efficient use with less chances of health issues. This paper consists of Design, Calculations and Constructional working of Forced Draft Biomass Cook stove and also the Burning rate Calculations were carried out to check fuel burnt rate.

Assessment of Cognitive-Communicative Disorders of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Sustained in Combat

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Parrish ◽  
Carole Roth ◽  
Brooke Roberts ◽  
Gail Davie
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Patient Questionnaire ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Communication Deficits

Abstract Background: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is recognized as the signature injury of the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, yet there remains limited understanding of the persisting cognitive deficits of mTBI sustained in combat. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have traditionally been responsible for evaluating and treating the cognitive-communication disorders following severe brain injuries. The evaluation instruments historically used are insensitive to the subtle deficits found in individuals with mTBI. Objectives: Based on the limited literature and clinical evidence describing traditional and current tests for measuring cognitive-communication deficits (CCD) of TBI, the strengths and weaknesses of the instruments are discussed relative to their use with mTBI. It is necessary to understand the nature and severity of CCD associated with mTBI for treatment planning and goal setting. Yet, the complexity of mTBI sustained in combat, which often co-occurs with PTSD and other psychological health and physiological issues, creates a clinical challenge for speech-language pathologists worldwide. The purpose of the paper is to explore methods for substantiating the nature and severity of CCD described by service members returning from combat. Methods: To better understand the nature of the functional cognitive-communication deficits described by service members returning from combat, a patient questionnaire and a test protocol were designed and administered to over 200 patients. Preliminary impressions are described addressing the nature of the deficits and the challenges faced in differentiating the etiologies of the CCD. Conclusions: Speech-language pathologists are challenged with evaluating, diagnosing, and treating the cognitive-communication deficits of mTBI resulting from combat-related injuries. Assessments that are sensitive to the functional deficits of mTBI are recommended. An interdisciplinary rehabilitation model is essential for differentially diagnosing the consequences of mTBI, PTSD, and other psychological and physical health concerns.

Job Validation Studies and Physical Agility Testing: Is the Vendor Telling You What They Think You Want or Are You Telling Them What You Need?

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
E. Randolph Soo Hoo ◽  
Stephen L. Demeter
Keyword(s):  
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ◽  
Job Analysis ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Key Terms

Abstract Referring agents may ask independent medical evaluators if the examinee can return to work in either a normal or a restricted capacity; similarly, employers may ask external parties to conduct this type of assessment before a hire or after an injury. Functional capacity evaluations (FCEs) are used to measure agility and strength, but they have limitations and use technical jargon or concepts that can be confusing. This article clarifies key terms and concepts related to FCEs. The basic approach to a job analysis is to collect information about the job using a variety of methods, analyze the data, and summarize the data to determine specific factors required for the job. No single, optimal job analysis or validation method is applicable to every work situation or company, but the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission offers technical standards for each type of validity study. FCEs are a systematic method of measuring an individual's ability to perform various activities, and results are matched to descriptions of specific work-related tasks. Results of physical abilities/agilities tests are reported as “matching” or “not matching” job demands or “pass” or “fail” meeting job criteria. Individuals who fail an employment physical agility test often challenge the results on the basis that the test was poorly conducted, that the test protocol was not reflective of the job, or that levels for successful completion were inappropriate.

Impact of roof shading on building energy performance in warm & humid climatic places of India

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Kuladeep Kumar Sadevi ◽  
Avlokita Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
General Assumption ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Base Case ◽  
U Value ◽  
The Impact

With the rise in awareness of energy efficient buildings and adoption of mandatory energy conservation codes across the globe, significant change is being observed in the way the buildings are designed. With the launch of Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) in India, climate responsive designs and passive cooling techniques are being explored increasingly in building designs. Of all the building envelope components, roof surface has been identified as the most significant with respect to the heat gain due to the incident solar radiation on buildings, especially in tropical climatic conditions. Since ECBC specifies stringent U-Values for roof assembly, use of insulating materials is becoming popular. Along with insulation, the shading of the roof is also observed to be an important strategy for improving thermal performance of the building, especially in Warm and humid climatic conditions. This study intends to assess the impact of roof shading on building’s energy performance in comparison to that of exposed roof with insulation. A typical office building with specific geometry and schedules has been identified as base case model for this study. This building is simulated using energy modelling software ‘Design Builder’ with base case parameters as prescribed in ECBC. Further, the same building has been simulated parametrically adjusting the amount of roof insulation and roof shading simultaneously. The overall energy consumption and the envelope performance of the top floor are extracted for analysis. The results indicate that the roof shading is an effective passive cooling strategy for both naturally ventilated and air conditioned buildings in Warm and humid climates of India. It is also observed that a fully shaded roof outperforms the insulated roof as per ECBC prescription. Provision of shading over roof reduces the annual energy consumption of building in case of both insulated and uninsulated roofs. However, the impact is higher for uninsulated roofs (U-Value of 3.933 W/m2K), being 4.18% as compared to 0.59% for insulated roofs (U-Value of 0.33 W/m2K).While the general assumption is that roof insulation helps in reducing the energy consumption in tropical buildings, it is observed to be the other way when insulation is provided with roof shading. It is due to restricted heat loss during night.

RESEARCH OF INDICATORS OF A VEHICLE WITH A DIESEL WORKING ON DIESEL AND DIESEL GAS CYCLES USING THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Serhii Kovbasenko ◽  
Andriy Holyk ◽  
Serhii Hutarevych
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Fuel System ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Diesel Vehicles ◽  
Diesel Cycle ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The features of an advanced mathematical model of motion of a truck with a diesel engine operating on the diesel and diesel gas cycles are presented in the article. As a result of calculations using the mathematical model, a decrease in total mass emissions as a result of carbon monoxide emissions is observed due to a decrease in emissions of nitrogen oxides and emissions of soot in the diesel gas cycle compared to the diesel cycle. The mathematical model of a motion of a truck on a city driving cycle according to GOST 20306-90 allows to study the fuel-economic, environmental and energy indicators of a diesel and diesel gas vehicle. The results of the calculations on the mathematical model will make it possible to conclude on the feasibility of converting diesel vehicles to using compressed natural gas. Object of the study – the fuel-economic, environmental and energy performance diesel engine that runs on dual fuel system using CNG. Purpose of the study – study of changes in fuel, economic, environmental and energy performance of vehicles with diesel engines operating on diesel and diesel gas cycles, according to urban driving cycle modes. Method of the study – calculations on a mathematical model and comparison of results with road tests. Bench and road tests, results of calculations on the mathematical model of motion of a truck with diesel, working on diesel and diesel gas cycles, show the improvement of environmental performance of diesel vehicles during the converting to compressed natural gas in operation. Improvement of environmental performance is obtained mainly through the reduction of soot emissions and nitrogen oxides emissions from diesel gas cycle operations compared to diesel cycle operations. The results of the article can be used to further develop dual fuel system using CNG. Keywords: diesel engine, diesel gas engine, CNG

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