Electric vehicle smart charging and vehicle-to-grid operation

An increase in variable renewable energy sources and soaring electricity demand at peak hours undermines the efficiency and reliability of the power supply. Conventional supply-side solutions, such as additional gas turbine plants and energy storage systems, can help mitigate these problems; however, they are not cost-effective. This study highlights the potential value of electric vehicle demand response programs by analyzing three separate scenarios: electric vehicle charging based on a time-of-use tariff, smart charging controlled by an aggregator through virtual power plant networks, and smart control with vehicle-to-grid capability. The three programs are analyzed based on the stochastic form of a power system optimization model under two hypothetical power system environments in Jeju Island, Korea: one with a low share of variable renewable energy in 2019 and the other with a high share in 2030. The results show that the cost saving realized by the electric vehicle demand response program is higher in 2030 and a smart control with vehicle-to-grid capability provides the largest cost saving. When the costs of implementing an electric vehicle demand response are considered, the difference in cost saving between the scenarios is reduced; however, the benefits are still large enough to attract customers to participate.

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Storage and Generation for Clean Renewable Transportation

The Journal of Undergraduate Research at the University of Illinois at Chicago ◽

10.5210/jur.v8i1.7538 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

J Barrett

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Energy Production ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Vehicle To Grid ◽

Renewable Power ◽

Smart Charging ◽

Renewable Power Generation ◽

Electric Generation

Current technology advancements have made renewable power generation and electric vehicles feasible in today's market. As these technologies continue to merge into our systems, they create a need for energy storage and greater demand for clean power. The electric vehicle and the grid are going to be integrated due to the charging need of the EV. By developing the technologies together with smart communications, they can help solve issues with a reward or solution for each industry. Vehicle and grid connectivity is of the upmost importance as Electric Vehicles (EV) come online. Communications and infrastructure upgrades are going to be needed as renewables and EV technology develops. Renewable energy production tends to be intermittent and will require storage. Adaptation of the Electric Vehicle depends on a better battery. As we strive to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels the electric vehicles are becoming part of our means of transportation. These changes are creating a greater need for renewable electric generation to power these vehicles and reduce fossil fuel usage. As additional renewable power generation comes onto the grid, the need for storage is increased. Electric vehicles will also create a large demand on the grid for charging the batteries. Utilizing smart charging, vehicle-to-grid, and improved communications can solve these hurdles.

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Smart Grid Operation with Hybrid Renewable Resources and Electric Vehicle

Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal ◽

10.24084/repqj16.222 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 88-93

Author(s):

Mohamed Ahmed Hassan El-Sayed ◽

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Electric Vehicle ◽

Renewable Resources ◽

Grid Operation

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Smart Charging of Electric Vehicle

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3645314 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Akshada Jadhav ◽

Ganesh Ghorpade ◽

Nayan Kanthikar ◽

Nitesh Anwat

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Smart Charging

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Smart charging for electric vehicles to minimise charging cost

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part A Journal of Power and Energy ◽

10.1177/0957650916688409 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 231 (6) ◽

pp. 526-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yue Wang ◽

David Infield ◽

Simon Gill

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Distribution System ◽

Power Flow ◽

Optimal Power Flow ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Wholesale Price ◽

Heuristic Method ◽

Domain Model ◽

Smart Charging

This paper assumes a smart grid framework where the driving patterns for electric vehicles are known, time variations in electricity prices are communicated to householders, and data on voltage variation throughout the distribution system are available. Based on this information, an aggregator with access to this data can be employed to minimise electric vehicles charging costs to the owner whilst maintaining acceptable distribution system voltages. In this study, electric vehicle charging is assumed to take place only in the home. A single-phase Low Voltage (LV) distribution network is investigated where the local electric vehicles penetration level is assumed to be 100%. Electric vehicle use patterns have been extracted from the UK Time of Use Survey data with a 10-min resolution and the domestic base load is generated from an existing public domain model. Apart from the so-called real time price signal, which is derived from the electricity system wholesale price, the cost of battery degradation is also considered in the optimal scheduling of electric vehicles charging. A simple and effective heuristic method is proposed to minimise the electric vehicles’ charging cost whilst satisfying the requirement of state of charge for the electric vehicles’ battery. A simulation in OpenDSS over a period of 24 h has been implemented, taking care of the network constraints for voltage level at the customer connection points. The optimisation results are compared with those obtained using dynamic optimal power flow.

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