Effect of ryegrass hay and ryegrass silage, cut at two stages of development, on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, and purine derivative excretion in growing sheep

A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of single cell protein (SCP) supplement as a protein source on nutrient intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and in situ digestion kinetics in four Nili Ravi buffalo bulls. Four iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous concentrates containing 3, 6, 9 and 12% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-fermented citrus pulp were formulated. All animals were fed a ration with a concentrate/forage ratio of 50:50. Diets were provided ad libitum twice a day as a total mixed ration in a 4 × 4 Latin Square Design. Each experimental period lasted 3 weeks while the overall study 12 weeks. The first 2 weeks of each experimental period were used as adaptation period while the third week as collection period. Chemical composition of fermented citrus pulp appeared as an excellent source of protein. No significant difference was observed on dry matter intake, digestibility of nutrients and SCP among all the treatments. Moreover, no significant effect was observed on ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen at different times. Rate of disappearance and lag time of in situ dry matter digestion kinetics remained nonsignificant regardless of SCP percentage. Based on results of similar nutrients intake, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal parameters it is concluded that SCP could be used in the concentrate diet of ruminant up to 12%. Furthermore, the SCP has the potential of an alternative protein source in animal diet formulation.

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Sensitivity of Danio rerio (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) During Two Stages of Development Based on Acute Toxicity Tests

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s00128-014-1367-6 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 442-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. Freiry ◽

J. A. A. Stelzer ◽

L. Maltchik ◽

A. Arenzon

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Danio Rerio ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Stages Of Development ◽

Acute Toxicity Tests ◽

Two Stages

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Contrasted responses to carbohydrate limitation in tomato fruit at two stages of development

Plant Cell & Environment ◽

10.1046/j.1365-3040.2002.00941.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 1639-1649 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

P. BALDET ◽

C. DEVAUX ◽

C. CHEVALIER ◽

R. BROUQUISSE ◽

D. JUST ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tomato Fruit ◽

Stages Of Development ◽

Two Stages

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Coffee hull in the diet of dairy heifers: nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010000500027 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (5) ◽

pp. 1141-1145 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alexandre Lima de Souza ◽

Rasmo Garcia ◽

Luciano da Silva Cabral ◽

Mara Lúcia Albuquerque Pereira ◽

Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Nitrogen Excretion ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Purine Derivative ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Random Block ◽

Random Block Design

It was evaluated nitrogen compounds and microbial protein synthesis in heifers fed diets containing coffee hulls (0.0; 8.75; 17.25; and 26.25% of dry matter) replacing ground corn concentrate at the following levels of coffee hulls in the total diet dry matter: 0.0, 3.5, 7.0 or 10.5%. It was used 24 crossbreed heifers (7/8, 15/16 and 31/32 Holstein-Zebu), which were distributed in a random block design made up accordingly to the weight of the animals. Spot samples of urine were colleted aproximatelly four hours after morning feeding and were used to estimate microbial protein synthesis by using urine purine derivatives. It was not observed effect of coffee hull levels in the diet on total nitrogen intake (160 g/day) and nitrogen excretion in the urine (87.4 g/day). The inclusion of coffee hull in the diet linearly increased nitrogen excretion in feces, as well as nitrogen balance. There was linear reduction in urinary excretion of allantoin, in total purine derivative and absorbed purine, which reduced 0.715, 0.873, and 0.954 mmol/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate, respectively. Coffee hull altered microbial protein synthesis, which reduced in 0.687 g/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate. Reduction in microbial protein synthesis can reduce weight gain in heifers fed coffee hulls.

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