scholarly journals Effect of Yeast-Fermented Citrus Pulp as a Protein Source on Nutrient Intake, Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance and In Situ Digestion Kinetics in Nili Ravi Buffalo Bulls

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1713
Author(s):  
Muhammad Awais ◽  
Muhammad Sharif ◽  
Khurram Ashfaq ◽  
Amjad Islam Aqib ◽  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Citrus Pulp ◽  
Digestion Kinetics

A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of single cell protein (SCP) supplement as a protein source on nutrient intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and in situ digestion kinetics in four Nili Ravi buffalo bulls. Four iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous concentrates containing 3, 6, 9 and 12% of Saccharomyces cerevisiae-fermented citrus pulp were formulated. All animals were fed a ration with a concentrate/forage ratio of 50:50. Diets were provided ad libitum twice a day as a total mixed ration in a 4 × 4 Latin Square Design. Each experimental period lasted 3 weeks while the overall study 12 weeks. The first 2 weeks of each experimental period were used as adaptation period while the third week as collection period. Chemical composition of fermented citrus pulp appeared as an excellent source of protein. No significant difference was observed on dry matter intake, digestibility of nutrients and SCP among all the treatments. Moreover, no significant effect was observed on ruminal pH and ammonia nitrogen at different times. Rate of disappearance and lag time of in situ dry matter digestion kinetics remained nonsignificant regardless of SCP percentage. Based on results of similar nutrients intake, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal parameters it is concluded that SCP could be used in the concentrate diet of ruminant up to 12%. Furthermore, the SCP has the potential of an alternative protein source in animal diet formulation.

scholarly journals Tropical kudzu as a protein source in sheep diets

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Camila Carvalho da Paz ◽  
Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo ◽  
Cristian Faturi ◽  
Luiz Fernando De Souza Rodrigues ◽  
José Adérito Rodrigues Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Formulated Diets ◽  
Inclusion Level

Protein nutrition plays a key role in ruminant performance and represents the largest proportion of costs in animal feed. The present study evaluated whether the roughage portion of Santa Inês sheep diets could be supplemented with different ratios of tropical kudzu as a protein source and assessed the best inclusion level of tropical kudzu based on digestibility, intake, nitrogen balance and feeding behavior. Twenty rams were evaluated during the 20-day experimental period, and they were fed formulated diets with a roughage portion (60%) consisting of Elephant grass and tropical kudzu, the latter supplemented at different concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 75% on a dry matter basis). Forty percent of the concentrate portion consisted primarily of ground corn and soybean meal adjusted to obtain an isoproteic diet. Chemical and bromatological analyses, as well as, analyses to assess intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and feeding behavior, were conducted. No statistically significant differences were found (P>0.05) for the intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), hemicellulose (HEMI), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) or for the feeding behavior (feeding, rumination and idle times in h/day) and nitrogen balance between the diets studied. Thus, tropical kudzu can be considered a feed alternative to supplementation with prime protein foods (in this case, soybean meal) in sheep diets.

scholarly journals Grass and Legume Hays for Sheep: Intake, in vivo Digestibility, and in situ Degradability

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Iana Mara Medeiros Otoni ◽  
Janaina Lima Da Silva ◽  
Karina Guimaraes Ribeiro ◽  
Odilon Gomes Pereira ◽  
Thiago Carvalho Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Bermuda Grass ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Male Sheep

The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrient intake, in vivo digestibility, and in situ degradability of different cultivars of hay (i.e., [Jiggs] and [Tifton-85] bermuda grass (Cynodon spp.) and [alfalfa] (Medicago sativa) and [stylo] Campo Grande (Stylosanthes sp.)) and nitrogen balance in sheep. We used eight rumen-cannulated F1 Santa Ines × Dorper castrated male sheep with body weights of 35.0 kg in a double 4 × 4 Latin Square experimental design. The intake and total apparent digestibility of nutrients were higher (P<0.05) for alfalfa than for stylo hay. The in vivo dry matter (DM) digestibility of Jiggs (47.6%), Tifton-85 (53.4%), stylo (29.3%), and alfalfa (53.2%) hays and in situ DM degradability were equivalent in the range of 7.6 to 63.2 h of degradation. The in vivo neutral detergent fiber (NDFap) digestibility of Jiggs (53.7%), Tifton-85 (64.4%), stylo (42.2%), alfalfa (56.2%), and in situ NDFap degradability were equivalent from 37.3 h. Nitrogen balance was negative only in animals fed stylo hay. Alfalfa hay provides a higher nutrient intake than other hays. The alfalfa and bermuda grass hays used in sheep diets presented better digestibility than stylo hay. The results are suitable to predict in vivo digestibility from in situ degradability parameters.

scholarly journals Yellow grease in sheep diets: intake and digestibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-692
Author(s):  
A.C. Rêgo ◽  
C.S.B. Oliveira ◽  
L.E.F. Afonso ◽  
J.C. Azevedo ◽  
O.R. Machado Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Yellow Grease ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effects of yellow grease supplementation on the intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance in sheep. Twenty Santa Inês lambs with a mean age of 95 ± 10 d and body weight of 19.29 ± 3.17kg were evaluated in a completely randomized design. The diets were supplemented with oil at concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 gkg-1 of dry matter (DM) of the concentrate. The diets were based on roughage and concentrate (50:50). The experimental period lasted 19 d and included 14 adaptation days and five collection days for the total supplied diet, orts, feces, and urine. Supplementation with yellow grease had no significant effect on the intake of DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), or non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC). However, the ether extract (EE) intake increased linearly with supplementation of yellow grease. Moreover, no effect was observed for DM, CP, NDF, and NFC digestibility and nitrogen balance. EE digestibility increased linearly with the yellow grease dietary supplementation. Thus, sheep dietary supplementation with yellow grease may be used at a level of up to 80 gkg-1 of DM of concentrate without impairing nutrient intake and digestibility.

scholarly journals Effect of thyme essential oil on rumen parameters, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen balance in wethers fed high concentrate diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D.B. Ribeiro ◽  
M.V.C. Ferraz Junior ◽  
D.M. Polizel ◽  
A.A. Miszura ◽  
J.P.R. Barroso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Feedlot Lambs

ABSTRACT This trial aimed to evaluate the effects of thyme essential oils (EO) on rumen parameters, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in wethers fed with high-concentrate diet. Twenty rumen-cannulated wethers were blocked according to body weight (BW= 64.0±2.1kg), and received one of the following treatments: 25mg of monensin/kg of dry matter (DM; MON) or doses of thyme EO (1.25, 2.50 or 3.75g/kg of DM). The diet was composed of 90% concentrate. Thyme EO was composed mainly by thymol (46.6% of DM) and p-cymene (38.9% of DM). The nutrient intake and apparent digestibility were similar among treatments. The inclusion of 3.75g of thyme EO tended (P= 0.07) to increase butyrate compared to MON and 1.25OE and wethers fed with 1.25g of thyme EO tended (P= 0.07) to decrease ruminal pH on the 14th day compared to MON. The treatments did not affect acetate:propionate ratio, total short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and nitrogen retention. Results from this study suggest that adding thyme EO to high-concentrate diets may be used as an alternative to monensin as feed additive in feedlot lambs.

Effects of Dietary Energy Level and Supplemental Protein Source on Performance of Growing Steers and Nutrient Digestibility and Nitrogen Balance in Lambs

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Merchen ◽  
D. E. Darden ◽  
L. L. Berger ◽  
G. C. Fahey ◽  
E. C. Titgemeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Supplemental Protein

scholarly journals Nutrient Intake and digestibility of Rabbit does fed varying levels of concentrate and lablab during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-287
Author(s):  
G. T. Iyeghe-Erakpotobor ◽  
A. A. Sekoni ◽  
L. O. Esievo
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Growth Requirement

Nulliparous crossbred does were used to study the effects of concentrate:lablab ratio (CL) and stage of pregnancy on nutrient intake and digestibility. Treatments consisted of four concentrate and lablab combinations on a gram:gram basis: 20:130, 40: 110, 80:70 and 100:50 and two stages of pregnancy: second and fourth week of pregnancy Concentrate intake increased as level increased up to 80g/day offered while lablab intake increased from 50 to 130g/day offered. Doe weight and metabolic size were similar for all treatments. Total feed intake was not affected by concentrate and lablab levels. Dry matter intake was lower for 100:50 CL than other treatments. Ether extract and crude fibre intakes decreased with increase in concentrate levels. Dry matter and nitrogen free extract digestibility were higher for 80:70 CL than other combinations. Crude fibre digestibility was higher for 80:70 than 40:110 and 100:50 CL Crude protein retention was higher for 80:70 than 20:130 and 100:50 CL. Fetal growth requirement, total protein requirement and balance of protein were high at 80:70 and 100:50 CL. During pregnancy, dry matter and all nutrients intake were higher in the second than fourth week. Ether extract, crude protein and nitrogen free extract digestibilities were lower in the second than fourth week of pregnancy. Fetal growth requirement and balance of protein were higher in the second than fourth week of pregnancy relationship between feed intake (g DM/day) and nutrient digestibility was negative. The relationship between feed intake (g DM/kg body weight/day) and feed intake (g DM/kg LW0.75/day) was however, positive for all the nutrients except crude protein. For the small scale rabbit producer in developing countries, it is feasible to maintain rabbits on combinations of concentrate and lablab during pregnancy

scholarly journals Intake and digestibility of nutrients during the grazing period in sheep on deferred marandu pastures with four initial heights

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 4133-4146
Author(s):  
Jhonatan Gonçalves Silva ◽  
◽  
Letícia Marques da Fonseca ◽  
Laura Andrade Reis ◽  
Dallety Haloma Alves Miler de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Winter Grazing ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Simulated Grazing ◽  
The Times

The objective of this study was to verify the effect of reducing in pasture height at the beginning of the deferment period (PHBD) of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu on nutrient intake and digestibility in sheep during winter. The combinations between average sward heights (15, 25, 35 and 45 cm) at the beginning of the deferment period and the times of sward use during the winter were evaluated; intake and digestibility evaluations were carried out at the beginning, middle and end of the grazing period, which lasted 90 days. The experimental design used was completely randomized, with three replications. The parameters evaluated were: intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and potentially digestible dry matter (pDDM). The pDDM contents were similar in pastures kept with 15 and 25 cm, but higher than those observed in pastures with 35 and 45 cm at the beginning of the deferment period. The NDF contents were lower and the CP and NDF digestibility were higher in 15 and 25 cm deferred pastures than in 35 cm at the beginning of deferment period, except for pastures lowered to 45cm. The improvement in nutritional value of the forage apparently ingested by sheep, promoted by ISP reduction, did not result in a variation in pasture consumption by the animals. DMI, expressed as percentage of body weight (%BW), ranged from 1.10 to 1.63. At the beginning of the grazing period, higher values of pDDM, CP and DM digestibility (DMD) were verified in simulated grazing samples. The same response pattern observed for nutritional value traits also occurred for DMI (g.day-1 and %BW) and CP intake. These were higher at the beginning, than at the middle and end of the grazing period. The use of lower sward heights at the beginning of the deferment period allowed the production of pasture with better nutritional quality, but these changes in the nutritional value of the pasture were insufficient to result in higher nutrient intake and digestibility. Furthermore, there was a reduction in nutritional value of the forage apparently consumed by sheep, in the intake and digestibility of deferred pastures throughout the grazing period, in winter. The lower pastures at the beginning of the deferment period (15 cm) improves the nutritional value of forage and nutrient digestibility at the beginning of the winter grazing period. The nutritional value and intake of deferred forage by sheep are compromised by the grazing period.

scholarly journals Effect of supplementing wheat offal with varied graded levels of sugarcane scrapping on utilisation of sorghum panicle fed Red Sokoto buck Keyw

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
H. Y. Adamu ◽  
A. M. Bolakale ◽  
S. B. Abdu ◽  
M. R. Hassan ◽  
M. Kabir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Four Red Sokoto bucks of averageweight 17. 40±2kg were fed sugarcane scrappingmeal in a complete diet to evaluate the nutrients intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance. In a 4×4 Latin Square Design four dietary treatments containing sugarcane scrapping at 0, 10, 20, and 30% levels of inclusion supplementing wheat offal in a complete diet were used The proximate composition of the sugarcane scrapping showed that the scrapping had, 10.01, 2.98%and 3114 Kcal/Kg of CF, CP andME respectively. The results of the trial showed that significant high dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility of some and the nitrogen balance values were recorded in the bucks fed 30%. It was concluded that DM intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen utilization of bucks can be enhanced by including 30% of sugar cane scrapping in their diets.

scholarly journals Insect Larvae Meal (Hermetia illucens) as a Sustainable Protein Source of Canine Food and Its Impacts on Nutrient Digestibility and Fecal Quality

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2525
Author(s):  
Amr Abd El-Wahab ◽  
Laura Meyer ◽  
Mareike Kölln ◽  
Bussarakam Chuppava ◽  
Volker Wilke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae

Insect larvae meal has been proposed as a sustainable protein source for animal diets. This study aimed to provide information on including black soldier fly larvae meal (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) in comparison to poultry meal (PM) in the canine diet with regard to digestibility and fecal characteristics. In light of this trend, the levels of PM or BSFL meal were added to replace about 30% of dry matter of the basic extruded diet. Six Beagle dogs (BW 9.64 kg) were included in a cross-over experiment. Dogs fed a BSFL meal-based diet showed higher (p < 0.05) apparent protein digestibility (82.3%) compared to those offered a PM-based diet (80.5%). Apparent digestibility for fat was higher (p < 0.05) in groups fed the BSFL meal-based diet (94.5%) compared to those offered the PM-based diet (91.6%). The fecal consistency scores for dogs fed both diets were within an acceptable range (well-formed and firm). Fecal dry matter content was higher (p < 0.05) for dogs fed the PM-based diet (33.0%) compared to those offered the BSFL meal-based diet (28.0%). Including BSFL meal in dog food can be an appropriate source of protein without any negative effects on nutrient digestibility and fecal quality.

Effect of probiotic containing Lactobacillus plantarum on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal microbiota in weaning pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
Y. Yang ◽  
J.H. Park ◽  
I.H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Daily Gain

A total of 150 weaning pigs (7.53 ± 1.23 kg) were randomly assigned to three treatments consisting of basal diet, and the basal diet supplemented with 300 and 600 mg kg−1 of probiotics, respectively, in a 42 d trial. The incremental levels of probiotics linearly increased average daily gain during week 1 and through the overall experimental period (P < 0.05). The average daily feed intake, body weight, and the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy also increased (P < 0.05) with the increased level of probiotics. A significant reduction in Escherichia coli counts (P = 0.0037) and increase (P = 0.0016) in Lactobacillus counts were observed on day 42.

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