Coffee hull in the diet of dairy heifers: nitrogen balance and microbial protein synthesis

It was evaluated nitrogen compounds and microbial protein synthesis in heifers fed diets containing coffee hulls (0.0; 8.75; 17.25; and 26.25% of dry matter) replacing ground corn concentrate at the following levels of coffee hulls in the total diet dry matter: 0.0, 3.5, 7.0 or 10.5%. It was used 24 crossbreed heifers (7/8, 15/16 and 31/32 Holstein-Zebu), which were distributed in a random block design made up accordingly to the weight of the animals. Spot samples of urine were colleted aproximatelly four hours after morning feeding and were used to estimate microbial protein synthesis by using urine purine derivatives. It was not observed effect of coffee hull levels in the diet on total nitrogen intake (160 g/day) and nitrogen excretion in the urine (87.4 g/day). The inclusion of coffee hull in the diet linearly increased nitrogen excretion in feces, as well as nitrogen balance. There was linear reduction in urinary excretion of allantoin, in total purine derivative and absorbed purine, which reduced 0.715, 0.873, and 0.954 mmol/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate, respectively. Coffee hull altered microbial protein synthesis, which reduced in 0.687 g/day to each coffee hull unity added to the concentrate. Reduction in microbial protein synthesis can reduce weight gain in heifers fed coffee hulls.

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Effect of urea coating by chitosan on the dynamics of ammonia concentration and rumen fermentation in vitro

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012004 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 951 (1) ◽

pp. 012004

Author(s):

S Nayohan ◽

K G Wiryawan ◽

A Jayanegara

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effect of coating urea by chitosan at graded levels on ammonia concentration and rumen fermentation in vitro. This study used Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) to test ammonia parameter and Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) for pH, microbial protein synthesis, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, and Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA). The treatments tested were: P0 = addition non coating urea 1%; P1 = coating urea by chitosan 1%; P2 = coating urea by chitosan 2%; P3 = coating urea by chitosan 3%. The data obtained were analysed by using ANOVA and continued with Tukey HSD test with SPSS version 25. The results of this study showed that the coating of urea chitosan had no significant effect on pH, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, and amonia concentration in the rumen. However, it significantly reduced (P <0.05) total VFA concentration. It can be concluded that the application of urea coating by chitosan does not affect on the degradation of urea in the rumen.

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Effect of Grape Pomace Powder, Mangosteen Peel Powder and Monensin on Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, Nitrogen Balance and Microbial Protein Synthesis in Dairy Steers

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.5713/ajas.15.0689 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

pp. 1416-1423 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S. Foiklang ◽

M. Wanapat ◽

T. Norrapoke

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Grape Pomace ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Mangosteen Peel

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PSXI-15 Effects of post-pyrolysis treated biochars on nutrient disappearance, methane production and ruminal fermentation of a silage-based diet in an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC)

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.695 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 395-395

Author(s):

Paul Tamayao ◽

Gabriel O Ribeiro ◽

Tim A McAllister ◽

Hee-Eun Yang ◽

A M Saleem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Block Design ◽

Gas Production ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Acid Mixture ◽

Vitamin Supplement ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Barley Silage

Abstract This study investigated the effects of post-pyrolysis treated biochar on nutrient disappearance, total gas and methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis in an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC) fed a barley silage-based diet. The basal diet consisted of 60% barley silage, 27% barley grain, 10% canola meal and 3% mineral/vitamin supplement (DM basis). Three spruced-based biochars, treated post-pyrolysis with either zinc chloride, hydrochloric acid/nitric acid mixture or sulfuric acid were added at 2.0% of substrate DM. In a randomized complete block design, treatments were assigned to sixteen vessels (n = 4/treatment) in two RUSITEC systems. The experiment was conducted over 15 d, with 8 d of adaptation and 7 d of sampling. Nutrient disappearance of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was determined after 48 h of incubation from d 9 to 12, and microbial protein synthesis was measured from d 13–15. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED in SAS, with the fixed effect of treatment and random effect of RUSITEC system and vessel. Biochar inclusion did not affect disappearance of DM (P = 0.49), OM (P = 0.60), CP (P = 0.14), NDF (P = 0.48), ADF (P = 0.11) or starch (P = 0.58). Biochar also had no effect on total gas production (P = 0.31) or CH4 produced expressed as a % of total gas production (P = 0.06), mg/d (P = 0.70), mg/g of DM incubated (P = 0.74), or mg/g of DM digested (P = 0.64). No effect on total VFA (P = 0.56) or NH3-N (P = 0.20) production were observed. Neither microbial protein synthesis nor total protozoa count were affected by biochar addition (P > 0.05). In conclusion, biochar inclusion in a silage-based diet did not exhibit the potential to mitigate CH4 emissions or improve digestion in a RUSITEC system.

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Effect of pine-based biochars with differing physiochemical properties on methane production, ruminal fermentation, and rumen microbiota in an artificial rumen (RUSITEC) fed barley silage

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1139/cjas-2020-0129 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Paul Tamayao ◽

Gabriel O. Ribeiro ◽

Tim A. McAllister ◽

Kim H. Ominski ◽

Atef M. Saleem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Block Design ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Rumen Microbiota ◽

Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Barley Silage

This study investigated the effects of three pine-based biochar products on nutrient disappearance, total gas and methane (CH4) production, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and rumen microbiota in a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) fed a barley-silage-based total mixed ration (TMR). Treatments consisted of 10 g TMR supplemented with no biochar (control) and three different biochars (CP016, CP024, and CP028) included at 20 g·kg−1 DM. Treatments were assigned to 16 fermenters (n = 4 per treatment) in two RUSITEC units in a randomized block design for a 17 d experimental period. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS, with treatment and day of sampling as fixed effects and RUSITEC unit and fermenters as random effects. Biochar did not affect nutrient disappearance (P > 0.05), nor total gas or CH4, irrespective of unit of expression. The volatile fatty acid, NH3-N, total protozoa, and microbial protein synthesis were not affected by biochar inclusion (P > 0.05). Alpha and beta diversity and rumen microbiota families were not affected by biochar inclusion (P > 0.05). In conclusion, biochar did not reduce CH4 emissions nor affect nutrient disappearance, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, or rumen microbiota in the RUSITEC.

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Characterization of the effects of macronutrient deficiencies in mangabeira seedlings

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/s0100-29452012000400033 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 1235-1244 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Layara Alexandre Bessa ◽

Fabiano Guimarães Silva ◽

Marialva Alvarenga Moreira ◽

João Paulo Ribeiro Teodoro ◽

Frederico Antônio Loureiro Soares

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Block Design ◽

Morphological Alterations ◽

Federal Institute ◽

Random Block ◽

Random Block Design ◽

The Individual ◽

Hancornia Speciosa

Knowledge of the mineral nutrition requirements of mangabeira (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is relatively scarce and rudimentary because there is a lack of consistent data concerning its nutritional demands at different developmental stages. The aim of this research was to characterize the visual symptoms of macronutrient deficiencies and to evaluate the effects of these deficiencies on the growth, the production of dry matter, and the leaf content of mangabeira. To achieve this goal, a greenhouse experiment was conducted at the Goiano Federal Institute (Instituto Federal Goiano) in Rio Verde - GO, from January to June 2011 in which mangabeira plants were arranged in a random block design and grown in nutrient solutions. This experiment was replicated four times. The plants were treated with either a complete nutrient solution or a nutrient solution from which the individual macronutrient of interest (nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), or sulfur (S) had been omitted. The omission of a macronutrient from the nutrient solution resulted in morphological alterations that were characteristic symptoms of the particular nutritional deficiency and caused decreases in growth and dry matter mass production. The accumulation of macronutrients displayed the following order in mangabeira leaves: N>K>Ca>P>S>Mg.

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Estimates of genetic gains for growth traits in young plants of Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake

CERNE ◽

10.1590/s0104-77602011000200005 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 189-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thais Galhardo Godoy ◽

Sebastião Carlos da Silva Rosado

Keyword(s):

Quality Index ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Genetic Gains ◽

Random Block ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Random Block Design ◽

Root Collar ◽

Dickson Quality Index

The objective of this study was the selection of superior genotypes for growth traits, correlating them to initial height growth in the field, at age eight months. A random block design was used in the nursery, with eight clones, three replicates and four plants per plot. And a random block design was also used in the field, with eight clones, four replicate blocks and nine plants per plot. Data being analyzed in the nursery at age 120 days included: height of field seedling, at age eight months (Hc), height of nursery seedling (Hm), root collar diameter (Dc), shoot diameter (Db), shoot dry matter (PMSPA), root dry matter (PMSR), total dry matter (PMST), ratio of shoot dry matter to root dry matter (PMSPA/PMSR), Dickson quality index of root collar diameter (IQD-Dc), Dickson quality index of shoot diameter (IQD-Db). Analyses of variance showed that significant genetic differences exist among clones for all traits and, given the high heritability values found, the estimated genetic gains were generically very high. As for predicted indirect genetic gain, selection in nursery seedlings for Dc, PMSPA/PMSR, IQD-Dc provided the highest values of indirect gain in field seedling height.

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The influence of supplementing rapidly degraded fibre with different forms of nitrogen on microbial protein synthesis in sheep

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200597440 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 92-92

Author(s):

S. Chikunya ◽

E. L. Miller

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Purine Derivative ◽

Protein Requirements ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Current Systems

There is controversy in the literature concerning the effect of amino acid (AA) and peptide nitrogen on microbial activity in ruminants fed diets high in structural carbohydrates. Microbial protein is the most variable and uncertain element of current systems of evaluating protein requirements for ruminants (ARC, 1984). Some of the variability is attributed to the multiplicity of techniques for estimating microbial yield, some of which are both imprecise and cumbersome. This study investigates the effects of different forms of nitrogen on microbial activity in sheep fed a rapidly degraded fibrous basal diet and attempts to validate the recently developed purine derivative (PD) technique by comparing it to other procedures used to estimate microbial protein synthesis under the same conditions.

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The effects of rumen nitrogen balance on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis vary with dietary carbohydrate and nitrogen sources

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.05.005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 241 ◽

pp. 184-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

D. Kand ◽

I. Bagus Raharjo ◽

J. Castro-Montoya ◽

U. Dickhoefer

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Nitrogen Sources ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Dietary Carbohydrate ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽

Rumen Nitrogen ◽

In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

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Mesquite Extract as Phytogenic Additive to Improve the Nutrition of Sheep

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n7p164 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 164 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Renato Tonhá Alves Júnior ◽

Evaristo Jorge Oliveira de Souza ◽

Airon Aparecido Silva de Melo ◽

Dulciene Karla De Andrade Silva ◽

Thaysa Rodrigues Torres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Rumen Content ◽

Ciliated Protozoa ◽

Microbial Protein ◽

Microbial Protein Synthesis

Four concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg extract per ml of water) of mesquite extract were used as phytogenic additive to verify the potential to increase the nutritional value of the feed, ruminal parameters (primarily propionate production) and nitrogen use efficiency, microbial protein synthesis and quantify the reduction of ciliated protozoa and characterize the ingestive behavior of sheep. Ten adult male sheep were subjected to a 5 × 5 double Latin square design. Prior to feeding, the animals received the mesquite extract. Nutrient intake was estimated from the difference of the amount of feed provided and the total surplus. Rumen content samples were collected to evaluate the profile of short-chain fatty acids, ammonia nitrogen, pH, ciliated protozoa, turnover rate and disappearance rate. To estimate the microbial protein synthesis, the technique of purine derivatives was used. The mesquite extract quadratically increased (P < 0.05) the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients, as well as increased propionate production, acetate:propionate ratio and microbial protein synthesis. The numbers of ciliate protozoa in the rumen decreased as a result of mesquite extract inclusion in the diet. The use of mesquite pod extract at a concentration of 488 mg/mL is recommended to improve digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients, and to optimize microbial protein synthesis and increase propionic acid production.

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