Prevention and Intervention Programs Targeting Sexual Abuse in Individuals with Mild Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review

AbstractBackground:Little is known about the association between trauma and intellectual disability in SMI patients.Aim:To establish the prevalence of trauma and its association with intellectual functioning in SMI outpatients.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in two mental health trusts in the Netherlands. We used the Trauma Screening Questionnaire (TSQ) to screen for trauma and PTSD, and the Screener for Intelligence and Learning disabilities (SCIL) for suspected MID/BIF. Chi-square and t-tests were used to test differences in outcome over patient characteristics. Post-hoc analysis was used to investigate gender differences between patients with and without MID/BIF on trauma and sexual trauma.Results:Any trauma was found in 86% of 570 patients and 42% were suspected for PTSD. The SCIL suggested that 40% had Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF), half of whom were suspected of having Mild Intellectual Disability (MID). These patients had more traumatic experiences (1.89 in BIF, 1.75 in MID, against 1.41 in SCIL-negative patients). Female MID/BIF patients (61%) had experienced significantly more sexual abuse than male MID/BIF patients (23%).Conclusions:Significantly more SMI outpatients who screened positive for MID/BIF reported having experienced traumatic events than those who screened negative. Rates of all trauma categories were significantly higher in the screen-positive group, who were also more likely to have PTSD. Sexual abuse occurred more in all females but the SCIL positive women are even more often victim. Clinical practice has to pay more attention to all of these issues, especially when they occur together in a single patient.

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Dropout Prevention and Intervention Programs for Improving School Completion Among School-Aged Children and Youth: A Systematic Review

Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research ◽

10.5243/jsswr.2013.22 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 357-372 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Sandra Jo Wilson ◽

Emily E. Tanner-Smith

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Dropout Prevention ◽

Intervention Programs ◽

Children And Youth ◽

Prevention And Intervention ◽

School Completion ◽

School Aged Children

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The Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse in Out-of-home Care: Increased Risk for Children with a Mild Intellectual Disability

Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities ◽

10.1111/jar.12160 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 83-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Saskia Euser ◽

Lenneke R.A. Alink ◽

Anne Tharner ◽

Marinus H. van IJzendoorn ◽

Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Child Sexual Abuse ◽

Home Care ◽

Mild Intellectual Disability ◽

Out Of Home Care ◽

Increased Risk

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Prescription and Effects of Strength Training in Individuals with Intellectual Disability—A Systematic Review

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports9090125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

Miguel Jacinto ◽

Rafael Oliveira ◽

João P. Brito ◽

Alexandre D. Martins ◽

Rui Matos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Strength Training ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Intervention Programs ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Muscle Groups ◽

Present Systematic Review

The practice of physical exercise (PE), especially strength training (ST), has health benefits in the healthy population; however, the literature is scarce in the recommendations related to the population with intellectual disability (ID). This study represents the first analysis on the topic and aims to examine the structure and efficacy of ST experimental intervention programs in individuals with ID. This systematic review was carried out between January and April 2021, using the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases, according to the PRISMA guidelines. From a total of 166 studies, eight were included in the present systematic review. The studies included a total of 280 individuals (18.23 ± 2.86 years old). The main features of the exercise programs are: 12 weeks average duration, three weekly sessions of 45–60 min, six to seven exercises targeting the main muscle groups, two to three sets, 6–12 repetitions, and avoiding free weights for safety reasons. The main results showed increments in strength, balance and fat-free mass and decrements in fat mass and waist circumference. It is a useful guideline for PE technicians to prescribe and adjust correctly in order to not only promote physical fitness, but improve the quality of life of individuals with ID.

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A systematic review of gene-by-intervention studies of alcohol and other substance use

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579420000590 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Zoe E. Neale ◽

Sally I-Chun Kuo ◽

Danielle M. Dick

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Substance Use ◽

Outcome Measurement ◽

Genetic Research ◽

Intervention Programs ◽

Prevention Science ◽

Prevention And Intervention ◽

Differential Effectiveness ◽

Ethical Implications ◽

Polygenic Scores

Abstract Alcohol and other substance use problems are common, and the efficacy of current prevention and intervention programs is limited. Genetics may contribute to differential effectiveness of psychosocial prevention and intervention programs. This paper reviews gene-by-intervention (G×I) studies of alcohol and other substance use, and implications for integrating genetics into prevention science. Systematic review yielded 17 studies for inclusion. Most studies focused on youth substance prevention, alcohol was the most common outcome, and measures of genotype were heterogeneous. All studies reported at least one significant G×I interaction. We discuss these findings in the context of the history and current state of genetics, and provide recommendations for future G×I research. These include the integration of genome-wide polygenic scores into prevention studies, broad outcome measurement, recruitment of underrepresented populations, testing mediators of G×I effects, and addressing ethical implications. Integrating genetic research into prevention science, and training researchers to work fluidly across these fields, will enhance our ability to determine the best intervention for each individual across development. With growing public interest in obtaining personalized genetic information, we anticipate that the integration of genetics and prevention science will become increasingly important as we move into the era of precision medicine.

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Prevalence of Sexual Abuse in Adults with Intellectual Disability: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041980 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1980

Author(s):

Raluca Tomsa ◽

Smaranda Gutu ◽

Daniel Cojocaru ◽

Belén Gutiérrez-Bermejo ◽

Noelia Flores ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Sexual Abuse ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Manual Search ◽

Quantitative Synthesis ◽

The Usa ◽

Disability Prevalence ◽

The Individual ◽

Ebsco Host

This study presents the results of a systematic review on the prevalence of sexual abuse experienced in adulthood by individuals with intellectual disability. An electronic and manual search of academic journals was performed on four databases via EBSCO Host: Academic Search Complete, PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL Full-Text. In addition, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science (core collection) were searched. After an initial selection of 1037 documents, 25 articles remained for quantitative synthesis. The combined prevalence of sexual abuse in adults with intellectual disability was 32.9% (95% CI: 22.7–43.0) and sensitivity analysis revealed that the prevalence was not outweighed by a single study. Overall, the United Kingdom had the highest prevalence (r = 34.1%), and the USA had the lowest (r = 15.2%). The overall prevalence in females was lower (r = 31.8%) than that in males (r = 39.9%). Subgroup analyses revealed that prevalence of sexual abuse was higher in institutionalized individuals. The most prevalent profile of abuser is of a peer with intellectual disability. Prevalence increases from mild to severe levels of intellectual disability and decreases in profound levels. It is also more prevalent when the informant is the individual with intellectual disability than when someone else reports abuse. In sum, one in three adults with intellectual disability suffers sexual abuse in adulthood. Special attention should be paid for early detection and intervention in high risk situations.

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