Propionate catabolism by CD-associated adherent-invasive E. coli counteracts its anti-inflammatory effect

Buthus martensii Karsch (BmK), is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used for a long history for the treatment of many diseases, such as inflammation, pain and cancer. In this study, DKK-SP1/2/3 genes were screened and extracted from the cDNA library of BmK. The DKK-SP1/2/3 were expressed by using plasmid pSYPU-1b in E. coli BL21, and recombinant proteins were obtained by column chromatography. In the xylene-induced mouse ear swelling and carrageenan-induced rat paw swelling model, DKK-SP1 exerted a significant anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the expression of Nav1.8 channel. Meanwhile, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (COX-2, IL-6) was decreased significantly and the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) were elevated significantly. Moreover, DKK-SP1 could significantly decrease the Nav1.8 current in acutely isolated rat DRG neurons. In the acetic acid-writhing and ION-CCI model, DKK-SP2 displayed significant analgesic activity by inhibiting the expression of the Nav1.8 channel. Moreover, DKK-SP2 could significantly inhibit the Nav1.7 current in the hNav1.7-CHO cells.

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The Polyphosphate Kinase of Escherichia coli Is Required for Full Production of the Genotoxin Colibactin

mSphere ◽

10.1128/msphere.01195-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Min Tang-Fichaux ◽

Camille V. Chagneau ◽

Nadège Bossuet-Greif ◽

Jean-Philippe Nougayrède ◽

Éric Oswald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Promoter Activity ◽

Eukaryotic Cells ◽

Polyphosphate Kinase ◽

Content Type ◽

E Coli ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

ABSTRACT Colibactin induces DNA damage in mammalian cells and has been linked to the virulence of Escherichia coli and the promotion of colorectal cancer (CRC). By looking for mutants attenuated in the promoter activity of clbB encoding one of the key enzymes for the production of colibactin, we found that a mutant of the gene coding for the polyphosphate kinase (PPK) produced less colibactin than the parental strain. We observed this phenotype in different strains ranging from pathogens responsible for meningitis, urinary tract infection, or mouse colon carcinogenesis to the probiotic Nissle 1917. We confirmed the role of PPK by using an inhibitor of PPK enzymatic activity, mesalamine (also known as 5-aminosalicylic acid). Interestingly, mesalamine has a local anti-inflammatory effect on the epithelial cells of the colon and is used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Upon treatment with mesalamine, a decreased genotoxicity of colibactin-producing E. coli was observed both on epithelial cells and directly on purified DNA. This demonstrates the direct effect of mesalamine on bacteria independently from its anti-inflammatory effect on eukaryotic cells. Our results suggest that the mechanisms of action of mesalamine in treating IBD and preventing CRC could also lie in the inhibition of colibactin production. All in all, we demonstrate that PPK is required for the promoter activity of clbB and the production of colibactin, which suggests that PPK is a promising target for the development of anticolibactin and antivirulence strategies. IMPORTANCE Colibactin-producing E. coli induces DNA damage in eukaryotic cells and promotes tumor formation in mouse models of intestinal inflammation. Recent studies have provided strong evidence supporting the causative role of colibactin in human colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Therefore, it is important to understand the regulation of the production of this genotoxin. Here, we demonstrate that polyphosphate kinase (PPK) is required for the promoter activity of clbB and the production of colibactin. Interestingly, PPK is a multifunctional player in bacterial virulence and stress responses and has been proposed as a new target for developing antimicrobial medicine. We observed inhibition of colibactin production by using a previously identified PPK inhibitor (i.e., mesalamine, an anti-inflammatory drug commonly prescribed for inflammatory bowel diseases). These data brought us a new perspective on the regulatory network of colibactin production and provided us a clue for the development of anticolibactin strategies for CRC treatment/prophylaxis.

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STUDY OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF CONCENTRATED JUICE AND GRANULES FROM VACCINIUM OXYCOCCOS FRUITS ON THE MODEL OF BACTERIAL CYSTITIS IN RATS

EUREKA Health Sciences ◽

10.21303/2504-5679.2020.001505 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 88-94

Author(s):

Kateryna Yatsyuk ◽

Mariana Fedorovska ◽

Olga Antymis

Keyword(s):

Blood Vessels ◽

Bladder Wall ◽

Coli Strain ◽

Transitional Epithelium ◽

Reference Drug ◽

E Coli ◽

Histological Picture ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Inflammatory Effect

The fruits of marsh cranberries due to the content of phenolic compounds, in particular proanthocyanidins, are effective in the prevention and treatment of cystitis [1]. The aim of the research was to study the anti-inflammatory properties of condensed juice of Vaccinium oxycoccos fruits and granules “Cranberry” in a model of acute bacterial cystitis in rats. Materials and methods. The anti-inflammatory properties of condensed juice from Vaccinium oxycoccos fruits and granules “Cranberry” were studied in a model of acute bacterial cystitis in rats, which was caused by three daily transurethral injection into the bladder of 0.3 ml of E. coli strain at a concentration of 106 CFU/ml. “Canefron® H” was used as a reference drug. Tissues were studied histologically by assessing the structure of the bladder wall and the condition of blood vessels. Results. Infection of animals with E. coli resulted in a significant increase in the desquamation of the transitional epithelium, edematous changes and narrowing of blood vessels in the tissues of the bladder wall. During treatment with the drug “Canefron® N” there was a decrease in cell infiltration and desquamation of cells, dilation of blood vessels. When animals used condensed juice from Vaccinium oxycoccos fruits and granules “Cranberry” in the histological picture of the walls of the bladder there was a decrease in desquamation, edema and cellular infiltration, the lumen of blood vessels was approaching normal. Conclusions. The use of condensed juice from Vaccinium oxycoccos fruits and granules “Cranberry” was accompanied by a positive effect on the tissues of the walls and blood vessels of the bladder of rats (there was a decrease in desquamation of the superficial layers of the transitional epithelium and normalization of the histological picture of vascular entanglement, that was not inferior to the comparison drug “Canefron® N”.

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Reduction of paw edema and liver oxidative stress in carrageenan-induced acute inflammation by Lobaria pulmonaria and Parmelia caperata, lichen species, in mice

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000620 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Samira Salem ◽

Essaid Leghouchi ◽

Rachid Soulimani ◽

Jaouad Bouayed

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Acute Inflammation ◽

Lichen Species ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Edema Formation ◽

Lobaria Pulmonaria ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Abstract. Paw edema volume reduction is a useful marker in determining the anti-inflammatory effect of drugs and plant extracts in carrageenan-induced acute inflammation. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of Lobaria pulmonaria (LP) and Parmelia caperata (PC), two lichen species, was examined in carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema test. Compared to the controls in carrageenan-induced inflammation (n = 5/group), our results showed that pretreatment by single oral doses with PC extract (50–500 mg/kg) gives better results than LP extract (50–500 mg/kg) in terms of anti-edematous activity, as after 4 h of carrageenan subplantar injection, paw edema formation was inhibited at 82–99% by PC while at 35–49% by LP. The higher anti-inflammatory effect of PC, at all doses, was also observed on the time-course of carrageenan-induced paw edema, displaying profile closely similar to that obtained with diclofenac (25 mg/kg), an anti-inflammatory drug reference (all p < 0.001). Both LP and PC, at all doses, significantly ameliorated liver catalase (CAT) activity (all p < 0.05). However, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels were found increased in liver of PC- compared to LP-carrageenan-injected mice. Our findings demonstrated on one hand higher preventive effects of PC compared to LP in a mouse carrageenan-induced inflammatory model and suggested, on the other hand, that anti-inflammatory effects elicited by the two lichens were closely associated with the amelioration in the endogenous antioxidant status of liver.

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Anti-inflammatory effect of Curcuma longa (turmeric) rhizome when administered topically in gel form

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0029-1234748 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 75 (09) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

AH Mollik ◽

W Mozammel Haq ◽

S Chandra Bachar ◽

R Jahan ◽

M Rahmatullah

Keyword(s):

Curcuma Longa ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

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Anti-inflammatory effect of Mitragyna speciosa crude methanol extract on the guinea pig ileum

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0029-1234736 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 75 (09) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

WM Shaik Mossadeq ◽

K Syamimi ◽

MP Azyyati ◽

ZA Zakaria ◽

AK Arifah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pig ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Guinea Pig Ileum ◽

Mitragyna Speciosa ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Crude Methanol Extract ◽

Inflammatory Effect

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Anti-inflammatory effect of Uncaria tomentosa in an experimental model of cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0032-1320641 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (11) ◽

Author(s):

IST Figueiredo ◽

FT Benevides ◽

NMS Queiroz ◽

LM Marques ◽

TFG Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Model ◽

Hemorrhagic Cystitis ◽

Uncaria Tomentosa ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

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Therapeutic use of lowmolecular weight heparin for capillaritis alba

Phlebologie ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1622240 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 37 (05) ◽

pp. 259-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

H. Kutzner ◽

G. Hesse

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Compression Therapy ◽

Venous Hypertension ◽

Therapeutic Use ◽

Prospective Randomized Study ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Inflammatory Effect

SummaryThe reason of the so called ulcerated capillaritis alba or idiopathic atrophie blanche is vasculopathy caused by severe venous hypertension. Thrombosed and rarificated vessels worsen the oxygenation, increase permanent inflammation and impede the necessary compression therapy. The anti-inflammatory effects of heparin alleviate pain and being independent from the antithrombotic ones it needs much lower doses for treatment. This anti-inflammatory effect is now becoming more important in clinical phlebology. Case studies of more than 50 patients and one prospective randomized study of 87 patients clearly demonstrate the ameliorated healing of ulcerated atrophie blanche. In our office we could document this positive effect with 22 patients. We present the pathophysiology of low molecular heparins for ulcerated capillaritis alba and our own experiences with it.

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