scholarly journals High risk of mumps infection in children who received one dose of mumps-containing vaccine: waning immunity to mumps in children aged 2-5 years from kindergartens in Jiangsu Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1738-1742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Sun ◽  
Fenyang Tang ◽  
Ying Hu ◽  
Xiuying Deng ◽  
Zhiguo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Waning Immunity ◽  
Mumps Infection

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Toxoplasma gondii Infection Among High-Risk Populations in Jiangsu Province, Eastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanzhen Mao ◽  
Yougui Yang ◽  
Yuying Chen ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Xin Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Hiv Aids

Toxoplasma gondii, an opportunistic protozoan, infects one-third of people worldwide and could lead to serious outcomes in immunodeficient or immunocompromised populations. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for T. gondii infection among high-risk populations in Jiangsu Province, eastern China. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 4 categories of populations in 13 prefectures including HIV/AIDS patients, livestock breeding/processing (B/P) staff, pregnant women, and cancer patients. We detected specific immunoglobulin G and M (IgG and IgM) levels for each participant using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and asked to complete a questionnaire for each participant that covered sociodemographic information as well as the basic knowledge of attitudes toward and the practices for the prevention of toxoplasmosis. A total of 5231 participants distributed across 13 prefecture-level cities was surveyed, including 2455 males and 2776 females. Total seropositivity rate in each population category was as follows: 9.08% (HIV/AIDS patients), 11.65% (livestock B/P staff), 5.50% (pregnant women), and 12.89% (cancer patients). We detected IgM positivity in HIV/AIDS patients (0.47%, 6/1289), livestock B/P staff (0.08%, 1/1330), and cancer patients (0.46%, 6/1303) but not in pregnant women. Further, we detected IgM+IgG positivity only in cancer patients (0.31%, 4/1303). The seropositivity rate for pregnant women was significantly lower, while cancer patients were significantly higher. Higher educational levels were associated with lower seropositivity rates for T. gondii infection. High seropositivity rates were associated with long period of HIV infection among HIV/AIDS patients, frequent contact with livestock among livestock breeding/processing staff and male older patients among cancer patients, respectively. Analysis of practices across all participants showed that frequent contact with pets in everyday life or using the same cutting board for both raw and cooked foods leads to higher seropositivity rates. Therefore, we obtained the seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis among high-risk populations in Jiangsu Province which could provide evidence for the implementation of control measures in the near future.

Should All Children Receive Two Measles Vaccinations?

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis J. Tesoro ◽  
Mark B. Levin ◽  
M. David Atkin ◽  
Norman S. Katz ◽  
John M. Cotton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Vaccine Failure ◽  
Waning Immunity ◽  
Rising Incidence

Because of the rising incidence of rubeola, we tested all our patients who were vaccinated prior to 15 months of age and those vaccinated after 15 months, if requested, for susceptibility to measles (IgG, ELISA). Those found to be susceptible were revaccinated. Of 1,228 tested, 264 (21.5%) were susceptible. In the group vaccinated before 1980, 237 of 901 (26.3%) were susceptible, whereas only 27 of 327 (8.3%) vaccinated after 1980 were not immune. Susceptibility was sharply divided by month of age at vaccination at the 14-month mark. Less than 5% of those vaccinated after age 15 months in the 1980s (one of 22, or 4.5%) were susceptible. Waning immunity (secondary vaccine failure) was not found to be a factor in our patients. Despite outbreaks of measles in surrounding communities and in our area, none of our patients developed measles. Identification of high-risk groups and selective measles revaccination should be considered as an alternative to universal revaccination in populations such as ours, since it is more cost-effective and may prove equally successful.

scholarly journals Implementation of hepatitis B vaccine in high-risk young adults with waning immunity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. e0202637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawarat Posuwan ◽  
Arnond Vorayingyong ◽  
Vorapol Jaroonvanichkul ◽  
Rujipat Wasitthankasem ◽  
Nasamon Wanlapakorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽  
Waning Immunity

scholarly journals Epidemiology of viral hepatitis in men who have sex with men in Mediterranean Europe: a region-wide sero-surveillance in Rome (Italy)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Lanini ◽  
Silvia Meschi ◽  
Laura Scorzolini ◽  
Giovanna Adamo ◽  
Alessandro Agresta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gay Community ◽  
Prevention Campaign ◽  
Young Msm ◽  
Waning Immunity ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Screening And Prevention

Abstract OBJECTIVE To describe epidemiology of viral hepatitis (including HAV, HBV and HCV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) aged between 18 and 45 years and living in Lazio, an Italian Region with about 5.9 million inhabitants whose main city is Rome. METHODS A sero-survey (cross-sectional study) was conducted as part of a screening and prevention campaign for improving control of viral hepatitis in Lazio. The study enrolled 1,100 MSM people participating to the campaign. Outcome measures were serology for HAV (anti-HAV IgG and anti-HAV IgM), serology for HBV (anti-HBs, anti-HBc and HBsAg), and serology for HCV (anti-HCV). Participants’ epidemiological features were assessed for potential association with outcomes. RESULTS We found a very low prevalence of immunity against HAV and a significant exposure to high-risk behaviours, suggesting that gay community of Lazio is an ideal setting for HAV outbreaks. Prevalence of different serology profiles for HBV suggests that waning immunity and escape to mandatory vaccination still represent a significant issue in patients older than 35 years. Moreover, waning immunity suggests that patients who were vaccinated at birth may show low antibody levels. Consistently with other studies, prevalence of HCV infection was very low among young MSM. CONCLUSION Tailored vaccine programme aimed at immunizing MSM are critical to improve control of HAV in our setting. Findings on HBV epidemiology suggest that there is a need to define a clear strategy to recover patients who escaped vaccination and inform clinicians on the need to booster subjects with low immunity and high risk of exposure, such as MSM. Finally, MSM in Lazio do not represent a special group for HCV neither in terms of risk of infection nor in terms of potential issues for therapy access.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of viral hepatitis in men who have sex with men in Mediterranean Europe: a region-wide sero-surveillance in Rome (Italy)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Lanini ◽  
Silvia Meschi ◽  
Laura Scorzolini ◽  
Giovanna Adamo ◽  
Alessandro Agresta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gay Community ◽  
Prevention Campaign ◽  
Young Msm ◽  
Waning Immunity ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Screening And Prevention

Abstract OBJECTIVE To describe epidemiology of viral hepatitis (including HAV, HBV and HCV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) aged between 18 and 45 years and living in Lazio, an Italian Region with about 5.9 million inhabitants whose main city is Rome. METHODS A sero-survey (cross-sectional study) was conducted as part of a screening and prevention campaign for improving control of viral hepatitis in Lazio. The study enrolled 1,100 MSM people participating to the campaign. Outcome measures were serology for HAV (anti-HAV IgG and anti-HAV IgM), serology for HBV (anti-HBs, anti-HBc and HBsAg), and serology for HCV (anti-HCV). Participants’ epidemiological features were assessed for potential association with outcomes. RESULTS We found a very low prevalence of immunity against HAV and a significant exposure to high-risk behaviours, suggesting that gay community of Lazio is an ideal setting for HAV outbreaks. Prevalence of different serology profiles for HBV suggests that waning immunity and escape to mandatory vaccination still represent a significant issue in patients older than 35 years. Moreover, waning immunity suggests that patients who were vaccinated at birth may show low antibody levels. Consistently with other studies, prevalence of HCV infection was very low among young MSM. CONCLUSION Tailored vaccine programme aimed at immunizing MSM are critical to improve control of HAV in our setting. Findings on HBV epidemiology suggest that there is a need to define a clear strategy to recover patients who escaped vaccination and inform clinicians on the need to booster subjects with low immunity and high risk of exposure, such as MSM. Finally, MSM in Lazio do not represent a special group for HCV neither in terms of risk of infection nor in terms of potential issues for therapy access.

A Community Based High Risk Register for Hearing Loss

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Fitch ◽  
Thomas F. Williams ◽  
Josephine E. Etienne
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
System Identification ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Auditory Signal ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Children With Hearing Loss

The critical need to identify children with hearing loss and provide treatment at the earliest possible age has become increasingly apparent in recent years (Northern & Downs, 1978). Reduction of the auditory signal during the critical language-learning period can severely limit the child's potential for developing a complete, effective communication system. Identification and treatment of children having handicapping conditions at an early age has gained impetus through the Handicapped Children's Early Education Program (HCEEP) projects funded by the Bureau of Education for the Handicapped (BEH).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document