Hydroxyapatite and bone particle-doped ceramic water filters for the removal of fluoride and bacteria

Ceramic water filters (CWFs) are utilized in many developing countries as point-of-use (POU) water treatment devices, to reduce waterborne pathogens in potable water. Virus removal efficiencies of several CWFs are investigated under various influent conditions using MS2 (ATCC: 15597-B1) as a surrogate phage for human enteric viruses. The addition of bentonite turbidity (6–8 NTU) in the influent source water showed increased viral removal efficiency of CWFs by 0.1–0.2 log compared to tests involving clear (<1 NTU) influents. Trials employing an applied clay cake layer, formed using highly turbid influent source water (100 NTU) and no cleaning regime between trials, resulted in viral removal efficiency values of 1.5–2.5 log, compared to 0.2–0.5 log during non-obstructed trials.

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Performance of black ceramic water filters and their implementation in rural Ecuador

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2019.185 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 694-702 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura Guerrero-Latorre ◽

Priscila Balseca-Enriquez ◽

Carlos Moyota-Tello ◽

Ronald Bravo-Camino ◽

Stephanie Davila-Chavez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Treatment ◽

New Technology ◽

Classical Model ◽

International Standards ◽

Household Water Treatment ◽

Household Level ◽

Ceramic Water Filters ◽

Field Level ◽

Water Filters

Abstract In rural Ecuador, microbial water contamination is associated with child morbidity mainly due to gastroenteritis. Black ceramic water filters (BCWF) are a new household water treatment recently developed to improve microbial removal from the classical model implemented worldwide. This study has assessed BCWF microbial performance at laboratory level by continuous filtering of spiked water with microbial surrogates (Escherichia coli and MS2 bacteriophage) and highly contaminated surface water to evaluate physicochemical pollutants' removal. At field level, baseline studies in Nanegal and Gualea districts have been performed to evaluate water quality and hygiene practices among communities and a six-month BCWF field implementation study in the Santa Marianita community. Results revealed poor drinking water quality in communities studied. Water treatment practices at household level were reported in low percentages. Conversely, results in BCWF filter assays at laboratory level for 600 litres of usage have shown 5.36 logarithms of bacterial removal and 3.83 logarithms for viral removal and significant reductions of physicochemical pollutants considering international standards. BCWF implementation in the Santa Marianita community reveals promising results on microbial water quality in households using this new technology. However, it is important to reinforce correct BCWF maintenance for better performance at field level.

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Development of improved low-cost ceramic water filters for viral removal in the Haitian context

Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development ◽

10.2166/washdev.2014.121 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 28-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. Guerrero-Latorre ◽

M. Rusiñol ◽

A. Hundesa ◽

M. Garcia-Valles ◽

S. Martinez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Low Cost ◽

World Health ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Virus Removal ◽

Ceramic Water Filters ◽

Removal Efficiencies ◽

Reductive Atmosphere ◽

Health Organization ◽

Water Filters

Household-based water treatment (HWT) is increasingly being promoted to improve water quality and, therefore, health status in low-income countries. Ceramic water filters (CWFs) are used in many regions as sustainable HWT and have been proven to meet World Health Organization (WHO) microbiological performance targets for bacterial removal (2–4 log); however, the described viral removal efficiencies are insufficient to significantly reduce the associated risk of viral infection. With the objective of improving the viral removal efficiencies of ceramic water filters, new prototypes with different oxide compositions and firing atmospheres have been developed and evaluated. For removal efficiencies human adenoviruses, MS2 bacteriophage and Escherichia coli were quantified in all prototypes. A new model of CWF that was fired in a reductive atmosphere presented virus and bacteria removal efficiencies greater than 3.0 log and 2.5 log, respectively, which would fulfill the viral targets that are recommended by the WHO. Ceramic characterization of the selected filters, which were fired in a reductive atmosphere, showed that a larger specific surface area than those of control filters and higher fraction of a positive Z-potential fraction are the most likely explanations for this increase in virus removal.

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Impact of chlorination on silver elution from ceramic water filters

Water Research ◽

10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 142 ◽

pp. 471-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Bonnie A. Lyon-Marion ◽

Anjuliee M. Mittelman ◽

Justine Rayner ◽

Daniele S. Lantagne ◽

Kurt D. Pennell

Keyword(s):

Ceramic Water Filters ◽

Water Filters

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Silver-Impregnated Ceramic-Water Filters to Improve Water Quality and Health

10.18130/v3z80r ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Lydia Abebe

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Ceramic Water Filters ◽

Improve Water Quality ◽

Water Filters

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Microbial and chemical assessment of ceramic and BioSand water filters in rural Cambodia

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2010.221 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 286-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. M. Murphy ◽

M. Sampson ◽

K. Farahbakhsh ◽

E. McBean

Keyword(s):

Produced Water ◽

Water And Sanitation ◽

Household Water Treatment ◽

Ceramic Filters ◽

Ceramic Water Filters ◽

Point Of Use ◽

Guideline Value ◽

Treatment Technologies ◽

Biosand Filters ◽

Water Filters

Unless significant advances are made in the water and sanitation sector, it is unlikely that Cambodia will meet the United Nations Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target #7 for water and sanitation. Point-of-use technologies (POU), also termed “household water treatment technologies”, have been identified as successful options for providing safe water to rural households. Ceramic water filters and BioSand filters are two major POU technologies that are currently implemented across Cambodia. This paper presents data on the microbial performance of these two technologies in the field on various Cambodian source waters. In addition, data are presented on the occurrence of nitrite in treated water. Results showed that 61% and 88% of BioSand filters and ceramic filters, respectively, produced water in the low risk range for E. coli as defined by the WHO (0–10 CFU/100 mL). In addition, 83% of BioSand filters and 75% of ceramic filters were not meeting the WHO guideline value for chronic exposure to nitrite in drinking water (0.2 mg/L).

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Clay Mixtures and the Mechanical Properties of Microporous and Nanoporous Ceramic Water Filters

Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001596 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (10) ◽

pp. 04016105 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ebenezer Annan ◽

Kwabena Kan-Dapaah ◽

Salifu T. Azeko ◽

Kabiru Mustapha ◽

Joseph Asare ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Ceramic Water Filters ◽

Water Filters

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Does Activated Silver Reduce Recontamination Risks in the Reservoirs of Ceramic Water Filters?

Water ◽

10.3390/w11051108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1108

Author(s):

Regula Meierhofer ◽

Pascal Rubli ◽

Jared Oremo ◽

Alloyce Odhiambo

Keyword(s):

Water Storage ◽

Water Reservoir ◽

Silver Ions ◽

Field Trials ◽

Metallic Silver ◽

Silver Coating ◽

Filter Performance ◽

Ceramic Water Filters ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Water Filters

Efforts to provide safe water are challenged by recontamination and regrowth of pathogens in treated water during storage. This study evaluated the potential of metallic silver with a chemically etched surface to reduce recontamination risks during water storage in ceramic water filters. Batch experiments were conducted in the laboratory with water storage buckets containing three configurations of varying amounts of silver. Field trials in a rural area in Kenya assessed the effect of the same configurations in the storage buckets of locally produced ceramic pot filters without colloidal silver coating. The tests revealed that the etched silver slightly reduced microbiological recontamination risks during water storage despite the low diffusion of silver ions (<5 µg Ag/L). The effect was strongly influenced by water chemistry parameters. A statistically significant difference in the removal of E. coli (Δ Log Removal Value (LRV) = 0.6) and total coliforms (Δ LRV = 1.7) was found between households using a filter with silver in the water reservoir and those using a filter without silver. Multivariate regression of water handling factors and hygiene practices on filter performance revealed that the presence of silver in the reservoir and cleaning the filter element with a brush were associated with a better filter performance.

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