scholarly journals Access to water and sanitation for people with paraplegia living in rural communities in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1233686
Author(s):  
Md Jahangir Alam ◽  
Wendy Bryant ◽  
Udo Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Access To Water

scholarly journals Water and sanitation are not gender-neutral: human rights in rural Brazilian communities

Water Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-120
Author(s):  
Bárbarah Brenda Silva ◽  
Bárbara Sales ◽  
Ana Carolina Lanza ◽  
Léo Heller ◽  
Sonaly Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
The North ◽  
Labor Division ◽  
Access To Water

Abstract The Human Rights to Water and Sanitation (HRWS), adopted as UN Resolutions since 2010, contemplates key elements that seek to ensure equal and non-discriminatory access to water and sanitation, including the elimination of gender inequalities. Working in populations with socio-environmental vulnerabilities, this study aims to assess gender division of labor in households of two rural communities in the North and Northeast Brazilian macroregions and identify why greater impacts occur on the lives of women when compared to men, resulting in human rights concerns. A qualitative analysis was carried out through semi-structured interviews and direct observation. The study showed that in the two rural Brazilian communities there is a clear labor division for water and sanitation access from a gender perspective. Men undertake more specialized work, sometimes requiring greater physical effort. As for women, they are assigned functions related to the domestic environment, including activities concerning water and sanitation. When facilities are inadequate, there is a disproportionate impact on women's health and quality of life, showing that the non-compliance with the human rights to water and sanitation often results in more harmful consequences for them.

Impact of Water Availability on Rural Development in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 225-234
Author(s):  
Sinmi Abosede
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Current State ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
International Data ◽  
Rural Community Health ◽  
The Impact

Water is essential to life and is at the center of any sustainable development initiative. It is crucial for the economic development of a nation and for the alleviation of poverty and it is important for the livelihood of rural communities. Limited access to water and sanitation services adversely affects an individual's health, limits their access to educational and economic opportunities, and affects their ability to be productive and live full and secure lives. These impacts are more visible in rural poor communities and there is linkage between water availability and issues relating to health, poverty, and food security. This chapter reviews and assesses the current state of the water and sanitation sector in rural areas of Nigeria and analyses the impact of water availability on rural community health and agricultural productivity. The research will be conducted as a desk-top study utilizing information from literature, national and international data sources.

Water and sanitation policies for improving health in South Africa: overcoming the institutional legacy of apartheid

Water Policy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 627-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edina Sinanovic ◽  
Sandi Mbatsha ◽  
Stephen Gundry ◽  
Jim Wright ◽  
Clas Rehnberg
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The South ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
New Policies

The burden of water-related disease is closely related to both the socio-economic situation and public health issues like access to clean water, sanitation and hygiene services. Poverty eradication, through improved access to water and sanitation, is the South African government's major priority. This is partly achieved through subsidising the cost of water and sanitation provision to the poor in rural areas. Whilst the new policies have made a remarkable impact on improved access to water and sanitation services, a general problem since the new approach in 1994 has been the lack of integration of policies for water and sanitation and health. This paper analyses the policies concerning rural water supply and sanitation in South Africa. It considers the structure of institutions, the division of responsibilities and legislated and financial capacity of the South Africa's water sector. A more integrated approach for the policies aiming at water access, sanitation and health is needed. In addition, as the local government's capacity to implement different programmes is limited, a review of the financing system is necessary.

scholarly journals The how tough is WASH framework for assessing the climate resilience of water and sanitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Howard ◽  
Anisha Nijhawan ◽  
Adrian Flint ◽  
Manish Baidya ◽  
Maria Pregnolato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Measurement Framework ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractClimate change presents a major threat to water and sanitation services. There is an urgent need to understand and improve resilience, particularly in rural communities and small towns in low- and middle-income countries that already struggle to provide universal access to services and face increasing threats from climate change. To date, there is a lack of a simple framework to assess the resilience of water and sanitation services which hinders the development of strategies to improve services. An interdisciplinary team of engineers and environmental and social scientists were brought together to investigate the development of a resilience measurement framework for use in low- and middle-income countries. Six domains of interest were identified based on a literature review, expert opinion, and limited field assessments in two countries. A scoring system using a Likert scale is proposed to assess the resilience of services and allow analysis at local and national levels to support improvements in individual supplies, identifying systematic faults, and support prioritisation for action. This is a simple, multi-dimensional framework for assessing the resilience of rural and small-town water and sanitation services in LMICs. The framework is being further tested in Nepal and Ethiopia and future results will be reported on its application.

scholarly journals Global cost-benefit analysis of water supply and sanitation interventions

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Hutton ◽  
Laurence Haller ◽  
Jamie Bartram
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Global Cost ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Time Savings ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

The aim of this study was to estimate the economic benefits and costs of a range of interventions to improve access to water supply and sanitation facilities in the developing world. Results are presented for eleven developing country WHO sub-regions as well as at the global level, in United States Dollars (US$) for the year 2000. Five different types of water supply and sanitation improvement were modelled: achieving the water millennium development goal of reducing by half in 2015 those without improved water supply in the year 1990; achieving the combined water supply and sanitation MDG; universal basic access to water supply and sanitation; universal basic access plus water purification at the point-of-use; and regulated piped water supply and sewer connection. Predicted reductions in the incidence of diarrhoeal disease were calculated based on the expected population receiving these interventions. The costs of the interventions included estimations of the full investment and annual running costs. The benefits of the interventions included time savings due to easier access, gain in productive time and reduced health care costs saved due to less illness, and prevented deaths. The results show that all water and sanitation improvements are cost-beneficial in all developing world sub-regions. In developing regions, the return on a US$1 investment was in the range US$5 to US$46, depending on the intervention. For the least developed regions, investing every US$1 to meet the combined water supply and sanitation MDG lead to a return of at least US$5 (AFR-D, AFR-E, SEAR-D) or US$12 (AMR-B; EMR-B; WPR-B). The main contributor to economic benefits was time savings associated with better access to water and sanitation services, contributing at least 80% to overall economic benefits. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that even under pessimistic data assumptions the potential economic benefits outweighed the costs in all developing world regions. Further country case-studies are recommended as a follow up to this global analysis.

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