Water Resources Management for Sustainable Development

Global water consumption has increased dramatically with the pace of population growth. Production of food and better standard of living for individuals and nations increase the demand of water. Availability of water in adequate quantity and quality is a necessary condition for sustainable development. Knowledge and understanding of freshwater resources is essential for sustainable development too as it ensures management of renewable natural resources for growth and prosperity. Progress towards sustainable development requires engaging a broad range of actors in government, civil society, and business to assure that water is taken into account in their decision-making process and to promote cooperation across disciplines, sectors, and borders. Water resources, if managed properly, can be realized for sharing of greater benefits to the society. National governments have responsibilities towards their citizens, and therefore, the national governments and the global community need to take action and track progress over a much broader set of water-related challenges.

Prospects of Agricultural Education in Pakistan-Options and Challenges

Agricultural education is significant aspects as agriculture is the driving force of economy of the country. Published literature on agricultural education impact and challenges is scant. Hence, through a mixed methods technique, this chapter is formulated to bridge the literature gap and persuade others to carry on research. Grey literature and primary data collected through interviews was utilized to formulate this chapter. Collected data was qualitative in nature and through content analysis, a meaningful interpretation was created. Agricultural universities, training institutes and the Department of Extension are major pillars for agricultural education of students and the farming masses. Different case studies are quoted inside the chapter to reflect trends, impacts and challenges. This chapter summarized that the quality of agricultural education across the country is poor and quantity-oriented. For quality assurance we would have to shift our priorities and develop holistic approaches to bring improved quality, particularly in agricultural institutions.

Integrating the Informal Sector for Improved Waste Management in Rural Communities

The chapter dwells on the theoretical and practical aspects of the informal sector involvement in the system of waste management in rural communities. First, the author discusses peculiar properties of the informal sector involvement such as social, economic, and environmental peculiarities. Second, organizing the informal sector in rural areas is considered. Such issues as the role of community members, organizational structures of community-based organizations, problems of community-based waste management, and directions of its solutions are covered. Third, the author provides summary of experience and policy recommendations for the integration of the informal sector in the waste management system in rural areas. The author concludes that policies facilitating the integration of the informal sector result in increasing recyclable recovery rates and reduction of total waste-management costs. Partnership with the informal recycling sector improves resource efficiency in rural areas and contributes to poverty reduction and environmental improvements.

Researching Sustainable Rural Development With Location Quotient Method in Yozgat (2006-2016)

This chapter investigates employment structure with regard to sustainable rural development for the NUTS-4 regions. In this research, the Location Quotient (LQ) method was used to provide statistical knowledge on geographical location and clustering. The employment structure is examined under three categories: 1) number of employees contributing to rural production using traditional methods; 2) number of employees in vegetable and animal production, and logging and fishing; and 3) number of employees in the food industry. Of these three areas of interest, the LQ method could not be applied to the first one because of the lack of entrepreneurship and capital accumulation. It was concluded that Sorgun, Çandır and Akdağmadeni were the NUTS-4 regions that contributed to rural production. Clustering was detected in Çayıralan, Aydıncık, Kadışehri and Akdağmadeni NUTS-4 regions that contributed to business activity in vegetable and animal production, and logging and fishing. Clustering in activities in the food industry was detected in Boğazlıyan, Çayıralan, Çandır and Sorgun NUTS-4 regions.

Illness Profile of a Disaster Prone Bangladeshi Village

This chapter examines the illness profile of a disaster-prone village Char Majhira at Sariakandi Upazilla of Bogra district in Bangladesh which frequently affect various communicable and non-communicable illness. The researcher had administered participant observation, a thick description of villagers, an in-depth interview and FGD for data collection by using purposive sampling of the 250 households during November 2010 to June 2011. The salient health hazards of Char Majhira were rickets and vision problems, and the leading causes of death were asthma, neoplasm, respiratory infections, senility, stroke, various conditions during the neonatal period, accidents, cardiovascular illness other than stroke and diarrheal diseases, hepatitis and hypertension. As this is a chapter about illness profile of a disaster-prone village, it obviously will be helpful for development planners and policy makers to take essential steps for the prevention of illness in the disadvantage people in Bangladesh, as well as rest of the world.

Socioeconomic Impact of Education on Agriculture

Education is one of the basic activities in all human societies because continued existence of a society depends largely upon the transmission of it heritage to the new generation. In its broadest sense, education is the process by which society seeks to transmit its tradition, customs skills and culture to the young generation. Education has been rationally regarded as a social obligation and is widely accepted that the major factor in nation's economic progress is the quality of its man power resources. Education is considered as one of the important factors in speeding up the process of social change in any society. In order to understand the complexity of the society itself and to move along with the change, one need to be educated. Education brings changes in the attitude and behaviors of the people. Education helps to overcome poverty, increase income, improves health and nutrition and reduces family size.

The Possibility of a Sustainable Rural Development by Husbanding Precious Resources

The present chapter aimed at making out the possibility of sustainable rural development by husbanding precious resources in the rural areas, particularly the rural areas of the Central Karakoram zone in Pakistan. For this purpose, a qualitative research design was manipulated in order to decipher the maximum chance of attaining rural sustainability in these areas through a thorough perusal of various relevant past studies. Hence, the information, gleaned from the archival sources and elucidated hermeneutically, signified a high level of effectiveness of the economical use of natural resources for retaining sufficient and passable degree of sustainability in the rural areas. Consequently, the hermeneutic assertions, made by the researcher of this study, accentuated the inculcation of numerous assorted customary husbandry methods, adopted and employed by the pure traditional rural communities, among the modern rural population of the Central Karakoram zone in Pakistan as well in order to enhance the possibility of arriving at the rural sustainability in these areas. Recognizing the value of certain reliable husbandry practices, the study deemed and estimated a maximum accomplishment of targets set out for attaining sustainable rural development all around the world, particularly in the Central Karakoram zone in Pakistan.

Rural Aging, Demise of the Traditional Family and the Rise of New Family Structures in Rural Turkey

This chapter investigates the influences of rural aging on traditional agricultural production in rural areas in Turkey concerning the traditional family as a social structure of accumulation. Traditional agricultural production in Turkey, which is generally characterized by subsistence farming, relies mostly on the unpaid family worker for survival. The influences of migration tendency of younger family members to urban areas and aging which becomes a physical challenge to remaining family members on traditional family seem to be prevalently studied and argued in the literature. As a new variable, this research focuses on the influences of a specific population, who recently returns to their rural origins from urban areas after retirement. It is found in this research that reverse migration does not only contribute to the increase of elderly population rates in rural settlements and thus rural aging; it also has direct impacts both on agricultural production and traditional family structures.

Global Economic Issues and Policies Impacting Rural Sociology (Module ELT Approach)

This chapter provides an experiential learning technique (ELT) teaching strategy for instructors and their undergraduate students in international trade law. It is hoped that the chapter's overall topic shall be elucidated further with the application of the Bloom's taxonomy of learning methodology. The significance and impact of experiential learning technique (ELT) can be best achieved when there is actual immersion on the subject matter through the direct participation of both teacher and learner. The classroom, whether or not specifically designed for either a natural or pure science laboratory or the broad discipline of social science lectures, can become a reservoir of experiential learning technique through the application of doable classroom exercises (DCE) and actionable learning outcomes (ALO) as will be discussed in this chapter.

Reallocation of Water Resources in the Arab Region

Water is an integral part of ecosystems. Water is essential to earth's living creatures and central to maintaining the earth's ecosystems. In most of the world, both water quantity and quality problems are becoming more acute, since the available water resources are being over-utilized and stressed beyond the sustainability point. The contemporary global water crises including inefficient use and lack of equitable distribution are mainly due to the crises of governance. Water governance emerged as a comprehensive framework by replacing all the existing paradigms including integrated water resource management. Though water governance focuses many aspects in ensuring sustainable use of water resources and its equitable distribution, reallocation of water resources may be the most appropriate policy option to achieve these objectives. Reallocation will systematically address the uneven distribution of water resources across the sectors and prevent excessive allocation of water to a particular sector. Based on secondary sources, this chapter analyzes the challenges involved in water governance in terms of water reallocation in the Arab countries where the allocation of water for agriculture is very high. Addressing water scarcity in the Arab region lies mainly in effectively managing the growing demand. Major water governance challenges with respect reallocation of water resources are tariff, metering, and billing, which led to the excessive use in an unprecedented manner.